GB2026784A - Electrical plugs - Google Patents

Electrical plugs Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2026784A
GB2026784A GB7831180A GB7831180A GB2026784A GB 2026784 A GB2026784 A GB 2026784A GB 7831180 A GB7831180 A GB 7831180A GB 7831180 A GB7831180 A GB 7831180A GB 2026784 A GB2026784 A GB 2026784A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
plug
cable
cover
base
pins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7831180A
Other versions
GB2026784B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VOWELL C
Original Assignee
VOWELL C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VOWELL C filed Critical VOWELL C
Priority to GB7831180A priority Critical patent/GB2026784B/en
Publication of GB2026784A publication Critical patent/GB2026784A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2026784B publication Critical patent/GB2026784B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/50Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw
    • H01R4/5066Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw mounted in an insulating housing having a cover providing clamping force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/50Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H01R13/512Bases; Cases composed of different pieces assembled by screw or screws
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/58Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable
    • H01R13/585Grip increasing with strain force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/68Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in fuse

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical plug comprises a base AB in which three pins N, L, E are mounted and a cover AC which is screwed thereto. The bared ends of the conductors are clamped in V- section channels V1, V3, V4 formed in the heads of the pins (or fuse clips P, Q) by wedge-shaped projections W1, W3, W4 provided internally on the cover. As the screw is tightened the cover AC is deformed allowing each projection to be urged independently into the corresponding channel to the extent necessary to exert sufficient clamping pressure. Ducts U1, U2, U3 formed in the base AB define paths of equal length from the point of cable entry to the points of connection and are of a V-shaped section so as temporarily to grip the conductors before the cover can be screwed into place. The cable K is gripped between two opposed flanges X, Y which are formed of flexible and resilient material, mutually inclined in the direction of cable entry, and ribbed transversely of that direction. <IMAGE>

Description

- SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to electrical plugs This invention relates to electrical plugs for reception in socket outlets such as, for example, those of domestic 13 amp ring mains circuits.
A drawback of a conventional 1 3 amp 3-pin plug is that each of the bared conductors has to be inserted into a hole formed through the head of the pin and there be secured by a small screw or, in another common arrangement, passed around the neck of retaining screw. While such operations are simple for the professional electrician or handyman, many users find the operations involved in the wiring of plugs, for example in manipulation of tiny screws, quite difficult, particularly if a suitable screwdriver is not at hand.
An electrical plug has been proposed in which the pins are formed with extensions terminating in U-shaped grooves, the grooves being arranged in spaced side-by-side relationship near the entry point of the cable. The bared ends of the conductors are clamped in the respective grooves by means of pressure members depending from the cap and adapted to engage in the grooves. The cap may be formed to engage the base as a snap connection or be connected by screws or other fastening means.However, in the previous proposal no particular povision is made to ensure that conductors of different thicknesses can all be securely clamped orto accommodate differences in the effective thicknesses of the bared conductors of the same cable arising for example from the different dispositions of the strands of the conductors in the channels or inadvertent removal of some of the component strands during the baring operation. Equal clamping pressures cannot therefore be assured.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical plug for reception in a socket outlet, the plug comprising a base portion in which two or more pins are mounted and a cover which is securable to the base by screw means, the electrical connections of the bared ends of the conductors to the respective pins being achieved by the provision of V-section channels electrically connected to the pins and in which the bared ends of the respective conductors are held by co-operating wedge-shaped projections provided internally on the cover, the arrangement being such that as the screw means are tightened the cover is deformed allowing each projection to be urged into the corresponding channel to the extent necessary to exert full clamping pressure on the conductor lying therein.
Preferably the channels are formed across the heads of the pins and it is most preferred that the heads of the pins should have a forked or Y-shaped configuration, that is that the end portions of opposed side faces of the pin should be outwardly flared so that they may seat firmly against a corresponding shoulder formed at the top of the aperture in the base through which the pin passes. With this arrangement the projections serve not only to clamp the conductor in the V-shaped channel of the pin, but also to hold the pin securely in the base and prevent any substantial inward movement of the pin when the plug is inserted in the socket. A further advantage of this arrangement is that it enables the projections to be spaced sufficiently far apart from each other to be capable of independent movement.The clamping pressure exerted by each projection is thus dictated neither by the manner in which the cover is seated on the base nor by the extent to which a closely neighbouring projection is received in a channel. A preferred form of cover is one having a slightly domed central portion which is flattened slightly as a central screw is tightened beyond the point at which the perimeter of the cover is seated against the base. It will be appreciated that the conductors are already held in the channels by the projections when the cover is seated against the base, but that the further tightening of the screw enhances the clamping pressure and ensures good electrical connections.
It will be further appreciated that the disposition of the projections above the pins allows the plug to be designed with moulded grooves so that each lead may be of an equal length from the point ofentry of the cable into the plug.
Where the plug is fused it is convenient if the connection between the 'live' lead and a first fuse clip is made by utilising a similar arrangement, that is by providing the fuse clip with a V-shaped channel in which a corresponding wedge-shaped projection is receivable; and by forming the clip for the other end of the fuse with a projection of V-section such that it is receivable in a V-section channel formed in the head of the 'live' pin, thus allowing it to be clamped therein by a wedgeshaped projection in the same manner as that previously described in relation to conductors; alternatively the second clip for the other end of the fuse may be formed integrally with the 'live' pin, but here again it may be convenient to provide the head of the pin with a V-shaped channel in which a wedge-shaped projection is received simply for maintaining the pin in position.
Preferably the base is formed with V-shaped channels so that the insulations of the conductors laid therein are temporarily gripped until such time as the cover is placed in position on the base. A low melting-point sclder may be coated on the faces of the channels so that any heating resulting from a poor electrical connection causes the solder to melt and secure the wire to the pin.
Normally, however, it is found that if the pins are mounted in the base so that there is a very slight movement of the pins relative to the projections when the plug is inserted into and removed-from the socket-and this has been found to occur even when the pins are an interference fit in their respective apertures-the resultant wiping action helps to keep the connections free of build up of oxidation products and allows the conductors to settle into the best position in the channel to ensure good electrical conductivity.
If the base and cover are moulded integrally with a connecting hinge, not only is the number of separate parts reduced, but the correct location ot the projections relative to the channels is ensured and there is thus less likelihood of the conductors being accidentatly dislodged from the channels before the cover is in place. In a preferred embodiment the hinge is formed in two parts, extending one on each side of an aperture through a side wall of the base and cover through which the cable passes.
The one-piece moulding of the base and cover is also useful in connection with another aspect of the invention according to which there are provided improved forms of clamping means for clamping the cable to prevent tension in the cable from imposing strain on the electrical connections with the ends of the conductors. Conventionally a cable clamp comprises a bridging piece and two screws; such a clamp however is not easy to manipulate and adds to the complexity of the plug.
