GB2031766A - Process and casting machine for continuously casting metal - Google Patents
Process and casting machine for continuously casting metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2031766A GB2031766A GB7931681A GB7931681A GB2031766A GB 2031766 A GB2031766 A GB 2031766A GB 7931681 A GB7931681 A GB 7931681A GB 7931681 A GB7931681 A GB 7931681A GB 2031766 A GB2031766 A GB 2031766A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- casting
- extrusion
- metal
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0602—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a casting wheel and belt, e.g. Properzi-process
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
In continuous casting using a casting mould with mould walls which move with the cast member, the metal cast (10) is held by at least one of the moving mould walls (2, 4) as it cools during transportation in the mould in the longitudinal direction, at a plurality of positions on the surface of the metal cast. A casting machine for use in this process includes casting mould with mould walls which are movable with the cast member, wherein at least one of the moving mould walls (2, 4) has recess portions (13) and/or raised portions (13, 14, 15) whose spacing in the direction of movement of the mould walls is less than the length at which inadmissably high shrinkage stresses occur in the metal cast during cooling in the mould. A suitable double-belt machine is described in addition to the wheel-and-belt machine illus- trated. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process and casting machine for continuously casting metal extrusions
This invention relates to a process for continuous casting of metal extrusions of an elongation-sensitive metal, particularly steel, in an extrusion casting mould with mould walls which move with the cast member. The invention also relates to a casting machine for carrying out this process.
Extrusion casting processes for casting metal extrusions have long been known, wherein the extrusion is formed in an extrusion casting mould which has mould walls which move with the cast member, for example by two metal belts with lateral boundary means or by a casting wheel with a metal cover belt. In the last-mentioned case, a peripheral groove in the casting wheel forms a part of the mould, while a circulating metal belt which covers the groove forms the other part of the mould. The known casting processes are very widely used in particular for producing copper and aluminium extrusions. It is usual to apply lubrication, for example by means of additive materials such as oil or carbon black, to prevent the liquid metal from baking on to the mould walls.The generally long phases of contact between the cast extrusion and the mould walls which move with the cast member mean however that there are unfavourable conditions with regard to longitudinal shrinkage of the cast member. These have the result that, with respect to shrinkage in regions of high friction, which are far apart, the longitudinal stresses can build up to such an extent that the permissible elastic elongation of the solidified or solidifying shell of the cast extrusion is exceeded, and transverse cracks are therefore formed in the material. In fact, this phenomenon is not normally to be observed in copper and aluminium, that is to say, in those materials in regard to which the known casting processes were hitherto predominantly used.
However, this phenomenon does occur to a substantial extent in metals which are sensitive to elongation or metals whose ducility is substantially less than that of copper. In particular, the above-mentioned phenomenon is to be observed when casting steel and metal alloys which have a tendency to a highly crystalline structure.
In a process of the kind set out hereinbefore, the problem of this invention is to prevent the formation of inadmissible longitudinal stresses and the disadvantageous consequences thereof in the cast metal extrusion, in particular transverse cracks in the metal extrusion, using simple means. The aim of the invention is also casting machines which are suitable for carrying out this process.
Accordingly the present invention provides a process for continuously casting metal extrusions of an elongation-sensitive metal, in an extrusion casting mould with mould walls which move with the cast member, in which the metal extrusion is form-lockingly held by at least one of the moving mould walls as it cools during transportation in the extrusion casting mould in the longitudinal direction, at a plurality of positions on the surface of the metal extrusion, and the distance between the holding positions is less than the value at which inadmissibly high shrinkage stresses occur in the metal extrusion during cooling thereof.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a casting machine for carrying out the foregoing process including an extrusion casting mould with mould walls which are movable with the cast member, wherein at least one of the moving mould walls has recess portions and/or raised portions whose spacing in the direction of movement of the mould walls is less than the value at which inadmissibly high shrinkage stresses occur in the metal extrusion during cooling in the extrusion casting mould.
The invention is based on the principle of fixing the extrusion during longitudinal shrinkage on cooling at spaced positions on adjacent mould walls, and making the distance between the fixing points so small that no inadmissible stresses and thus cracks can occur therebetween. In this way, the shrinkage stresses are uniformly distributed over a greater length of the extrusion so that local, inadmissably high stress peaks can be avoided.
Such fixing points or holding positions in respect of the extrusion can be provided by one or more of the mould walls which define the extrusion casting mould having a surface structure which differs from the smooth surface configuration of the mould walls. Thus, in the case of casting wheels with a cover belt, irregular surface configurations of this kind can be disposed either on the cylindrical inward mould wall, on the tapered side mould walls or on the cover belt. In the case of belt casting machines, the irregular surface configurations may be disposed on the two oppositely disposed belts or on the lateral mould walls. In this case, the irregular surface configurations may be provided in the form of flutes, scallops or prongs, local recess portions and raised portions, or in a similar manner.If the irregularities in the surface configuration are disposed on the belt side of the mould, they may be produced by suitable pressing or stamping of the belt. In this respect, care should be taken to ensure that sealed closure of the casting mould is maintained, that is to say, when the irregularities in the surface structure are on the cover belt of a casting wheel, such irregularities must be restricted in a transverse direction to the region of the casting mould cavity.
The invention is described in greater detail by means of embodiments of the invention with reference to eleven figures of drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic view from the side of a casting machine with a casting wheel,
Figure 2 shows a view on an enlarged scale in cross-section taken along line ll-ll of the casting wheel in Fig. 1,
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a belt casting machine from the side,
Figures 4 and 5 are a side view of a casting wheel with punctiform recessed portions in the cylindrical, inward mould wall, and a plan view of part of the casting wheel,
Figures 6 and 7 are a partly sectional side view of a casting wheel with punctiform raised portions in the cylindrical inward mould wall, and a plan view of part of the casting wheel,
Figure 8 is a partly sectional side view of a casting wheel whose cylindrical inner mould wall has transverse corrugations,
Figure 9 is a view of an enlarged scale of a section of the casting wheel of Fig. 8, with a cover belt lying thereon, the cover belt also being corrugated in the middle region,
Figure 10 shows a view in section taken along line X-X in Fig. 9, and
Figure 11 shows a diagrammatic view of the stress conditions in the cast extrusion when using the process according to the invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side view of a casting machine with a casting wheel 1 which is rotatable in a clockwise direction and which has a peripheral groove 2. Over a peripheral region of the casting wheel which is denoted by an angle 3, the peripheral groove 2 is covered by a cover belt 4 of steel, thereby forming over this peripheral region an extrusion casting mould 5 with moving mould walls. The belt 4 is guided by guide and tensioning rollers 6 and pressed against the outer periphery of the casting wheel 1. The necessary cooling action is produced in known manner by water spray nozzles (not shown) within and outside the casting wheel.The molten metal is continuously fed to the inlet end 9 of the extrusion casting mould 5 from a casting box 7 by way of a discharge nozzle 8; the metal is cooled within the mould walls moving therewith, solidifies, and leaves the outlet end 11 of the mould 5 in the form of a solidified metal extrusion 10.
When a steel extrusion is cast with a known casting machine of this kind, the steel extrusion may have transverse cracks, as a result of inadmissibly high shrinkage stresses in the steel, depending on the particular casting and cooling speeds. In order to avoid these defects, at least one of the moving mould walls in the casting machine according to the invention has raised portions and/or recess portions whereby the extrusion and the respective mould wall are fixed in position relative to each other at the above-mentioned positions.
until the solidified extrusion leaves the discharge end 11 of the mould 5. The maximum distance between these holding positions at, which the extrusion is held, in the direction of movement of the mould walls, that is to say, in the present case, in the peripheral direction of the casting wheel, is determined by the permissible longitudinal stresses in the extrusion.
Fig. 2 shows a view in section taken along line ll-ll in Fig. 1, on an enlarged scale. In this embodiment, holding positions for holding the extrusion 10 are provided in all four walls of the extrusion casting mould 5. The cylindrical inner wall 1 2 of the extrusion casting mould, that is to say, the bottom surface of the peripheral groove 2, has holding positions in the form of local recess portions 13, the side walls of the mould 5, that is to say, of the peripheral groove 2 of the casting wheel 1, have holding positions in the form of tapered projections 14, while the cylindrical outer wall of the mould, which is formed by the cover belt 4, has holding positions in the form of local raised portions 1 5. In the peripheral direction of the casting wheel, the recess portions and raised portions respectively are arranged at such a distance that they satisfy the above-indicated requirement. The permissible spacing can be determined by tests.
The irregularities in the mould walls of the extrusion casting mould are intended to ensure that, at the positions in question, the extrusion can no longer move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the mould wall, but nonetheless such irregularities should not make it substantially more difficult to release the extrusion from the peripheral groove 2 at the discharge end 11 of the extrusion casting mould. Therefore, it is recommended for the raised portions and the recess portions to be of a rounded form, while, if the side walls seem to require any holding positions at all, the irregularities should be of a configuration which takes account of the release movement by which the extrusion is released from the peripheral groove.
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic side view of a belt casting machine wherein the extrusion casting mould is formed by two circulating steel belts 30 and 31 and by lateral boundary means 32. Reference 33 denotes guide and tension ing rollers, while reference 34 denotes support rollers. The liquid metal is passed by a casting box 35 to the inlet end 36 of the casting mould whose walls move with the cast extrusion, the fluid metal leaving the discharge end 37 in the form of a solidified metal extrusion. In this case also, recess portions and/or raised portions are provided in the mould walls, in order to avoid the aboveindicated disadvantages when casting steel or materials of this kind. In particular the steel belt 30 or the steel belt 31 or both belts 30 and 31 are particularly suitable for the provision of such recess portions and/or raised portions.The nature of the holding positions for holding the cast member may be formed in a similar manner to that described with reference to the other examples.
Figs. 4 and 5 show a side view of a casting wheel 41 and a plan view of a section thereof. The casting wheel 41 has local recess portions 43 which are distributed in the bottom surface 42 of the peripheral groove, corresponding to the embodiment shown in
Fig. 2. Although in this embodiment the recess portions are in the form of spherical sections, the recess portions may also in the form of truncated cones, truncated pyramids, flutes or recess portions of another kind, provided that the recess portions fulfil the aboveindicated requirements, namely on the one hand, locally restraining the extrusion relative to the mould walls in the direction of movement thereof, as long as the extrusion is in the region of the extrusion casting mould, and on the other hand, releasing the extrusion without substantial impediment at the discharge end of the extrusion casting mould.
The distance between the restraining positions 43 is indicated by reference 44 in Fig.
5. It may not exceed the above-indicated magnitude, that is to say, its maximum magnitude must be such that inadmissibly high longitudinal stresses are avoided, when the extrusion solidifies in the extrusion casting mould.
Figs. 6 and 7 show a partly sectional side view and a plan view of part of a casting wheel 61, wherein the bottom surface 62 of the peripheral groove has spaced local raised portions 63 whose spacing 64 in the direction of movement of the mould walls also satisfies the above-stated requirements. The raised portions may also be of a shape which differs from that illustrated, that is to say, they may be in the form of a truncated cone, a truncated pyramid or the like.
In the embodiment given by way of example of a casting machine according to the invention, as shown in Figs. 8 to 10, wherein
Fig. 9 shows a view on an enlarged scale of a part of Fig. 8 with a cover belt and Fig. 10 shows a view in section taken along line X-X in Fig. 9, a casting wheel 81 has a corrugated surface structure in the base surface 82 of its peripheral groove. Thus, recess portions 83 and raised portions 84 which extend transversely with respect to the peripheral direction of the casting wheel are provided in the inner cylindrical mould wall. The middle region 86 (see Fig. 10) of the cover belt 85 which is shown in Figs. 9 and 10 is also of a corrugated configuration.The maximum width of the middle region 86 is determined by the width of the peripheral groove in the region of the outer diameter of the casting wheel, for it is necessary to ensure that the outer regions of the cover belt, which adjoin the middle region 86 on both sides thereof, can be applied sealingly against the outside surface of the casting wheel. This form of irregularity ensures particularly good release of the extrusion at the discharge end of the extrusion casting mould. The corrugation in the middle region of the cover belt 85 is stamped or pressed so that the belt can be produced in an inexpensive manner.
Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the stress conditions in the extrusion during cooling and shrinkage, as long as the extrusion is still in the extrusion casting mould. The surface structure of the extrusion casting mould corresponds to the surface structure of the mould in the casting machine of Figs. 8 to 10. For the purposes of illustrating the shrinkage conditions, the relative sizes are shown in highly distorted form. The stresses occurring in the extrusion 87 are indicated by arrows 88 and 91. In the region between the arrows 88 and 89, there are longitudinal stresses which are caused by shrinkage in the extrusion 87 and which must be held below the permissible limit by suitable selection of the distance between the support points.
Claims (11)
1. A process for continuously casting metal extrusions of an elongation-sensitive metal, in an extrusion casting mould with mould walls which move with the case member, in which the metal extrusion is form-lockingly held by at least one of the moving mould walls as it cools during transportation in the extrusion casting mould in the longitudinal direction, at a plurality of positions on the surface of the metal extrusion, and the distance between the holding positions is less than the value at which inadmissibly high shrinkage stresses occur in the metal extrusion during cooling thereof.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which the distance between the holding positions is less than the value at which cracks caused by inadmissible shrinkage stresses occur.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, including the use of a lubricant for reducing the friction between the holding positions.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the metal extrusion is form-lockingly held by linear recess portions and/or raised portions which extend transversely with respect to the axis of the metal extrusion.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the metal extrusion is form-lockingly held by spaced local recess portions and/or raised portions.
6. A casting machine for carrying out the process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, including an extrusion casting mould with mould walls which are movable with the cast member, wherein at least one of the moving mould walls has recess portions and/or raised portions whose spacing in the direction of movement of the mould walls is less than the value at which inadmissibly high shrinkage stresses occur in the metal extrusion during cooling in the extrusion casting mould.
7. A casting machine according to claim 6, wherein the recess portions and/or raised portions are linear and are arranged transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the mould walls.
8. A casting machine according to claim 6 or claim 7 wherein local recess portions and/ or raised portions are provided at distributed positions over the surface of the mould wall.
9. A casting maching according to claim 8 wherein the recess portion or raised portions are in the form of a spherical section, a cone section, a truncated cone, a groove or a rib respectively.
10. A casting machine according to any one of claims 6 to 9 wherein at least one mould wall is formed by a metal cover belt characterised by stamped or pressed recess portions and/or raised portions in the middle region of the belt.
11. A casting machine according to claim 10 having a corrugated structure in the middle of the cover belt.
1 2. A process for continuously casting metal extrusions, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 3. A casting machine for carrying out the process according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2842094A DE2842094C3 (en) | 1978-09-27 | 1978-09-27 | Movable continuous casting mold for stretch-sensitive metals, especially steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2031766A true GB2031766A (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| GB2031766B GB2031766B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
Family
ID=6050618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7931681A Expired GB2031766B (en) | 1978-09-27 | 1979-09-12 | Process and casting machine for continuously casting metal |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5827019B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2842094C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2437257A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2031766B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1119850B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57102994A (en) * | 1980-12-17 | 1982-06-26 | Neos Co Ltd | Additive for aqueous coal slurry |
| LU83262A1 (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1983-02-22 | Huwaert Leo Cloostermans | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ELONGATED ALUMINUM PRODUCT |
| JPS58223430A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1983-12-26 | Kao Corp | Aqueous dispersion stabilizer of fine coal powder |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2206930A (en) * | 1938-07-29 | 1940-07-09 | William R Webster | Continuous molding machine |
-
1978
- 1978-09-27 DE DE2842094A patent/DE2842094C3/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-09-11 FR FR7922668A patent/FR2437257A1/en active Granted
- 1979-09-12 GB GB7931681A patent/GB2031766B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-19 IT IT50293/79A patent/IT1119850B/en active
- 1979-09-27 JP JP54123329A patent/JPS5827019B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7950293A0 (en) | 1979-09-19 |
| JPS5545600A (en) | 1980-03-31 |
| FR2437257B1 (en) | 1983-10-28 |
| GB2031766B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| JPS5827019B2 (en) | 1983-06-07 |
| DE2842094A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| IT1119850B (en) | 1986-03-10 |
| DE2842094B2 (en) | 1981-04-16 |
| DE2842094C3 (en) | 1982-02-04 |
| FR2437257A1 (en) | 1980-04-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |