GB1595109A - Process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure - Google Patents
Process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1595109A GB1595109A GB46083/77A GB4608377A GB1595109A GB 1595109 A GB1595109 A GB 1595109A GB 46083/77 A GB46083/77 A GB 46083/77A GB 4608377 A GB4608377 A GB 4608377A GB 1595109 A GB1595109 A GB 1595109A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- manure
- process according
- acid
- solids
- hydroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- RKFMOTBTFHXWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M [AlH2]O Chemical compound [AlH2]O RKFMOTBTFHXWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KIZFHUJKFSNWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M calcium monohydroxide Chemical compound [Ca]O KIZFHUJKFSNWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYRAVIYBIHCEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Ca] Chemical compound [K].[Ca] NYRAVIYBIHCEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940116254 phosphonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
(54) PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN ANIMAL FEED
INGREDIENT FROM ANIMAL MANURE
(71) I, SOL KATZEN, a citizen of
the United States of America, of Henasi Street, 2, Herzliya Pituach, Israel, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that
a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to
be particularly described in and by the following statenent: - This invention relates to a process for pro ducking an animal feed ingredient front animal
manure and to the resultant animal feed ingredient.
Approximately one fiouxh of all feed con- sumed by animals is incompletely metabolized and consequently excreted. In addition the breakdown products of the cells of the various body organs are also eliminated in the faeces or urine. Conventional disposal of those wastes sometirnes creates problems of environmental pollution and is certainly wasteful of valuable nutrients that could be utilized to replace costly gains, bay and oilseeds in the for mulation of diets for arsenals.
An object of this invention is to provide a process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure,
comprising: admixing an aqueous solution
of an inorganic acid and either wet or dry manure, the acid and basic minerals con mined in the manure chemically rearming to form soluble salts, the acid being mixed with the manure in at least an amount sufficient to achieve a desired degree of steriLization od the manure and a flurry containing solids and having an acidic aqueous phase being formed; and recovering the solids from the
slurry, the solids being separated into inorganic material and organic material the organic material being the animal feed ingredient.
The process of this invention sterilizes and deodorizes the animal manure as well as reducing the normal excess of mineral matter
and renders the resulting organic material
more easily digestible.
It is preferred to use a substantially equimedlar amount of the acid relative to the basic minerals. This generally causes the pH of the slurry formed to be sufficiently acid that sterilization of the manure is achieved.
The organic material may be separated into fibrous material and organic material comprising protein. The fibrous organic material and the proteinaceous organic material after separation from the inorganic material and from each other, are preferably dried.
The acid aqueous phase, after separation from the solids, may be recycled to the admixing step.
~Aooording to the process of this invention, an acid solution (aqueous) is prepared to which either wet or dry manure is added- a chemical reaction takes place between the essentially basic minerals such as calcium potassium, sodium and magnesium compounds contained in the manure and the acid to form soluble salts. An example of the pre fended acid and concentration is hydrochloric acid (HC1) in a ooncentration between 0.25 and 6.0 N.The amount of acrid used is pre ferably that amount which is about equal on a molar (exchange or reaction) basis to the amount of essentially basic minerals present in the manure and which is necessary to achieve the sterilization desired. The chloride salts of the various minerals are soluble in the water fraction of the slurry created by the above process.
Other useful inorganic acids include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitrous acid, phos phonic acid, nitric acid and sulfurous acid;
The manare-aoid solution is mixed, pre- ferably by slow stirring, during the tirne period when the chemical reaction takes palace. The time period can be from a few minutes up to an hour. The solution is pre ferably then allowed to settle until a clear separation has occurred between the various solid fractions and the acid water solution.
Separation oan be achieved by other suitable separation means, such as, centrifugation, but gravimetric separation as described above is preferred as it is quite feasible and economical.
The separated oid-water solution (M) is preferably decanted from above the settled mbasswhis refers specifically to the gnavi- metric separation method, but the results are representative of all af the suitable separation means. Then the top-most layer of the settled mass containing 15 co 30 percent of protein is removed. This protein fraction (I) may represent one fourth of the original dry weight of the manure. The fibrous portion (II) lies just below prctein fraction I and contains about 8 percent protein, about 15 percent ash and about 60 percent carbohydrate material, on an air dried basis. Fibrous portion II may represent one-half or more of the original dry weight of the manure.Finally, the lowermost layer (III) of insoluble mineral matter, i.e., silicates and other insolubies, is removed. This fraction (III) may be used as land fill or other building material. Protein fraction I and fibre friction II are pressed to remove any free water-aoid solution and are then dried in any convenient manner (e.g., using an alfalfa type dryer, a belt drier ar a drum drier, or even sun dried where appro prate). Fraction II may be ensiled or mixed with other ingredients and fed without drying.