According to the present invention there is provided a cable clamp for an electrical appliance or fitting, such as a plug, into which a cable lead is passed, the clamp comprising two opposed flanges formed of flexible and resilient material between which the cable is passed, the flanges being mutually inclined in the direction of cable entry and ribbed transversely of that direction. One of the flanges is mounted on a part of the appliance or fitting which is separable from the part on which the other flange is mounted, such that when the two parts, for example the cover and base of an electrical plug, are brought together a cable positioned between the flanges firmly resists any outward pull.Alternatively, according to the second aspect of the invention, the clamping means comprise a plate having two mutually-inclined portions andan aperture extending each side of the line of intersection of the portions, the arrangement being such that, when a cable is passed through the aperture from the concave side of the plate, the sides of the aperture are deformed and grip the cable resisting any attempt to withdraw it. In an electrical plug the plate may be kept in position simply by four locating lugs.
The invention may of course be carried out in a variety of ways; however one particular embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a partly exploded perspective view of an electrical plug according to the invention in a closed condition; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the plug of Fig. 1 in an open condition; and, Figure 3 is a section of the plug in assembled form on the line Ill-Ill in Fig. 1.
The 13 amp 3-pin electrical plug shown in the drawings conforms to British Standard Specification No. 1363/A and has a casing which is formed as a one-piece moulding from semi-rigid PVC and which comprises a base AB connected to a cover AC by two integrally moulded hinge strips H lying one on each side of an aperture G for receiving a cable K; the cable K is shown only in outline and contains conventional live, neutral and earth leads, each comprising a conductor and a sheath of insulation.
The base AB is moulded with three apertures J for receiving respectively in an interference fit a neutral pin N, a live pin L and an earth pin E. Each aperture is formed with a pair of sloping shoulders and each pin is forked at its inner end to form a respective V-shaped channel V', V2, V3, the flared outer faces of which seat in the shoulders of the apertures J.
The live lead of the cable K is connected to the live pin L via a fuse F having end caps M1 and M2 and received in a carrier D. The fuse F is held in a transverse recess moulded into the underside of the base AB by a first fuse contact P which is received in a corresponding formation in the base AB and has a clip portion projecting into the recess for engaging the end cap M1 and, connected thereto by a bridging portion, a V-shaped portion V4 which is accessible from the inner and normally covered side of the base AB; and a second fuse contact Q which has a corresponding clip portion for engaging the cap M2 and a V-shaped portion for reception in the channel V2 of the live pin L.
To wire the plug the outer sheath is removed from the end portion of the cable K to expose the three leads and insulation removed from the end portions of the leads to a length equivalent to that of the channel V1.Afterpassing the cable through the aperture G the insulated portions of the neutral, live and earth leads are placed respectively in the V-section ducts Ut, U2 and U3 moulded in the base AB and the bared conductors laid in the channels V1, V4 and V3 respectively; the conductors are temporarily held in position by virtue of the configuration of the V-shaped ducts which temporarily grip the insulation around the conductors.The cover AC is then closed about the hinges H over the base AB to assume the position shown in Fig. 3 with the effect that four wedgeshaped projections W1, W2, W3 and W4 from the underside of the cover AC are received in the channels Vt, V2, V3 and V4 respectively thus clamping the bared ends of the conductors directly in the corresponding heads of the neutral pin N, earth pin E and the channel portion V4 of the connector P, and the V-shaped portion of the fuse contact Q in the head of the live pin L. A further consequence of closing the cover over the base is that the cable K is gripped between a flexible flange X moulded integrally with the base AB and a corresponding flexible flange Y moulded integrally with the cover AC. The grip of the flanges X and Y and the resistance consequently offered to tension applied to the cable is enhanced by inwardly directed serrations formed in their engaging faces.
A central internal projection Z on the cover AC is threaded to receive a captive screw S set in a counter sunk hole Deformed in the base AB within the fuse recess. When the cover AC is closed and the screw tightened sufficiently to hold the cover in a position in which it is seated against the base AB but which is not sufficient to deform it, that is in the condition shown in Fig. 3, the conductors are clamped in position in the V-shaped channels by the wedge-shaped projections.However when the screw 5 is further tightened the domed part of the cover AC, being formed of only semi-rigid plastics material is slightly flattened and each of the projections W1 to W4 is urged further into the corresponding channel, thus enhancing the electrical connections; moreover the differential amount by which the projections may enter the channels due to their wide separation across the inside face of the cover AC enables any difference in the effective thickness of the conductors arising for example from different dispositions of the component strands to be compensated.
It will be appreciated that the above-described plug affords a number of advantages over a conventional 1 3 amp 3-pin plug; these advantages may be enumerated as follows 1) The plug according to the invention has far fewer component parts and is simpler to manufacture than a conventiona! plug; 2) the cable is clamped and all the electrical connections thereto are made by means of a single screw and the plug therefore much easier to wire up than a conventional plug; 3) the path of each lead from the cable clamp to the point of connection is of the same length and there is therefore no need for differential shortening of the leads; 4) despite the fact that the connections are formed by tightening a single srew the construction permits differential entry of the projections into the respective channels;; 5) the plug will accept and securely clamp cable sheathings of a wide range of diameters thus preventing tension on the cable from imposing a strain on the connections of the conductors tp the respective terminals; 6) the fuse is accessible without having to open the plug but the fuse holder is protected and invisible when the plug is inserted in a socket outlet; 7) the very slight relative movement between the V-shaped channels and the respective wedgeshaped projections engendered when the plug is inserted into or withdrawn from a socket outlet ensures that the conductors are disposed to the best advantage in the channels to ensure good electrical conductivity; moreover the wiping action caused by the relative movement helps to keep the terminals and conductors clean and free from oxidation products.
Finally, it will be appreciated that an externally accessible fuse, such as that described above, may be very advantageously used in a plug to be moulded integrally with the flexible cable of an appliance in accordance with the practice in many continental and foreign countries where the regulations require that an appliance must be sold with the plug already fitted.

Claims (20)

1. An electrical plug for reception in a socket outlet, the plug comprising a base portion in which two or more pins are mounted and a cover which is securable to the base by screw means, the electrical connections of the bared ends of the conductors to the respective pins being achieved by the provision of V-section channels electrically connected to the pins and in which the bared ends of the respective conductors are held by cooperating wedge-shaped projections provided internally on the cover, the arrangement being such that as the screw means are tightened the cover is deformed allowing each projection to be urged into the corresponding channel to the extent necessary to exert sufficient clamping pressure on the conductor lying therein.
2. A plug as claimed in Claim 1, in which the channels are formed across the heads of the pins.
3. A plug as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, in which the surfaces of the channels have a coating of low melting point soldered thereon.
4. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim, in which opposed side faces of the pins are outwardly flared and the apertures through the base of the plug through which the pins pass are formed with corresponding shoulders against which the heads of the respective pins seat when clamping pressure is exerted thereon.
5. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the cover has a slightly domed central portion and the screw means include a central screw arranged to cause flattening of the dome as the central screw is tightened beyond the point at which the perimeter of the cover is seated against the base.
6. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim and additionally comprising a fuse holder having two clips, one of which is formed with a V-shaped channel in which a lead is clampable by a corresponding projection depending from the cover.
7. A plug as claimed in Claim 6, in which the other of said clips is formed with a projection which is clampable against the head of a currentcarrying pin.
8. A plug as. claimed in Claim 6, in which the other of said clips is permanently connected to, or is integral with, the head of a current-carrying pin.
9. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the base is-formed with ducts for the reception of the respective conductors, the ducts defining paths of equal lengths from the point of entry of the conductors into the plug to the points of respective connection.
10. A plug as claimed in Claim 9, in which the ducts are of a configuration such as to grip an insulated conductor pressed thereinto.
11. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim and additionally comprising at the point of entry into the plug of a cable comprising said conductors, a cable clamp having two opposed flexible and resilient flanges formed integrally with the base and cover respectively, the flanges being mutually inclined in the direction of cable entry and ribbed transversely of that direction.
12. A plug as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 10 and additionally comprising near the point of cable entry a cable clamp comprising a plate having two mutually inclined portions and an aperture extending each side of the line of intersection of the portions, the arrangement being such that, when a cable is passed through the aperture from the concave side of the plate, the sides of the aperture are deformed and grip the cable, resisting outward pull thereon.
13. A plug as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the base and cover are joined by an integrally moulded hinge portion or portions.
14. A plug as claimed in Claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
1 5. An electrical plug substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
16. A cable clamp for an electrical appliance or fitting such as a plug, into which a cable or lead is passed, the clamp comprising two opposed flanges formed of flexible and resilient material between which the cable is passed, the flanges being mutually inclined in the direction of cable entry and ribbed transversely of that direction, and one of said flanges being mounted on a part of the appliance or fitting which is separable from the part on which the other flange is mounted, the arrangement being such that when the two parts, for example the cover and base of an electrical plug, are brought together a cable positioned between the flanges firmly resists any outward pull.
17. A modification of the clamp as claimed in Claim 16, in which the clamping means comprise a plate having two mutually-inclined portions and an aperture extending each side of the line of intersection of the portions, the arrangement being such that, when a cable is passed through the aperture from the concave side of the plate, the sides of the aperture are deformed and grip the cable resisting any attempt to withdraw it.
18. A clamp as claimed in Claim 16 and substantially as herein described.
19. A cable clamp substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
20. The features as herein disclosed, or their equivalents in any novel selection.
GB7831180A 1978-07-26 1978-07-26 Electrical plugs Expired GB2026784B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7831180A GB2026784B (en) 1978-07-26 1978-07-26 Electrical plugs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7831180A GB2026784B (en) 1978-07-26 1978-07-26 Electrical plugs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2026784A true GB2026784A (en) 1980-02-06
GB2026784B GB2026784B (en) 1983-02-09

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ID=10498675

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7831180A Expired GB2026784B (en) 1978-07-26 1978-07-26 Electrical plugs

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2140223A (en) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-21 Joseph Michael Paul Criscuolo Electrical connection devices, for example mains plugs
WO1987000977A1 (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-12 Hugh Heathcote Gilbert Improvements in electrical plugs
GB2193852A (en) * 1986-08-11 1988-02-17 Johnson Electric Ind Mfg Clamping wire to terminal of motor
US4943246A (en) * 1987-02-03 1990-07-24 Gilbert Hugh H Electrical connector for wire connection
GB2242576A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 William Arthur Horace Spencer Electrical plugs
GB2276781A (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Clamason Ind Ltd Improvements relating to electrical plugs
GB2282494A (en) * 1993-09-22 1995-04-05 Nifco Inc Plug for electric wire
GB2292641A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-02-28 David Edward Paul Criscuolo Electric Coupler
US8597049B2 (en) * 2011-07-19 2013-12-03 Cooper Technologies Company Modular open fuse holder
EP3465840A4 (en) * 2016-06-02 2020-05-20 New Crescent Pty Ltd Casing for connecting power cords

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2140223A (en) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-21 Joseph Michael Paul Criscuolo Electrical connection devices, for example mains plugs
WO1987000977A1 (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-12 Hugh Heathcote Gilbert Improvements in electrical plugs
GB2198598A (en) * 1985-08-09 1988-06-15 Hugh Heathcote Gilbert Improvements in electrical plugs
GB2198598B (en) * 1985-08-09 1989-08-31 Hugh Heathcote Gilbert Improvements in electrical plugs
GB2193852A (en) * 1986-08-11 1988-02-17 Johnson Electric Ind Mfg Clamping wire to terminal of motor
US4812693A (en) * 1986-08-11 1989-03-14 Johnson Electrical Industrial Manufactory, Limited Solderless connection for an electric motor
US4943246A (en) * 1987-02-03 1990-07-24 Gilbert Hugh H Electrical connector for wire connection
GB2242576A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 William Arthur Horace Spencer Electrical plugs
GB2276781A (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Clamason Ind Ltd Improvements relating to electrical plugs
GB2276781B (en) * 1993-03-31 1997-09-10 Clamason Ind Ltd Improvements relating to electric plugs
GB2282494A (en) * 1993-09-22 1995-04-05 Nifco Inc Plug for electric wire
GB2292641A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-02-28 David Edward Paul Criscuolo Electric Coupler
GB2292641B (en) * 1994-07-27 1999-02-10 David Edward Paul Criscuolo Electric coupler
US8597049B2 (en) * 2011-07-19 2013-12-03 Cooper Technologies Company Modular open fuse holder
EP3465840A4 (en) * 2016-06-02 2020-05-20 New Crescent Pty Ltd Casing for connecting power cords

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee