GB1604605A - Valve gear of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Valve gear of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1604605A
GB1604605A GB24011/78A GB2401178A GB1604605A GB 1604605 A GB1604605 A GB 1604605A GB 24011/78 A GB24011/78 A GB 24011/78A GB 2401178 A GB2401178 A GB 2401178A GB 1604605 A GB1604605 A GB 1604605A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cylinder
cam
internal combustion
combustion engine
valve
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Expired
Application number
GB24011/78A
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB24011/78A priority Critical patent/GB1604605A/en
Publication of GB1604605A publication Critical patent/GB1604605A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/042—Cam discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/024—Belt drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08—Shape of cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
    • F01L2003/256—Valve configurations in relation to engine configured other than perpendicular to camshaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F02F2001/246—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis and orientated radially from the combustion chamber surface

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO VALVE GEAR OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (71) I, PETER WILLIAM BOTH WELL, a British subject of "Meoncote", 114 Shipston Road, Stratford-Upon-Avon, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a Patent may be granted to me and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to internal combustion engines.
In particular the invention is concerned with an internal combustion engine of the kind, hereinafter referred to as the kind specified. having one or more cylinders, the or each cylinder having a combustion chamber provided with at least one inlet valve and at least one exhaust valve, each valve comprising a valve member movable to open and close a port in the chamber, and the or each cylinder also having a valve control means for controlling said movement of the valve members of the cylinder.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved form of valve control means for the or each cylinder in an internal combustion engine of the kind specified.
According to the invention I provide an internal combustion engine of the kind specified wherein the valve control means of the or each cylinder comprises a number of individual actuating means, one of each valve of the cylinder, each actuating means being operable to control the movement of the valve member of its valve and hence opening and closing of the valve, and the actuating means of the valves of the cylinder extending inwardly from the respective valve members towards a common cam shaft which is rotatable about an axis coincident or substantially coincident with the axis of the cylinder and has at least one cam arranged to operate the actuating means.
Preferably the actuating means of the valves of the or each cylinder extend in generally radial planes outwardly towards their respective valve members from the axis of rotation of the cam shaft and are arranged in spaced apart relationship around said axis.
The invention has been devised primarily, but not exclusively, in connection with an internal combustion engine of the type in which the valve members of the or each cylinder are movable to oppn and close their ports in the combustion chamber of the cylinder along axes lying in planes disposed radially with respect to the axis of the cylinder. In such an engine the combustion chamber of the or each cylinder is usually of part-spherical form and the valve members of the cylinder are arranged with their axes on radii extending from the centre of curvature of the chamber at an angle to one another, although the chamber may be of other forms, for example conical. In this event, the actuating means of the or each cylinder are arranged to act on the outer ends of the valve members of the cylinder at locations at equal distances from the common axis of the cam shaft and the cylinder.
The valve members are usually spaced equi-angularly about the said axis and in this event the associated actuating means will be similarly spaced.
The actuating means may take various forms but in any event are preferably mechanical means. In one example each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm and a slidable plunger, the plunger being arranged to be acted upon at one end thereof by the cam or one of the cams of the camshaft of the cylinder and to act at the other end thereof on one end of the rocker arm which is arranged so that its other end acts on the associated valve member, the rocker arm and the plunger being disposed generally in a radial plane of the cam shaft.
In one embodiment of this example the plungers are slidable along axes extending radially from the cam shaft and are actuated upon by a said cam or cams having a peripheral cam track and in another cmbodiment the plungers are slidable along axes parallel to the cam shaft axis and are acted upon by a said cam having a cam track or tracks facing in an axial direction of the cam shaft. In another example each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm arranged to act at one end thereof on the associated valve member, and a pivotally mounted cam follower having a part interposed between the other end of the rocker and the cam or one of the cams of the cam shaft.
The present invention provides a valve control means which is simpler and has less mechanical losses than conventional control means for radially disposed valves.
Moreover. the control means is capable of controlling a greater number of valves per cylinder, a corresponding number of actuating means simply being arranged at appropriate intervals around the common cam shaft.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure I is a diagrammatic perspective view of one form of valve control means embodying the invention, Figure 2 is a vertical section through a specific constructional example of the valve control means shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of another form of valve control means embodying the invention.
The same reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the form of valve control means shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 and the specific constructional embodiment thereof shown in Figure 2.
The valve control means of Figures 1 and 2 is shown applied to an internal combustion engine having one cylinder 10 provided with a part-spherical combustion chamber 11.
This chamber has two inlet valves and two exhaust valves arranged alternately at intervals of 90" around the axis of the cylinder and each comprising a valve member 12 which is movable axially to open and close a port 13 in the chamber. The valve members 12 are arranged with their axes on radii extending from the centre of curvature of the part-spherical chamber and at an angle to one another.
The valves are moppet valves spring biassed to their closed positions. In the specific embodiment shown in Figure 2 the valve members are slidably mounted in valve guides 14 mounted in a hollow housing 15 and have at their outer ends spring keepers 16 with springs 17 urging the valves to their closed positions.
The valve control means comprise four individual actuating means associated one with each valve, the said means being arranged at intervals of 90" around the axis of the cylinder above the valve members and extending in radial planes inwardly from the valves towards a common cam shaft 18 rotatable about said axis.
Each actuating means comprises a rocker arm 19 and a slidable plunger 20 both lying in a radial plane of the axis of the cam shaft.
The rocker arm is mounted in the housing 15 for pivoting about an axis 21 and its outer end carries an adjuster 22 arranged to act on a cap 23 provided on the outer, upper end of the associated valve member. The inner end of the rocker arm is arranged to be acted upon by the outer end of the associated plunger 20 which is mounted in the housing 15 for sliding movement along an axis extending radially from the axis of the cam shaft. The inner end of the plunger carries a roller 24.
The cam shaft 18 is rotatably mounted in bearings 25 in the housing 15 and has two cams 26, and 27. The cam 26 has two lobes and is arranged to act on the rollers 24 of the diametrically opposed plungers 20 which are associated with the inlet valves, and the cam 27 likewise has two lobes and is arranged to act on the rollers 24 of the diametrically opposed plungers 20 which are associated with the exhaust valves. The cam shaft has a toothed pulley 28 through which it is driven by a toothed belt from the engine crankshaft so that the cam shaft rotates at 1/4 engine speed.
Thus rotation of the cam shaft causes the actuating means 19, 20 to move the valve members 12 against the action of their springs 17 thereby to open the valves in cycles in each of which both the inlet valves are first opened simultaneously and then both the exhaust valves are opened simultaneously, the valves of each pair being closed automatically by the spring bias.
Housed in the hollow housing 15 is a spark plug 29 fitted centrally to the combustion chamber.
Figure 3 of the drawings shows a valve control mechanism applied to an internal combustion engine as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 but with different forms of actuating means and cam shaft.
The cam shaft in this embodiment, designated 30, is provided with a cam 31 which is generally of frusto-conical form with its end face formed to provide two cam tracks 32, 33 facing in an axial direction of the cam shaft. Each cam track has two lobes.
The actuating means are arranged in radial planes of the cam shaft at intervals of 90" and each comprises a plunger 34 and a rocker arm 35. The plunger 34 is mounted for sliding in the housing along an axis parallel to the axis of the cam shaft. Two diametrically opposed plungers, associated with the inlet valves, are arranged to be acted upon at their one ends by the inner cam track 33 and the other two plungers, associated with the exhaust valves, are arranged similarly to be acted upon by the outer cam track 34. Each plunger is arranged to act at its other end on the inner end of the associated rocker arm 35 which is mounted in the housing for pivoting about an axis 36. The outer end of the rocker arm is arranged to act on the associated valve member shown diagrammatically at 37.
The cam shaft is driven from the engine crankshaft at 1/4 engine speed.
In both embodiments shown in the drawings the cams are each formed with two lobes the shape of which is compatible with the correct timing of the opening of the valves in relation to the engine crankshaft rotation. Thus. the cams are designed according to the required geometry of the valve actuation.
WHAT I CLAIM IS: l. An internal combustion engine of the kind specified wherein the valve control means of the or each cylinder comprises a number of individual actuating means, one for each valve of the cylinder, each actuating means being operable to control the movement of the valve member of its valve and hence opening and closing of the valve, and the actuating means of the valves of the cylinder extending inwardly from the respective valve members towards a common cam shaft which is rotatable about an axis coincident or substantially coincident with the axis of the cylinder and has at least one cam arranged to operate the actuating means.
2. An internal combustion engine according to Claim 1 wherein the actuating means of the valves of the or each cylinder extend in generally radial planes outwardly towards their respective valve members from the axis of rotation of the cam shaft and are arranged in spaced apart relationship around said axis.
3. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the valve members of the or each cylinder are movable to open and close their ports in the combustion chamber of the cylinder along axes lying planes disposed radially with respect to the axis of the cylinder.
4. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the combustion chamber of the or each cylinder is of part-spherical form and the valve members of the cylinder are arranged with their axes on radii extending from the centre of curvature of the chamber at an angle to one another.
5. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 3 or 4 wherein the actuating means of the or each cylinder are arranged to act on the outer ends of the valve members of the cylinder at locations at equal distances from the common axis of the cam shaft and the cylinder.
6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the valve members are spaced equi-angularly about the said axis and the associated actuating means are similarly spaced.
7. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the actuating means are mechanical means.
8. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 7 wherein each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm and a slidable plunger, the plunger being arranged to be acted upon at one end thereof by the cam or one of the cams of the camshaft of the cylinder and to act at the other end thereof on one end of the rocker arm which is arranged so that its other end acts on the associated valve member, the rocker arm and the plunger being disposed generally in a radial plane of the cam shaft.
9. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the plungers are slidable along axes extending radially from the cam shaft and are acted upon by a said cam or cams having a peripheral cam track.
10. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the plungers are slidable along axes parallel to the camshaft axis and are acted upon by a said cam having a cam track or tracks facing in an axial direction of the cam shaft.
11. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 7 wherein each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm arranged to act at one end thereof on the associated valve member, and a pivotally mounted cam follower havinga part interposed between the other end of the rocker arm and the cam or one of the cams of the camshaft.
12. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the plunger or plungers of the inlet valve or valves of the or each cylinder is or are acted upon by a said cam or cam track having a corresponding number of lobes and the plunger or plungers of the exhaust valve or valves of the cylinder is or are acted upon by a separate cam or cam track having a corresponding number of lobes.
13. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the cam shaft of the or each cylinder is driven from the engine crankshaft at a speed related to the number of valves controlled by each cam or cam track.
14. An internal combustion engine sub
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (15)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    parallel to the axis of the cam shaft. Two diametrically opposed plungers, associated with the inlet valves, are arranged to be acted upon at their one ends by the inner cam track 33 and the other two plungers, associated with the exhaust valves, are arranged similarly to be acted upon by the outer cam track 34. Each plunger is arranged to act at its other end on the inner end of the associated rocker arm 35 which is mounted in the housing for pivoting about an axis 36. The outer end of the rocker arm is arranged to act on the associated valve member shown diagrammatically at 37.
    The cam shaft is driven from the engine crankshaft at 1/4 engine speed.
    In both embodiments shown in the drawings the cams are each formed with two lobes the shape of which is compatible with the correct timing of the opening of the valves in relation to the engine crankshaft rotation. Thus. the cams are designed according to the required geometry of the valve actuation.
    WHAT I CLAIM IS: l. An internal combustion engine of the kind specified wherein the valve control means of the or each cylinder comprises a number of individual actuating means, one for each valve of the cylinder, each actuating means being operable to control the movement of the valve member of its valve and hence opening and closing of the valve, and the actuating means of the valves of the cylinder extending inwardly from the respective valve members towards a common cam shaft which is rotatable about an axis coincident or substantially coincident with the axis of the cylinder and has at least one cam arranged to operate the actuating means.
  2. 2. An internal combustion engine according to Claim 1 wherein the actuating means of the valves of the or each cylinder extend in generally radial planes outwardly towards their respective valve members from the axis of rotation of the cam shaft and are arranged in spaced apart relationship around said axis.
  3. 3. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein the valve members of the or each cylinder are movable to open and close their ports in the combustion chamber of the cylinder along axes lying planes disposed radially with respect to the axis of the cylinder.
  4. 4. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the combustion chamber of the or each cylinder is of part-spherical form and the valve members of the cylinder are arranged with their axes on radii extending from the centre of curvature of the chamber at an angle to one another.
  5. 5. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 3 or 4 wherein the actuating means of the or each cylinder are arranged to act on the outer ends of the valve members of the cylinder at locations at equal distances from the common axis of the cam shaft and the cylinder.
  6. 6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the valve members are spaced equi-angularly about the said axis and the associated actuating means are similarly spaced.
  7. 7. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the actuating means are mechanical means.
  8. 8. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 7 wherein each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm and a slidable plunger, the plunger being arranged to be acted upon at one end thereof by the cam or one of the cams of the camshaft of the cylinder and to act at the other end thereof on one end of the rocker arm which is arranged so that its other end acts on the associated valve member, the rocker arm and the plunger being disposed generally in a radial plane of the cam shaft.
  9. 9. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the plungers are slidable along axes extending radially from the cam shaft and are acted upon by a said cam or cams having a peripheral cam track.
  10. 10. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the plungers are slidable along axes parallel to the camshaft axis and are acted upon by a said cam having a cam track or tracks facing in an axial direction of the cam shaft.
  11. 11. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 7 wherein each actuating means of the or each cylinder comprises a pivotally mounted rocker arm arranged to act at one end thereof on the associated valve member, and a pivotally mounted cam follower havinga part interposed between the other end of the rocker arm and the cam or one of the cams of the camshaft.
  12. 12. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the plunger or plungers of the inlet valve or valves of the or each cylinder is or are acted upon by a said cam or cam track having a corresponding number of lobes and the plunger or plungers of the exhaust valve or valves of the cylinder is or are acted upon by a separate cam or cam track having a corresponding number of lobes.
  13. 13. An internal combustion engine as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the cam shaft of the or each cylinder is driven from the engine crankshaft at a speed related to the number of valves controlled by each cam or cam track.
  14. 14. An internal combustion engine sub
    stantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
  15. 15. An internal combustion engine substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
GB24011/78A 1978-05-30 1978-05-30 Valve gear of internal combustion engines Expired GB1604605A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24011/78A GB1604605A (en) 1978-05-30 1978-05-30 Valve gear of internal combustion engines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24011/78A GB1604605A (en) 1978-05-30 1978-05-30 Valve gear of internal combustion engines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1604605A true GB1604605A (en) 1981-12-09

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ID=10204956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB24011/78A Expired GB1604605A (en) 1978-05-30 1978-05-30 Valve gear of internal combustion engines

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GB (1) GB1604605A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5152262A (en) * 1989-10-13 1992-10-06 Rover Group Limited Internal combustion engine camshaft drive mechanism
US6276324B1 (en) * 1999-04-08 2001-08-21 Tecumseh Products Company Overhead ring cam engine with angled split housing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5152262A (en) * 1989-10-13 1992-10-06 Rover Group Limited Internal combustion engine camshaft drive mechanism
US6276324B1 (en) * 1999-04-08 2001-08-21 Tecumseh Products Company Overhead ring cam engine with angled split housing

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