18,260. Ferranti, S. Z. de. Aug. 23. Spindle apparatus; rollers and roller heads; stopmotions; building- motions. - Relates t o improvements on the inventions described inSpecifications No. 18,047, A.D. 1903, and No. 11,558, A.D. 1904. In air - lubricated ring flyers driven by turbines of the Pelton or de Laval type, the non-rotating part of the bearing is supported in a yielding manner in order that the rotating part may rotate steadily under an unbalanced load. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the non-rotating tube h is packed with rings i of india-rubber or with springs, or an air cushion is provided between the tube and its casing a. The effect of this air cushion may be increased by providing several closely-fitting tubes between the tube h and its casing a. The ring flyer is driven by the shielded turbine s, the exhaust air from which is caused wholly or partially to support the weight of the ring flyer by acting upon the balancing-flange o. The parts may be arranged variously The ring flyer m may be supported on the outside of its casing and bent over so as to pass down the inside thereof, and, to prevent ballooning, it may be provided with an extension m<1> and with a guide-eye 69 placed near the lower end of its inner surface. In place of a single eye 69, a notched ring, or a series of hooks formed of wire &c., may be provided. For further preventing ballooning between the ring flyer and the rollers, the thread may be passed through a split ring 78, Fig. 32, having a concave inner surface, along which a current of air from a jet 79 is caused to circulate for carrying round the yarn. The ring is reversible for use with spindles running in either direction. Fig. 3 represents a suitable form of bobbincarrying dragged spindle. The bobbin is placed on a tapered tube u, which rotates, with a suitable air clearance, upon a flexibly-supported bearing v, and is connected at its upper end to the spindle 2, which rests on a footstep 8 secured in the spring- supported bush 5 ; the spindle carries near its lower end a helical pinion for driving the rollers, and is provided with a spiral groove 16 and discs 4 for facilitating the circulation of lubricant from a trough in the spindle rail, the lubricant thrown off by the discs 4 passing downwards through grooves on the outside of the bush 5 &c. To facilitate lubrication, the footstep end of the spindle may be flat and provided with curved grooves, and the plug 8 and also the spindle may be centrally perforated. Part of the dead weight of the rotating parts may be transferred from the foot 8 to a flange on the lower end of the tube u, or may be taken up by air pressure. Friction gearing, which may be adjustable for wear, may be used in place of the spur gearing shown in Fig. 3, for driving the shaft 27 connected with the rollers. When winding bobbins of small diameter, oillubricated bearings are used, the parts shown in Fig. 3 being made of smaller diameter and the bush 5 omitted. Also, the rollers may be driven by gearing from the lower end of the bobbin carrier. A number of spindles may be supplied with lubricant under pressure from a common trough in the splindle rail ; and the rotating bobbin carrier may also dip into the oil trough and be provided with vanes, which, by their centrifugal action, facilitate the circulation of the oil through the axial aperture in the spindle 8 and through the bearings. The spindle or wire 2 may be of a square or fluted section and twisted. Various means are described for regulating the amount of drag which is applied to the lagging part of the spindle apparatus according to the diameter of the bobbin &c. These comprise the use of electric or magnetic apparatus, of a partially-enclosed air fan, or of a mechanical brake which puts no side strain on the lagging part. Fig. 35 shows an example of the first method. A squirrel-cage or like rotor 83 is attached to the rotating part and is controlled by an electromagnet 84, the power of which is regulated by means of a variable resistance 86 in the circuit of the coils, by raising or lowering the magnet with regard to the cage, or by providing a keeper 90 and means for adjusting the positions of the keeper and magnet with regard to one another. In Fig. 39, a fan is shown arranged between two perforated plates 101, the retardation being controlled by adjusting the position of the annular baffle-plate 103 which regulates the exhaust. Figs. 41 and 42 are examples of balanced mechanical brakes. In Fig. 41, two brake bands 107, 111 are shown attached respectively to fixed points 108, 112, and, after passing around the rotating part 104 and, in the case of the band 107, around a guidepulley 109, are attached to a spring-bar 110. In Fig. 42, a single band 117 and two guide-pulleys 119, 120 are used. Fig. 44 shows a delivery cup similar to those described in Specification No. 18,047, A.D. 1903. It is mounted in flexible, air-lubricated bearings and is fitted with a driving- turbine 125 and with a lid secured by centrifugal force. The thread passes from the bobbin within the cup and through a cylindrical extension in the lid to a "retarder" 129 and a pivoted guide 135 through which water is allowed to drip into the chamber 128 in the lid. This arrangement is called a " water-neck." The " retarder " may consist of a piece of spirally-twisted wire, or of a pair of spring clips which are pressed together by centrifugal force. The lid and water-neck may, however, be dispensed with, the material being led downwards through a central tube within the cup. When winding into a cup, as described in the prior Specification, the interior of the cup may be divided into compartments by annular division plates, and the guide 285, Fig. 82, which lays the material in the several compartments of the cup, is given a uniform traverse motion by means of a cam 296, and also an intermittent longitudinal motion by means of a cam 299, both cams acting by means of pawl levers upon the toothed bar 293. The cup is fitted with a driving-turbine which is so arranged that the exhaust air from the turbine acts on the bottom of the cup and serves for balancing it. For stopping the machine automatically when an end breaks, each end is passed between two series of fingers 262, Fig. 76, mounted on spring-rods 264, which also carry lugs for disengaging a stop rod 253. The movement of the stop rod may be caused to operate a baffle so as to place it in front of the turbine jet, to move the pivoted turbine jet away from the buckets, or to operate a brake &c. In order that the air-driven parts may be air-supported during the stoppage, the air for driving and supporting the rotating parts may be supplied by separate jets, and one or both sets of jets be arranged to be affected by the stop-motion. The torque is thus lessened without introducing friction. The air supply is preferably warmed or dried and filtered. Methods of working turbines and motors under various conditions are described, reference being made to Specification No. 9495, A.D. 1904, [Abridgment Class Rotary engines &c.]. In some of these, the jets are made of a double conical form. Fig. 80 shows a general arrangement of machine, in which the trough-shaped spindle rails 15 are carried by levers 282, oscillated by the heart cam 278 and levers 280, 281. The Specification describes also another general arrangement of machine for spinning from bobbins into a cup and out of the latter on to a drum-driven bobbin. In order that either right or left hand twist may be imparted to the material as desired, the turbines are provided with two sets of double buckets 39, Fig. 15, arranged oppositely and each provided with actuating-jets 43, 44 which may be brought into operation as desired. In a modification, Fig. 16, a sharp - edged ring 41 divides the two sets of oppositely-arranged single buckets 42, the working fluid impinging against the side of the dividing-ring as shown. Various arrangements of levers, valves, &c. are described for bringing into or out of operation, in respect of a number of spindles simultaneously, either of the sets of turbine blades as desired. In whichever direction the spindles are driven, the material is passed in the same direction through the rollers, either by interposing reversing-gear, such as a three bevel wheel and clutch arrangement, or a disc and roller friction arrangement, between the shaft 27 and the rollers, or, in the case of doubling- frames having a single pair of rollers only, by threading the material through the rollers differently as indicated in Figs. 20 and 21. Various arrangements of friction, worm, and other gearing are described for connecting the dragged part of the spindle with the drawing-rollers, involving the means shown in Fig. 53 for mounting a friction roller 168 &c. upon its shaft. A feather 175 on the roller engages with a groove in the shaft, and a spring 176 has a projection which may engage with one or other of a number of notches in the bottom of the groove. In the case of doubling- frames, the single pair of cylindrical or conical rollers are supported in a water trough, and one roller is carried by a lever and rests against the other by its weight. Fig. 54 represents a pair of conical rollers so arranged, the material being guided through them so as to obtain a variable feed by means of guides 179 on a lever 184, the position of which is regulated by means of a toothed segment, screw, and hand-wheel 183. Various arrangements of drawing-rollers suitable for spinning-machines are described, the last pair of a set of three being generally made conical to allow of varying the draught, and all the rollers, or the pressing-rollers only, being supported at one end only to facilitate pieceing-up &c. The several pairs of rollers may also be adjustable with regard to one another. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 67, 68, and 70, the front drawing-roller 222 is driven in either direction as desire