GB2025740A

GB2025740A - Noiseeliminating circuit

Info

Publication number: GB2025740A
Application number: GB7924658A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Clarion Co Ltd
Current assignee: Faurecia Clarion Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 1978-07-17
Filing date: 1979-07-16
Publication date: 1980-01-23
Also published as: NL7905538A; AU4897479A; SE437593B; NL188003C; US4301541A; GB2025740B; AU529950B2; DE2928874A1; SE7906153L; JPS5514735A; JPS6019172B2; DE2928874C2

Description

1 GB 2 025 740 A 1

SPECIFICATION

Noise eliminating circuit This invention relates to a circuit for eliminating a pulsive noise contained in an input signal and more particularly to a circuit of the type suitably employable for an AM or FM receiver mounted in a car.

According to the present invention there is provided a noise eliminating circuit comprising an input for rL-ceiving a radio input signal, noise extracting means for extracting a noise component from the input signal, trigger means for producing a trigger pulse in response to the extracted noise component applied thereto, an output, a signal path extending from the input to the output, gate means for cutting off the signal 10 path when the trigger pulse is applied thereto and level detector means for providing an output to the trigger means when a level of the input signal is greater than a predetermined level the trigger means further producing a trigger pulse in response to the output of the level detector means.

The invention is applicable to an FM receiver as well as an AM receiver.

Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying 15 drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a known circuit; Figure 2 is an operational waveform chart with respect to a short pulsive noise; Figure 3 is an operational waveform chart with respect to a long pulsive noise; Figure 4 is a block diagram of a noise eliminating circuit embodying the present invention; Figure 5 is an explanatory view of operation of the circuit illustrated in Figure 4; Figure 6 is an explanatory view of level setting of a level detecting circuit; Figure 7 is a specific circuit diagram of the noise eliminating circuit in accordance with the invention; Figure 8 is another specific circuit diagram of the noise eliminating circuit in accordance with the invention, showing only a principal portion thereof; and Figure 9 is a waveform chartfor explanation of the operation of the circuit illustrated in Figure 8.

There has been known a circuit capable of eliminating, in a demodulation operation, a pulsive noise caused for example by a sparking plug in an engine when the pulsive noise interferes with an input signal.

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of the known circuit. More particularly, an input signal IN is detected by a detecting circuit 1, and an audio output signal is fed to an output OUTthrough a gate circuit 2. The audio 30 output signal is also fed to an amplifier 3. An output from the amplifier 3 is applied to a band pass filter 4to extract a noise signal component therefrom. In general, a pulsive noise includes a component of a frequency higher than that of an odinary audio signal, and accordingly a pass band of the band pass filter 4 is set to such a frequency band. An output from the band pass filter 4 is applied to an input of a trigger pulse generator 5. The pulse generator 5 is adapted to generate a pulse of a given level as long as an input is supplied thereto. During the holding time of the pulse, the gate 2 is in the nonconducting state.

Figure 2 is an operational waveform chart of the circuit illustrated in Figure 1. Marks (a) to (c) indicate waveforms at points designated by the corresponding marks with x in Figure 1. Stated illustratively, when a pulsive noise as illustrated in Figure 2 (a) appears at the output of the amplifier 3, a waveform of high frequency component (a differentiated waveform) as illustrated in Figure 2 (b) appears at the output of the 40 band pass filter 4. During the interval, a gate control pulse illustrated in Figure 2 (c) is outputed from the pulse generator 5.

The known circuit as mentioned above is of a rapid response type and has such a characteristic that it can afford an excellent operation when an interfering pulsive noise is relatively short, but will possibly cause leakage of a noise signal into an output OUT when the amplitude of the noise is large andlor the holding time 45 of the noise is relatively long. This phenomenon has been carefully studied by the inventors of the present invention and the following facts have been revealed: when a pulse of large amplitude andlor considerable length enters the input of the circuit, the amplifier 3 is caused to saturate and the output thereof has a waveform of a trapezoid as illustrated in Figure 3 (a); as a result, a high frequency component appearing at the output of the band pass filter 4 is as illustrated in Figure 3 (b); and therefore the gate control pulse 50 dutputted by the pulse generator 5 is divided into two pulses as illustrated in Figure 3 (c), so thatthe gate circuit 2 is conductive during the time interval of T.