The mineral matter of the decanted acid water solution (M) can be precipitated by adding an appropriate alkali, such as, CaOH (preferred), barium carbonate, alumanium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, strontium car- bonate, calcium carbonate, zinc hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
Any hydroxide or carbonate of an alkaLi metal or alkaline earth metal can be used. The pre cipitate is dried to obtain its mineral content, and the water lieft over the precipitation can be re-used in the process.
As stated above the acidification may be adjusted to an appropriate level, e.g. to 5 pH in order to elinjinate Salmonella. Most of the bacteria will also be eliminated at such a pH, but there are, as is well known, certain bacteria which requires a lower pH for their elirnmtion.
The recovery of the valuable fibre and protein fractions, after having obtained the water soluble salts, can be achieved by using any suitable or conventional recovery methods, so this invention is not limited to the sirring, settling and decanting procedures described above.
The process according to this invention may be carried out on a continuous basis, rather by that the batch system described above, by circulating acidified water through a continuous flow of manure feed.
If the aoidified solution is added to a droppings pit or settling tank in connection with confinement reared swine, poultry or oattle, the prooess can become continuous with the advantage that higher oxygen concentration in the animals' mioro-environnent and the reduction of pathogens result from the acidification process.
This improves (1) animal performance and the human environment and (2) permits the harvest of nutritionally enhanced and patho- gen4ree material as described above.
The acidification of bedding or litter mat- erial for animals would also contribute the above advantages as well as prepare the manure for further extraction as described above.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. A process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure, comprising: admixing an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid and either wet or dry manure, the acid and basic minerals contained in the manure chemically reacting to fom soluble salts, the acid being admixed with the manure in at least an amount sufficient to achieve a desired degree of sterilization ob the manure and a slurry containing solids and having an acidic aqueous phrase being formed; and recovering the solids from the slurry, the solids being separated into inorganic material and organic material, the organic material being the animal feed ingredient.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein a substantially equimolar amount of the acid, relative to the basic minerals, is used.
3. A process according to either preceding claim, wherein the manure and the acid solution are mixed together by slow stirring.
4. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein separation of the solids from the acidic aqueous phase is achieved by gravimetric separation.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the solids are allowed to settle and the acidic aqueous phase is decanted from the settled solids.
6. A process according to any d claims 1 to 3, wherein separation of the solids from the acidic aqueous phase is achieved by centrifugation.
7. A process according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is separated into fibrous material and organic material comprising protein.
8. A process according to claim 6, wherein the fibrous organic material and the proteinaceous organic material after separation from the inorganic material and from each other, are dried.
9. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the acid aqueous phase, after separation from the solids, is recycled to the admixing step.
10. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein said acid solution is an aquelous solution ob hydrochloric acid having a concentration between 0.25 and 6 N.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (13)
1. A process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure, comprising: admixing an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid and either wet or dry manure, the acid and basic minerals contained in the manure chemically reacting to fom soluble salts, the acid being admixed with the manure in at least an amount sufficient to achieve a desired degree of sterilization ob the manure and a slurry containing solids and having an acidic aqueous phrase being formed; and recovering the solids from the slurry, the solids being separated into inorganic material and organic material, the organic material being the animal feed ingredient.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein a substantially equimolar amount of the acid, relative to the basic minerals, is used.
3. A process according to either preceding claim, wherein the manure and the acid solution are mixed together by slow stirring.
4. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein separation of the solids from the acidic aqueous phase is achieved by gravimetric separation.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the solids are allowed to settle and the acidic aqueous phase is decanted from the settled solids.
6. A process according to any d claims 1 to 3, wherein separation of the solids from the acidic aqueous phase is achieved by centrifugation.
7. A process according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is separated into fibrous material and organic material comprising protein.
8. A process according to claim 6, wherein the fibrous organic material and the proteinaceous organic material after separation from the inorganic material and from each other, are dried.
9. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the acid aqueous phase, after separation from the solids, is recycled to the admixing step.
10. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein said acid solution is an aquelous solution ob hydrochloric acid having a concentration between 0.25 and 6 N.
11. A process according to any preceding
claim, wherein, after the solids have been separated from the acid aqueous phase, the soluble salts are precipitated from said phase by the add ion thereto of a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
12. A process according to claim 1, substantially as herein described.
13. An animal feed ingredient produced by a process according to any of claims 1 to 12.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46083/77A GB1595109A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46083/77A GB1595109A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1595109A true GB1595109A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
Family
ID=10439790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46083/77A Expired GB1595109A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Process for producing an animal feed ingredient from animal manure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1595109A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-05-31 GB GB46083/77A patent/GB1595109A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |