GB1594707A - Process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by diesel-type internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by diesel-type internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
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- GB1594707A GB1594707A GB51758/77A GB5175877A GB1594707A GB 1594707 A GB1594707 A GB 1594707A GB 51758/77 A GB51758/77 A GB 51758/77A GB 5175877 A GB5175877 A GB 5175877A GB 1594707 A GB1594707 A GB 1594707A
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- exhaust gases
- alumina
- purifying
- criss
- diesel
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(i) oxide Chemical compound [Al]O[Al] BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
(54) A PROCESS FOR PURIFYING THE EXHAUST GASES
GIVEN OFF BY DIESEL-TYPE INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINES
(71) We, PECHINEY UGINE KUHLMANN, of 23 Rue Balzac 75008
Paris, France, a body corporate organised under the Laws of France do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to a process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by diesel-type internal combustion engines.
It is known that there are significant differences in the nature and composition of exhaust gases given off by petrol engines and those given off by diesel engines.
In the former case, carbon dioxide and water vapour are found in addition to nitrogen as a result of the combustion of hydrocarbons. Also found are carbon monoxide (4 to 6%), nitrogen oxides (from 500 to 2000 ppm), unburned hydrocarbons (500 to 2000 ppm), sulphur oxide derivatives. and lead, the latter emanating from the tetraethyl lead which is added to petrol as an anti-knock agent.
In the latter case, carbon dioxide and water vapour are found in the exhaust gases in addition to nitrogen, also as a result of the combustion of the hydrocarbons. Also found are a very small proportion of carbon monoxide (500 to 800 ppm, that is to say, about 100 times less than in the first case), nitrogen oxides (from 500 to 2000 ppm), unburned hydrocarbons (from 100 to 500 ppm), oxygen (from 7 to 15%) owing to the fact that a very large excess of air is injected into the combustion chambers, and very fine black particles in a proportion of from 40 to 70 mg per litre of fuel injected in to the engine which are responsible for the characteristic colour and the opacity of the fumes given out by the diesel exhaust.
The exhaust gases of diesel engines have serious harmful effects on the environment owing to the already substantial and rapidly increasing number of vehicles equipped with diesel engines and the frequent use of air compressors or generating sets driven by diesel engines in enclosed premises or underground galleries. Although their relatively low carbon monoxide content and the absence of lead from them makes their toxicity less than that of petrol engine exhaust, their nauseating smell which is caused in particular by aldehydes, the presence of polycyclic aromatic derivatives, some of which are suspected to be carcinogenic, and also the presence of carbonaceous particles which rapidly make the atmosphere opaque if the exhaust is produced in a confined space, make methods for purifying these exhaust gases highly desirable.
It has been found that it is possible, under certain conditions, to take advantage of the properties of alumina deposited on a metallic substrate with a large surface area for purifying the exhaust gases from diesel engines by eliminating the major proportion of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbonaceous particles which are the two most harmful constituents.
Thus, according to the present invention there is provided a process for purifying exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
a) depositing alumina trihydrate from a "hot' solution (as herein defined) of alkaline aluminate on criss-crossed metal wires;
b) calcining the said alumina so as to give it a specific surface area of at least 120 square metres per gram;
c) installing the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina in the exhaust circuit of the diesel type internal combustion engine; and
d) contacting the exhaust gases with the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina for a period of at least 0.3 second at a temperature of at least 250"C.
By a "hot" solution is meant a solution at a temperature within the range of from 800 C. to 1000C., inclusive.
It is known that aqueous solutions of alkaline aluminates can decompose into alumina which precipitates in the form of the trihydrate Al2O,, 3H,O, i.e. aluminium hydroxide [(Al(OH)2 or Al2(OH)f] either spontaneously or by adding seeds which initiate the decomposition reaction. These reactions are used, for example, in the
Bayer process for obtaining pure alumina from bauxite intended for the manufacture of aluminium by igneous electrolysis. An example of the reaction is as follows: 2AlO2Na + 4H20 < A1203, 3H2O + 2NaOH
It is also known that certain physical forms of alumina have catalytic and adsorbent properties which are exploited in numerous industrial operations.
More recently, as a result of research into the reduction of the level of pollution by exhaust gases from thermal engines, it has been found that certain forms of alumina can not only act as catalysts but also adsorb the majority of the lead carried in the form of volatile components in the exhaust gases, the said lead emanating from decomposition in the combustion chambers of the engine of the tetra-alkyl lead derivatives added to the fuel to improve its "octane rating", that is to say its capacity of resisting self-knocking.
It has been found, as disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,227,659, 3,231,520, 3,495,950, and 3,362,783, that the catalytic and adsorbent properties of alumina are particularly effective when deposited on a metallic substrate formed from criss-crossed fine wires such as "metal wool" or "metal shavings", the texture of this criss-cross being such that it only resists the passage of the exhaust gases slightly and that it only reduces the efficiency of the engine to an insignificant degree.
In U.K. Patent No. 1,530,718, there is claimed an improvement in the processes of depositing alumina on a metallic substrate for continuously obtaining very adherent deposits having excellent adsorbent properties with simultaneous regeneration of the aluminate liquor.
However, if attempts are made to use such deposits for purifying the exhaust gases from diesel engines, it is observed that the effectiveness of purification is very slight and, in particular, the disagreeable smell and the opaqueness of the fumes largelv remain.
These difficulties are overcome, however, by use of the process of the present invention. Thus it is possible to effectively purify the exhaust gases given off by diesel engines by passing them through criss-crossed fine metal wires covered with alumina, providing that the said alumina has a specific surface area of at least 120 m2/g (measured by the conventional B.E.T. method for adsorbing nitrogen at low temperature in accordance with French standard AFNOR X 11.621)), and that it is at a temperature of at least 2500C. Furthermore, it is essential that the period of contact between the said gases and the alumina is at least 0.3 second.
To ensure a minimum temperature of 250 C., it is often preferable for the process of the present invention to insulate the exhaust circuit of the diesel engine that its equilibrium temperature is maintained above this value.
If the above conditions are satisfied, it is observed that, on the one hand, the unburned hydrocarbons mixed with the excess air which is still present in the exhaust gases undergo almost total post-combustion and in all cases a sufficient rate to eliminate any perceptible smell and that, on the other hand, the carbon particles responsible for the opaqueness of the fumes are retained in a proportion of at least 70% and often as high as 80%.
Quite surprisingly, it seems that this post-combustion takes place in the absence of any metallic catalysing element whereas in the former processes, particularly those forming the subject-matter of French Patents Nos. 1,047,802, and 1,400,504 and U.S.
Patents Nos. 3,231,520 and 3,495,950, it was necessary to incorporate into the alumina, metallic catalysing elements such as copper, vanadium, chromium, manganese, platinum or palladium which gradually lost their effectiveness by the so-called "poisoning" phenomenon which limited the service life in a manner which was economically unacceptable.
The temperature of at least 250"C required for producing post-combustion of the unburned hydrocarbons is obtained without difficulty as soon as the engine starts up. The temperature of the exhaust gases is normally above 500 C., thus bringing the exhaust chamber to the required temperature. The temperature may even reach about 380"C. when the motor operates at full load.
If the ambient conditions are able to cool the purifying device substantially, it is preferable to provide thermal insulation as previously mentioned.
The specific surface area of the alumina, which should be at least 120 m2/g, is obtained in known manner by suitably selecting the conditions for drying and calcinating the trihydrate A1208, 3H2O which is deposited on the metallic substrate from the alkaline aluminate solution.
A gradual rise in temperature from ambient temperature to between 5300 and SSODC. allows the required specific surface area to be obtained.
It is also essential for the period of contact between the exhaust gases and the purifying device to be sufficient and, in all cases, at least 0.3 second so that the double process for retaining the carbon particles and for the post-combustion of the unburned hydrocarbons can take place integrally. In practice, this period is obtained by giving the purifying device a volume which is proportional to the volume of exhaust gas given out per second.
The following examples serve to further illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the invention to the specific procedures described therein.
EXAMPLE 1.
A device for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a 6 cylinder 149 kW (about 202 CV diesel engine was produced and mounted on a fixed test bed. The fixed test bed of a cylinder 350 mm in diameter and 880 mm long, into which were introduced 8500 grams of ferritic stainless steel wool containing 17% of chromium composed of elementry strands of substantially rectangular cross-section (0.1 x 0.4 mm) onto which were deposited 17000 grams of alumina obtained in known manner from an alkaline aluminate solution and having a BET specific surface area of about 140 m2 per gram after calcination. The cylinder was closed at both ends by two metal elements expanded to wide mesh, intended only for immobilising the metal wood, and was connected in the exhaust circuit of the diesel engine.
Various tests were performed corresponding to the different charges of the engine under respective powers of 42, 79 and 149 kW. The consumption of the engine was of the order of 217 grams of fuel per kW per hour. At the maximum rate of 149 kW, the flow-rate of the exhaust gases was about 530 Nm3/hour and the temperature of the exhaust chamber was about 3800C.
The gases were passed into the device for about 0.46 second, calculated as a function of their flow-rate and of the volume of the said device.
The exhaust gases leaving the purifying device, irrespective of the charge of the engine, no longer had a smell or appreciable opaqueness. Analysis showed that the unburned hydrocarbon content had dropped from 200 ppm upstream of the filtering device to less than 20 ppm downstream and that 77% of the carbon particles had been retained in the alumina.
The purifying device maintained its efficiency for the order of several thousand hours. At the end of the period, the loss of charge in the exhaust circuit, which is of the order of 100 mm of water for the case in the example, did not increase substantially.
EXAMPLE 2.
A device for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a 150 kW diesel engine was produced and mounted on a power trolley designed for circulating in underground galleries. It was formed by connecting in series two cylinders of 350 mm diameter and 920 mm total length in which were introduced 8900 grams of ferritic stainless steel wool containing 17% of chromium composed of elementary strands of substantially rectangular cross-section (0.1 X 0.4 mm) upon which had been deposited 17000 grams of alumina obtained in known manner from an alkaline aluminate solution and having after calcination a BET specific surface area of about 140 m2/gram.
This cylinder was closed at both ends by two metal elements expanded to large mesh, intended only for immobilising the metal wool, and was connected in the exhaust circuit of the diesel engine with a diffuser which opened out at the inlet, intended for limiting the losses of charge.
The exhaust gases were passed into this purifying device for an average of 0.6 second.
Under normal operating conditions of the power trolley, the exhaust gases were analysed at the inlet and at the outlet of the purifying device. The results were as follows: (they are given in parts per million).
Inlet Outlet carbon monoxide 185 150 nitrogen oxides 400 270 aldehydes 20 3 to 4 opacity index measured by BOSCH apparatus 3 to 4 40.5 A slight reduction in the CO content is observed owing to partial oxidation of
CO to CO2 caused by the nitrogen oxides present, and a reduction of about 85% in the opacity measured with a BOSCH apparatus, corresponding to a reduction in the content of opacifying carbon particles in an identical portion.
The content of aldehydes, which are the main cause of the nauseous smell of the fumes, was reduced by a proportion of between 80 and 85%.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
a) depositing alumina trihydrate from a "hot" solution (as herein defined) of alkaline aluminate on criss-crossed metal wires,
b) calcining the said alumina so as to give it a specific surface area of at least 120 square metres per gram.
c) installing the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina in the exhaust circuit of the said diesel type internal combustion engine, and
d) contacting the exhaust gases with the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina for a period of at least 0.3 second at a temperature of at least 2500C.
2. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
a) depositing alumina trihydrate from a "hot" solution (as herein defined) of alkaline aluminate on criss-crossed metal wires;
b) calcining the said alumina so as to give it a specific surface area of at least 120 square metres per gram;
c) installing the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina in the exhaust circuit of the said diesel engine;
d) insulating the exhaust circuit of the said engine so that its equilibrium temperature in operation is always at least 2500 C.; and
e) contacting the exhaust gases with the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina for a period of at least 0.3 second at a temperature of at least 2500 C.
3. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine substantially as herein described with particular reference to the
Examples.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (3)
1. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
a) depositing alumina trihydrate from a "hot" solution (as herein defined) of alkaline aluminate on criss-crossed metal wires,
b) calcining the said alumina so as to give it a specific surface area of at least 120 square metres per gram.
c) installing the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina in the exhaust circuit of the said diesel type internal combustion engine, and
d) contacting the exhaust gases with the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina for a period of at least 0.3 second at a temperature of at least 2500C.
2. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:
a) depositing alumina trihydrate from a "hot" solution (as herein defined) of alkaline aluminate on criss-crossed metal wires;
b) calcining the said alumina so as to give it a specific surface area of at least 120 square metres per gram;
c) installing the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina in the exhaust circuit of the said diesel engine;
d) insulating the exhaust circuit of the said engine so that its equilibrium temperature in operation is always at least 2500 C.; and
e) contacting the exhaust gases with the said criss-crossed metal wires covered with alumina for a period of at least 0.3 second at a temperature of at least 2500 C.
3. A process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by a diesel type internal combustion engine substantially as herein described with particular reference to the
Examples.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7638258A FR2373675A1 (en) | 1976-12-13 | 1976-12-13 | PROCEDURE FOR DEPURING THE EXHAUST GASES EMITTED BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF THE DIESEL TYPE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1594707A true GB1594707A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
Family
ID=9181232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB51758/77A Expired GB1594707A (en) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-13 | Process for purifying the exhaust gases given off by diesel-type internal combustion engines |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5387973A (en) |
AU (1) | AU517104B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE861745A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7708247A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1133232A (en) |
CH (1) | CH615979A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2755317C3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK552977A (en) |
ES (1) | ES464965A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2373675A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1594707A (en) |
GR (1) | GR62052B (en) |
IE (1) | IE45946B1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN147324B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1088673B (en) |
LU (1) | LU78674A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX3861E (en) |
NL (1) | NL7713754A (en) |
PH (1) | PH13866A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA777400B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2024646B (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1983-05-05 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Catalytic oxidation of smoke in exhaust gases |
JPH0372916A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-03-28 | Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd | Treatment of exhaust gas |
DE4229471A1 (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-10 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Process for the purification of exhaust gases from diesel engines |
AU5616900A (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-31 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Process for coating metal fibrous material |
-
1976
- 1976-12-13 FR FR7638258A patent/FR2373675A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-11-03 IN IN372/DEL/77A patent/IN147324B/en unknown
- 1977-11-08 PH PH20408A patent/PH13866A/en unknown
- 1977-12-12 DK DK552977A patent/DK552977A/en unknown
- 1977-12-12 BE BE183358A patent/BE861745A/en unknown
- 1977-12-12 IT IT30591/77A patent/IT1088673B/en active
- 1977-12-12 BR BR7708247A patent/BR7708247A/en unknown
- 1977-12-12 CH CH1520277A patent/CH615979A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-12 ES ES464965A patent/ES464965A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 DE DE2755317A patent/DE2755317C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 AU AU31451/77A patent/AU517104B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 LU LU78674A patent/LU78674A1/xx unknown
- 1977-12-12 NL NL7713754A patent/NL7713754A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-12 CA CA292,899A patent/CA1133232A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 JP JP14826377A patent/JPS5387973A/en active Granted
- 1977-12-12 ZA ZA00777400A patent/ZA777400B/en unknown
- 1977-12-12 IE IE2517/77A patent/IE45946B1/en unknown
- 1977-12-13 MX MX776685U patent/MX3861E/en unknown
- 1977-12-13 GB GB51758/77A patent/GB1594707A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-13 GR GR54969A patent/GR62052B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2755317C3 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
DE2755317B2 (en) | 1979-08-09 |
IT1088673B (en) | 1985-06-10 |
ZA777400B (en) | 1979-01-31 |
CH615979A5 (en) | 1980-02-29 |
DK552977A (en) | 1978-06-14 |
JPS5387973A (en) | 1978-08-02 |
PH13866A (en) | 1980-10-22 |
JPS5629581B2 (en) | 1981-07-09 |
LU78674A1 (en) | 1978-07-11 |
DE2755317A1 (en) | 1978-06-15 |
CA1133232A (en) | 1982-10-12 |
IE45946B1 (en) | 1983-01-12 |
NL7713754A (en) | 1978-06-15 |
MX3861E (en) | 1981-08-24 |
GR62052B (en) | 1979-02-19 |
AU517104B2 (en) | 1981-07-09 |
FR2373675B1 (en) | 1981-07-17 |
AU3145177A (en) | 1979-06-21 |
IN147324B (en) | 1980-02-02 |
BE861745A (en) | 1978-06-12 |
FR2373675A1 (en) | 1978-07-07 |
IE45946L (en) | 1978-06-13 |
ES464965A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
BR7708247A (en) | 1978-07-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |