GB2040710A - Condensing a vapour - Google Patents
Condensing a vapour Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2040710A GB2040710A GB7902223A GB7902223A GB2040710A GB 2040710 A GB2040710 A GB 2040710A GB 7902223 A GB7902223 A GB 7902223A GB 7902223 A GB7902223 A GB 7902223A GB 2040710 A GB2040710 A GB 2040710A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vapour
- liquid
- column
- tank
- space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
- B01D1/284—Special features relating to the compressed vapour
- B01D1/2846—The compressed vapour is not directed to the same apparatus from which the vapour was taken off
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0048—Barometric condensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
At least one system, preferably two, is provided which comprises an upright column (9, 10) extending from a tank (7, 8) of the liquid, the liquid level of the column being at a height above the level of liquid in the tank (7, 8) determined by ambient pressure exerted on the surface of liquid in the tank (7, 8), vapour of the liquid being present in the space above the column liquid level. The vapour of one system is condensed by varying the physical condition of the vapour, for example by passing vapour from the vapour space of a first system to the vapour space of a second system with increase in pressure. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to condensing a vapour
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to condensing a vapour and particularly relates to a method of, and an apparatus suitable for use in, condensing a vapour.
According to a first aspect of this invention there is provided a method of condensing a vapour, which method comprises providing at least one system comprising an upright column of liquid extending from a tank of the liquid, the liquid level of the column being at a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted on the surface of liquid in the tank, vapour of the liquid being present in the space above the column liquid level, and varying physical condition of the vapour so as to condense said vapour.
According to a second aspect of this invention there is provided a method of condensing a vapour, which method comprises providing first and second systems, each system comprising an upright column of liquid extending from a tank of the liquid, the liquid level of the column being art a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted on the surface of liquid in the tank, vapour of the liquid being present in the space above the column liquid level, and passing vapour from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system with increase in pressure so as to condense the vapour so passed.
According to a third aspect of this invention there is provided an apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, which apparatus comprises at least one system comprising a tank for receiving a liquid, column means to extend upright, in use, from the tank, the column means being of such length to receive, in use, a column of liquid such that the liquid level of the column can attain a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted, in use, on the surface of the liquid in the tank and a space for vapour is present above the column liquid level, and means for varying physical condition of the vapour to condense said vapour.
According to a fourth aspect of this invention there is provided an apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, which apparatus comprises first and second systems, each system comprising a tank open to ambient pressure for receiving a liquid, column means to extend upright from the tank, in use, the column means being of such length to receive a column of liquid extending from the tank of liquid such that the liquid level of the column can attain a height determined by the ambient pressure exerted on the liquid in the tank and a space for liquid vapour is present above the column liquid level, and means for passing vapour with increase in pressure from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system so as to condense the vapour so passed.
This invention is based on the creation of "vacuum" in barometric tanks. A good example of this "vacuum" is the "vacuum" in the barometer known as.the Torricelli vacuum.
Actually this "vacuum" is filled with vapour at the saturated vapour pressure thereof which varies with the temperature of the liquid.
The liquid used is advantageously water. The height of each water column will be equal to the atmospheric pressure in the place of erection of the apparatus (that is 33.9138 ft. (10.3369m) of water if the atmospheric pressure is 14.696 PSI (101.325 x 103Pa). The space above the surface of the columns is filled with water vapour at the pressure corresponding to the evaporation temperature of water in contact with it. Vapour is passed, in one aspect 6f this invention, from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system with increase in pressure. In one embodiment, this pressure causes the vapour to condense on tubes of a heat exchanger (condenser) in the system, in which heat exchanger sea water of sufficient quantity is circulated. In a further embodiment, the vapour so passed is mixed with enough quantity of available cold water at normal temperature, which water is passed into the vapour space of the second system.
Preferred embodiments of this invention can be used to provide a cooling load and to provide distillation (desalination) of sea water.
Preferred embodiments of this invention require substantially less power input to operate than comparable conventional plants.
For a better understanding of this invention and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of an apparatus for condensing a vapour in accordance with this invention, and
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an apparatus for condensing a vapour in accordance with this invention.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, there is shown an apparatus, which can be used as a cooling and/or distilating plant. This apparatus comprises two systems each comprising a lower tank 7, 8, a 34 ft. (1 Om) long header 9, 10 having a valve 11, 12 at the lower end thereof and an upper tank 1,2. The upper tanks 1 and 2 are interconnected by a duct 6 and a compressor 3 coupled to an electric motor is situated in the duct. Each upper tank 1 and 2 is provided with a heat exchanger 4, 13 (evaporator and condenser, respectively). As is apparent from Figure 1, the heat exchanger 4 is part of a circuit including a unit 5, such as an air conditioning unit, and pumps. Liquid from the upper tank can be pumped therefrom via a valve as shown. Furthermore liquid from the circuit can be passed, for example sprayed, into the upper tank 2 at point 14.
A refill tank 15 is provided for feeding liquid to the lower tank 7.
Afilling point 17 is provided in the duct 6.
In use, the apparatus is fitted with water through the filling point 17 after closing the valves 11, 12 of the headers 9 and 10. Then, after closing the filling point valve and opening the valves 11, 12, the water is allowed to drop partially from the upper tanks 1, 2 through the headers, and to a level, in the upper tanks 1, 2 depending on the atmospheric pressure in the location, of the apparatus, the temperature of water in the upper tanks and the specific gravity of the water. The space above water surface of the elevated tanks and the duct is now full of water vapour at a pressure corresponding to the evaporation temperature of water in contact with it.
When the compressor 3 is started, the vapour from the upper tank 1 is sucked and delivered to the upper tank 2 at a higher calculated pressure. This pressure is enough to cause this vapour to condense either on the tubes of the heat exchanger (condenser) 13 in which sea water at normal temperature is circulated, or mixed with enough quantity of cold fresh water supplied at point 14.
Atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of water in the lower tanks 7 and 8 will maintain the level of water in the upper tanks 1,2 at the same level.
Evaporation of water in the upper tank 1 will substract heat of evaporation from surrounding water and the resultant cooled water in this tank can be used in cooling purposes. For example, in the embodiment shown, the medium passing through the heat exchanger (evaporator) 4 is cooled on evaporation of the water and this cooled medium can be passed to an air conditioning unit 5. The water distilled in the upper tank 2 can be used in the uses of fresh water.
The second embodiment apparatus shown in Figure 2 is similar to that of the Figure 1 embodiment.
However, in the Figure 2 embodiment the upper tank 1 is situated within the upper tank 2 and the heat exchanger 4 (evaporator) and 13 (condenser) extend in each tank. The tanks 1 and 2 are situated in a closed tank 16. The compressor 3 passes vapour from the vapour space of the upper tank 1, into tubes of the heat exchanger (condenser) 13 and hence into the upper tank 2. The level of water in the upper tank 1 is preferably so adjusted as to cover the tubes of the heat exchanger (condenser) 13 so that this water, cooled by evaporation, can be used to facilitate condensation. This greatly improves efficiency of the apparatus.
The following Examples further illustrate this invention.
Example 1
The purpose is to produce a cooling load with a high coefficient of performance, (See Figure 1).
Let the temp. of water in the evaporator at steady state condition be 60"F (15 C).
The total heat at 600F (15go) = 1087.42 B.Th.U. (1 147.29kJ).
Let the temp. of the cooling water used in the condenser = 80"F (26"C) and the temp. of the condenser = 85 F (29 C).
The total heatofvapourat85'F (29"C) = 1098.28 B.Th.U. (1158.75kJ).
The pressure of water vapour at 600F (15 C) = 0.5912047 ft. (0.1801991m) water.
The pressure of water vapour at 85"F (29"C) = 1.3755512 ft. (0.41 9268m) water.
The amount of work required to compress one Ib (0.45kg) of water vapour at 0.5912047 ft. (0.1801991m) of water to 1.3755512 ft. (0.419268m) water equals the difference in total heat of water vapour at these two pressures if the compression process is adiabatic. If the compression efficiency = 0.7, the amount of work required by the fan to compress one Ib (0.45kg) of water vapour measured in heat units equals the difference in total heat at these two pressures divided by compression efficiency:
1098.28 - 1087.42 = 15.514285 B.Th.U. (16.368501kJ) 0.7 The total heat of each Ib compressed to the condenser becomes equal = 1087.42 + 15.514285
= 1102.9342 B.Th.U. (1163.6618kJ) The amount of cooling water to be sprayed in the condenser if its temp. to be raised from 80"F (26"C) to 85"F (29 C) as we have assumed before,
~ 1102.9342 - 53.05 = 209.97684 Ib (95.24381 kg)
5
The power consumed in the pump circulating the cooling water in the condenser if the cooling water is pumped to a level higher than the level of water in the condenser by 5ft (1.524m) and efficiency of the pump = 0.7
209.97684 x 5 = 1499.8345 Ib. ft.
0.7 = 1.928078 B.Th.U. (2.034238kJ)
The power consumed in the pump and in the fan, = 1.928078 + 15.514285 = 17.442092 B.Th.U.(18.402453kJ) The latent of Performance) - The latent heat
C. O. P. (Co-efficient = 1087.42 - 28.08 17.442092
= 60.734687
Example 2
If the purpose is to produce distilled water, the plant is operated at a temperature in the condenser very near to the temperature in the evaporator (Figure (1).
The sea water temperature in Summer in Kuwait = 80 F (26 C).
The latent heat per Ib (0.459) at 80"F (26 C) = 1048.07 B.Th.U. (1105.78kJ).
The total heat per Ib (0.459) at 800F (26 C) = 1096.12 B.Th.U. (1156.47kJ).
If the temperature of the cooling water in the condenser = 80 F (26 C).
The steady state temperature in the condenser = 85 F (29 C).
Let the amount of cooling water to be circulated in the condenser = X.
The total heat at 850F (29 C) = 1098.28 B.Th.U.(1158.75kJ).
The amount of work in heat units required by the fan if compression efficiency = 0.7.
1098.28 - 1076.12 = 3.0857 B.Th.U. (3.2556kJ)/lb.
0.7 The total heat of vapour delivered to the condenser
= 1096.12 + 3.0857 = 1099.2057 B.Th.U (1159.7279kJ)/lb
1099.2057 + 48.05 = (X+1) 53.05 1046.1557 = 209.23114 lb (94.90557kg)
53.05 - 48.05
The work required by the pump delivering the cooling water in the condenser = specific wt multiplied by the discharge multiplied by the head acting divided by the efficiency of the pump.
If the head required by the pump = 5 ft of water (1.524m) 209.23114 x 5
the work = 0.7 = 1494.5081 lb.ft.
= 1.9209615 B.Th.U. (2.0267296kJ)
The total work required to evaporate one Ib (0.459) of water and condense it equals the work consumed in the fan and the work consumed in the pump, = 1.9209615 + 3.0857 = 5.0066615 B.Th.U (5.2823282 kJ)/lb.
1B.Th.U.= 1 x 778 x 0.746 = 2.9304977 x 10 -4 K.Wt.Hr.
550x3600 = 1.05506kJ 5.0066615 B.Th.U./lb = 0.0014672 K.Wt.hr./lb = 5.2823282kJ/lb
1000 gal. ofwater= 104 lb.
The power required to destillate 1000 gal. (4.54m3)
= 0.0014672 x
= 14.672 K.Wt.hr.(15.479kJ)/1000 gal.
Example 3
It is possible to reduce the amount of power required to distillate 1000 imp. gal. (4.54m3) of sea water by making a design wherein the condenser tubes are immersed in the water of the evaporator, Figure (2).
Let the temp. of the water in the evaporator in this case = 79 F (26 C).
The temperature of tubes "the other side" of the condenser = 81 F (27 C).
The total heat/lb at 790F (26 C) = 1095.685 B.Th.U (1156.013kJ)/lb.
The total heat/lb at 81 F (27 C) = 1096.552 B.Th.U (1156.928kJ)/lb.
The amount of work required by the fan in this case 1096.12 - 1095.685
= = 1.2385714B.Th.U(1.3067671kJ)/lb
0.7 The amount of work required to distillate 1000 gal. (4.54m3) in this case, = 1.2385714 x 2.9304988 x 104 X 104
= 3.629632 K.Wt.hr (3.829479kJ)/1000 gal.
As is apparent from the above examples embodiments of this invention enable a drastic reduction in power input in comparison with comparable conventional methods.
Claims (36)
1. A method of condensing a vapour, which method comprises providing at least one system comprising an upright column of liquid extending from a tank of the liquid, the liquid level of the column being at a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted on the surface of liquid in the tank, vapour of the liquid being present in the space above the column liquid level, and varying physical condition of the vapour so as to condense said vapour.
2. A method of condensing a vapour, which method comprises providing first and second systems, each system comprising an upright column of liquid extending from a tank of the liquid, the liquid level of the column being at a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted on the surface of liquid in the tank, vapour of the liquid being present in the space above the column liquid level, and passing vapour from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system with increase in pressure so as to condense the vapour so passed.
3. A method according to Claim 2, wherein a compresser causes vapour to pass from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system with increase in pressure.
4. A method according to Claim 2 or 3, wherein each system comprises the tank, a column for receiving part of the column of liquid and an upper tank, the upper tank containing the upper level of the column of liquid and the vapour space, the upper tank of the first system being provided with a heat exchanger.
5. A method according to Claim 4, wherein the upper tank of the second system is provided with a heat exchanger.
6. A method according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein the medium of the heat exchanger, after passing through the heat exchanger, is used for cooling purposes.
7. A method according to Claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the spaces above the column liquid level of the first and second system are interconnected by a duct.
8. A method according to Claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the upper tank of the first system is situated within the upper tank of the second system.
9. A method according to Claim 8, wherein each of the upper tanks is provided with a heat exchanger, each heat exchanger extending in both of the upper tanks, vapour from the vapour space of the first system passing through tubes of the heat exchanger of the second system into the upper tank of the second system.
10. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 9, wherein liquid is passed into the vapour space of the second system.
11. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 10, wherein the liquid is water.
12. A method according to Claim 11 when appended to Claim 10, wherein the liquid of the first system is salt water, the liquid of the second system and the liquid sprayed into the vapour space of the second system is fresh water.
13. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, which apparatus comprises at least one system comprising a tank for receiving a liquid, column means to extend upright, in use, from the tank, the column means being of such length to receive, in use, a column of liquid such that the liquid level of the column can attain a height above the level of liquid in the tank determined by ambient pressure exerted, in use, on the surface of the liquid in the tank and a space for vapour is present above the column liquid level, and means for varying physical condition of the vapourto condense said vapour.
14. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, which apparatus comprises first and second systems, each system comprising a tank open to ambient pressure for receiving a liquid, column means to extend upright from the tank, in use, the column means being of such length to receive a column of liquid extending from the tank of liquid such that the liquid level of the column can attain a height determined by the ambient pressure exerted on the liquid in the tank and a space for liquid vapour is present above the column liquid level, and means for passing vapour with increase in pressure from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system so as to condense the vapour so passed.
15. An apparatus according to Claim 14, which comprises a compressor arranged to cause, in use, vapour to pass from the vapour space of the first system to the vapour space of the second system with increase in pressure.
16. An apparatus according to Claim 14 or 15, wherein the column means of the first and second systems each comprises a column for receiving, in use, part of the column of liquid, the column having at the upper end thereof an upper tank for containing the column liquid level and the vapour space.
17. An apparatus according to Claim 16, wherein the upper tank of the second system is provided with a heat exchanger.
18. An apparatus according to Claim 16 or 17, wherein the upper tank of the first system is provided with
heat exchanger.
19. An apparatus according to Claim 18, which comprises means for circulating medium from the heat exchanger of the first system to a unit for utilizing the medium cooled during passage through said heat exchanger as a coolant.
20. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 14 to 19, which comprises means for passing liquid into the vapour space of the upper tank of the second system.
21. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 20, wherein a duct interconnects the spaces above the column liquid levels of the first and second systems.
22. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 16 to 20, wherein the upper tank of the first system is situated within the upper tank of the second system.
23. An apparatus according to Claim 22, wherein each of the upper tanks is provided with a heat exchanger, each heat exchanger extending in both of the upper tanks, one of the heat exchangers having tubes which are open at the ends thereof such that, in use, vapour from the upper tank of the first system can pass through the tubes and into the upper tank of the second system.
24. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 14to 23, which is a plant for producing a cooling load.
25. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 14 to 24, which is a desalination plant.
26. A method of condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
27. A method of condensing a vapour, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 2.
28. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
29. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
30. A method of condensing a vapour, substantially as herein before described in foregoing Example 1.
31. A method of condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described in foregoing Example 2.
32. A method of condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described in foregoing Example 3.
33. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described in foregoing Example 1.
34. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described in foregoing Example 2.
35. An apparatus suitable for use in condensing a vapour, substantially as hereinbefore described in foregoing Example 3.
36. Any novel feature or novel combination of features disclosed herein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7902223A GB2040710A (en) | 1979-01-22 | 1979-01-22 | Condensing a vapour |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7902223A GB2040710A (en) | 1979-01-22 | 1979-01-22 | Condensing a vapour |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2040710A true GB2040710A (en) | 1980-09-03 |
Family
ID=10502657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7902223A Withdrawn GB2040710A (en) | 1979-01-22 | 1979-01-22 | Condensing a vapour |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2040710A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2176714A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1987-01-07 | William Masterton | Water evaporating and condensing plant |
| KR20160051735A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-05-11 | 인더스트리얼 어드밴스드 서비시즈 에프지-엘엘씨 | Methods And Facilities For Thermal Distillation With Mechanical Vapour Compression |
| KR20190058627A (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2019-05-29 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Stage and system for compressing decomposed gas |
-
1979
- 1979-01-22 GB GB7902223A patent/GB2040710A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2176714A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1987-01-07 | William Masterton | Water evaporating and condensing plant |
| GB2176714B (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1989-07-12 | William Masterton | Water evaporating and condensing plant |
| KR20160051735A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-05-11 | 인더스트리얼 어드밴스드 서비시즈 에프지-엘엘씨 | Methods And Facilities For Thermal Distillation With Mechanical Vapour Compression |
| JP2016528035A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-09-15 | ウィナンディ フランソワ−マチューＦＲＡＮＣＯＩＳ−ＭＡＴＨＩＥＵ， Ｗｉｎａｎｄｙ | Method and equipment for thermal distillation using mechanical vapor compression |
| KR102300622B1 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2021-09-10 | 인더스트리얼 어드밴스드 서비시즈 에프지-엘엘씨 | Methods And Facilities For Thermal Distillation With Mechanical Vapour Compression |
| KR20190058627A (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2019-05-29 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Stage and system for compressing decomposed gas |
| KR102508049B1 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2023-03-08 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | Stages and systems for compressing cracked gas |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |