12,683. Houldcroft, A. T. May 25. [Cognate Application 15,757/11.] Sides, floors, roofs, partitions, and framing.-A railway-carriage body is built up with a number of transverse metal frames, comprising vertical side members and upper members forming roof sticks, connected together longitudinally by waist and cant rails, or waist, cant, and crib rails, and having sheet material applied to form air - spaces in the roof and side walls that are in free communication with the atmosphere. The main frames are of angle, T, or channel section, and comprise vertical members a<1>, Fig. 3, upper transverse portions a<2>, and lower transverse portions a<3>, which may extend right across the body. These and additional door or window pillars are connected longitudinally by crib rails b, waist rails d, and cant-rails. The cantrails may be in two parts c<1>, c<2> as shown in Fig. 3, or they may be channel-bars c, as shown in Fig. 7. The frames are further braced by diagonal stays f both transversely and longitudinally, and additional transverse bracing is provided by partitions h, Fig. 2, and end walls i. If of metal, the partitions h are secured to the main frames, but if they are of wood, the upper and lower corners of the frames are braced by diagonal tie-bars. The side pillars are secured to the sole bars o by integral feet as shown in Fig. 7 or by separately-fixed feat. The roof has outer and inner covers s, s<1>, t, t<1> arranged as shown in Figs. 3 or 18. The parts s<1> are of metal or asbestos board aud the parts s of wood, millboard, or metal, and are provided with ventilators. The sides have inner and outer walls q, r, leaving an air-space open at the bottom a<5> and communicating with the hollow roof. The pillars p forming the window frames are preferably of channel section with their flanges arranged as shown in Fig. 6 to facilitate the attachment of the walls q<2>, r<2>. The outer walls are of metal or asbestos board and the inner walls of asbestos or millboard. Ribs p<1>, p<2> are rolled in the pillars p to form guides for the window or louvre frames, the central rib p<1> extending to the top of the window. Upper ribs p<3> form guides for wire screens 5. The waist rails are either formed with sloped flanges d<1>, Fig. 7, to drain away moisture, or separate flanges are provided. The window or louvre frames C, D, E rest on the flanges d<1> and rails d<2>, d<3> when closed and upon wooden or rubber stops 10 carried by rails 9 when open. A frame 6 retains the screen 5 and a stop f<1> the frame E. The screen 5 rests on rails 7, 7<a> in its lower and upper positions. In a modification the pillars p are of trough section and the runs for the windows are formed by securing narrow channel section bars on their transverse flanges. The corner pillars have additional integral or separately secured flanges 15 to which are secured cover plates 16 forming part of or separate from the outer walls. Lateral openings for ventilating the interior of the carriage may be provided above the windows, the outer one being either left open or provided with a sliding panel. In the form shown in Fig. 18, the roof space communicates with the atmosphere through gauze or perforated metal screens 20 and through passages 22 between sheet material 23, 24 the lower ends of the passages 22 being controlled by hinged flaps 27 which may be operated by the passengers. Ventilators may be provided in the ceiling. Fig. 20 shows a modification in which the flanged side panels are curved outwardly beyond the plane of the main frames to increase the interior accommodation. A fixed window frame 48 is provided in this case, and a small window 52 may be used which slides in guides 48<a> in the frame 48. To the upper edge of the frame 48 or an angle-bar 49 is hinged a ventilating window flap 50. A pressed-steel member 53 fitting the bay formed by the curved panel forms a support for one end of a transverse seat. Carriages..-A vehicle having panels of this type may be divided into nine compartments by four full partitions and four partitions extending a part of the way up, the central compartment being bounded by two full partitions. The carriage shown in Fig. 2 is divided by the partitions h into three compartments. Groups of transverse seats 41 are arranged as shown so that the doorways lead on to standing spaces 43, the doors opening in each case against a seat back.