Referring now to the drawings Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a noise eliminating circuit embodying the invention. An input signal IN is led to a detecting circuit 1. An output of the detecting circuit 1 is coupled to an output OUTthrough a gate circuit 2. Another output of the detecting circuit 1 is coupled to a band pass 55 filter 4through an amplifier 3 and an output of the band pass filter 4 is coupled to an input of a trigger pulse generator 5. Still another output of the detecting circuit 1 is connected to an input of a level detecting circuit 6 whose output is coupled to another input of the trigger pulse generator 5. An output of the trigger pulse generator 5 is connected to a control input of the gate circuit 2.

In the arrangement of the circuit as mentioned above, it will be seen that in a normal state where no noise 60 enters, the gate circuit 2 is conducting and an output of the detecting circuit 1 appears at the output OUT. On the other hand, when a pulsive noise interferes with an input signal, a signal appears at the output of the band pass filter 4 in a similar manner to that of the known circuit illustrated in Figure 1 and the trigger pulse generator 5 is driven during the appearance of the signal. A pulse outputted from the pulse generator 5 controls the gate circuit 2 so as to cease conducting. During the interval, no signal appears at the output OUT 65 2 GB 2 025 740 A 2 and the noise is eliminated.

Now is discussed a case where a noise of large amplitude andlor long duration interferes with an input signal. Figures 5 (a) to (f) illustrate waveforms at points designated by the corresponding marks in Figure 4.

When a noise of large amplitude and/or long duration enters the circuit, the amplifier 3 is caused to saturate and the output waveform therefrom is as illustrated in a solid- line in Figure 5 (a). In this state, the 5 output of the band pass filter 4 is as illustrated in Figure 5 (b) and the control pulse formed therefrom is divided as illustrated in Figure 5 (c) in a similar manner as described in relation with Figures 1 and 3.

The level detecting circuit 6 is adapted to output a signal as long as an input thereto exceeds a preset level.

The preset level corresponds to a level indicated by a one dot-and-chain line in Figure 5 (a) and is preferably set at a level slightly lower than the level where the amplifier 3 is saturated. In this connection it is to be noted 10 that the waveform of Figure 5 (a) is taken at the output of the amplifier 4 and the input to the level detecting circuit 6 means an input level of the amplifier 3 corresponding to the level L. As long as the input to the level detecting circuit 6 exceeds the preset level, a signal as illustrated in Figure 5 (d) is generated from the output thereof. The signal (d) is an input to the trigger pulse generator 5 and added to the output signal from the band pass filter 4. As a result, the trigger pulse generator 5 is driven by a time relation as illustrated in Figure 15 (e), and a pulse illustrated in Figure (f) which lasts from the beginning of the noise to the ending thereof appears at the output thereof. The gate circuit is controlled by the pulse and turned off for the duration of the pulse. Thus, no noise appears at the output OUT.

The setting of the level to be detected by the level detecting circuit 6 will be more specifically explained referring to Figure 6. Figure 6 illustrates outputs of the detecting circuit 1 relative to a carrier level of an input 20 signal IN. As to a signal S, when the carrier level is increased, AGC becomes operative so thatthe detection output is maintained at a given level L, and does not exceed the level. As to a noise N, since the duration thereof is relatively short, AGC does not operate and the detection output is raised to an amplifier saturating level L2. Accordingly, it is preferred that the detection level by the level detecting circuit 6 be setfor example at a position of LO intermediate the levels L, and L2.

Figure 7 shows a specific example of the noise eliminating circuit embodying the present invention. This circuit is suitable for discrete component parts. The level detecting circuit 6 is formed of a series circuit of two diodes - D3 and D4 and a resistor R8. The output of the detecting circuit 1 exceeds a given level, the diodes D3 and D4 conduct and a signal is supplied directly to the input of the trigger pulse generator 5.

Figure 8 illustrates a principle portion of another specific example of the noise eliminating circuit. This 30 example is suitable for semiconductor integrated circuits. To a terminal 11 is supplied an input signal before the detection (a branched signal of the signal from the input IN of Figure 1). To a terminal 12 is applied a control pulse output (the output from the trigger pulse generator 5 in Figure 1). Transistors G, and G2 and transistors C13 and Q4 are transistors of the same type, respectively. The terminal 11 is connected in common to the bases of the transistors Q, and Q2. A resistor R, is inserted between the emitter of the transistor Q, and 35 the ground. A series circuit of resistors R2 and R3 and a capacitor C, is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q2 and the ground. On the other hand, the transistors Q3 and Q4 are connected each other with their emitters connected in common each other and have a constant current circuit 10 inserted between their emitters and the ground. The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q, and the base of the transistor Q4 is connected to a resistor divided point of the emitter circuit of the transistor Q2. 40 The transistors Q3 and Q4 function as a differential current switch circuit. The operational state of the differential current switch circuit is detected by a diode D, and a resultant signal is taken out from the terminal 12 by a transistor QB.

In this arrangement, since the transistors Q, and Q2 are the same type transistors and their bases are in common, potentials appearing at their emitters are equal to each other. However, since the capacitor C, is 45 connected to the emitter of the transistor Q2, the input signal at the terminals 11 is an envelope of its carrier after it is subjected to the detection. Therefore, the waveforms of voltages V, and V2 in Figure 9 are as illustrated in Figure 7. More particularly, the voltage V, assumes a waveform (sinusoidal in case as illustrated) of a carrier, starting at a value V1(0) when the carrier is zero. On the other hand, the voltage V2 assumes an envelope of a carrier waveform starting at a value V2(0) when the carrier is zero.

Therefore, as can be seen from Figure 9 since there is normally a relation V1>V2, the transistor Q3 is in conduction and the transistor Q4 is in the nonconducting state.

When a signal of large amplitude is supplied to the input IN and the voltage V, exceeds a normal amplitude A and increases to an amplitude A + B, the above-mentioned relation is inverted to Vl''-V2 since the voltage V2 is substantially constant due to the function of the capacitor C,. At this time, the differential 55 switch circuit formed of the transistors Q3 and Q4 is inverted. Then, a current 10 all flows into the transistor Q4, setting up a voltage across the diode D,. The transistor Q5 then conducts to feed a signal to the terminal 12.

If the amplitude of the voltage V, is varied violently by a noise, the relations V1>V2 and V1<V2 alternate violently. This may be suitably smoothed by a time constant of the switch circuit formed of the transistors G3 and Q4 or a time constant of a gate circuit connected to the terminal 12.

Figure 9 and the above-mentioned relation between A and B can be quantitatively expressed as follows:

B Vl(o). R2 - A R2 + R3 The amplitude detection level may be determined from the equation.

k f ik 3 GB 2 025 740 A 3 The circuit of Figure 9 may be effectively utilized also for an FM signal before detected.

As mentioned above, in accordance with the invention, the gate circuit can continuously operate without intermission against a noise of large amplitude and/or long duration to effectively cut out the noise. The neise eliminating circuit of this invention has an excellent effect when applied to a car AM/FM radio receiver 5 which suffers from serious noise due to sparking in an engine.

Claims

1. A noise eliminating circuit comprising an input for receiving a radio input signal, noise extracting means for extracting a noise component from the input signal, trigger means for producing a trigger pulse in 10 response to the extracted noise component applied thereto, an output, a signal path extending from the inputto the output, gate means for cutting off the signal path when the trigger pulse is applied thereto and level detector means for providing an output to the trigger means when a level of the input signal is greater than a predetermined level the trigger means further producing a trigger pulse in response to the output of the level detector means.

2. A circuit as claimed in claim 1 further comprising audio detector means for detecting an audio signal from the input signal, the audio detecting means being disposed in the signal path such that the input signal fed to the noise extracting means and the level detector means is the detected audio signal.

3. A circuit as claimed in claim 2 wherein the level detector means comprises at least one resistance means connected in series with at least one diode.

4. A circuit as claimed in claim 1 comprising first and second current paths differential current switch means connected in the current paths and having first and second inputs associated with the first and second current paths respectively, means for feeding a greater current to the first input than to the second input to maintain the first current path conducting and the second current path open, whenever the input signal is less than a predetermined level and for feeding a greater current to the second input than to the first 25 input to open the first current path and maintain the second current path conducting, whenever the input signal is greater than the predetermined level and means for providing a trigger pulse whenever the second current path is conducting.

5. A circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for feeding current comprises first and second transistors having their emmitters connected to the first and second inputs of the switch means respectively, 30 their bases connected to the input and their collectors connected to a common point, each of the emitters being connected to earth through resistance means, and a capacitance means connected in parallel with the emitter resistance means of the second transistor.

6. A noise eliminating circuit as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims wherein the noise extracting means includes an amplifier and a band pass filter, the predetermined level in said level detector means 35 being determined to be lower than the saturation level of said amplifier.

7. A noise eliminating circuit as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings of Figure 4 as modified by Figure 7 or Figure

8.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon Surrey, 1980. Published by the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.