GB1593381A - Taximeters - Google Patents

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO TAXIMETERS (71) We, THE PLESSEY COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of Vicarage Lane, Ilford, Essex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following state ment: This invention relates to a taximeter.

In our co-pending application No. 10859/ 76 (Serial No. 1571086) there is described an arrangement for use in a taximeter for computing a fare to be charged, the fare charge being based on a combination of the distance travelled and/or, if the speed of the taxi falls below a predetermined threshold, on the time the taxi is being hired. Normally, it is required that at speeds greater than the threshold speed the fare to be charged is based on distance travelled as determined by so-called distance pulses and at speeds less than the threshold speed is based on the elapsed time as determined by so-called time pulses.In both of these regions, operation is straightforward and accurate but inaccuracies can occur at the point the transition is made from distance to elapsed time and vice-versa due to long averaging times required to detect the transition and due to the time and distance pulse trains not having a defined phase relationship at the transition point.

The present invention seeks to provide a taximeter in which the above mentioned disadvantage is mitigated.

According to the present invention there is provided a taximeter including counter means which is clocked by time pulses applied to it and which is reset by distance pulses applied to it and when it reaches a predetermined count, the counter means being arranged to afford an output each time it is reset and means being provided operable on the distance pulse following the counter means having assumed said predetermined count for producing an output in dependence upon the residual count of said counter means on the application thereto of the said distance pulse for affording a correction pulse that is effectively subtracted from the output afforded by the counter means to afford a corrected pulse train that is used to compute a fare to be charged.

In carrying out the invention, the counter means may take the form of a countdown counter which is resettable to a count of N and which is arranged to count down towards zero under the control of the time pulses applied thereto, the countdown counter being arranged to be reset on reaching a count of zero and when a distance pulse is applied to it and further being arranged to afford an output pulse each time it is reset, means being provided for accumulating the count of the countdown counter when it is reset by a distance pulse after having attained a count of zero, it being arranged that when the accumulated count attains a count of N a pulse is effectively subtracted from the output pulses afforded by the countdown counter to afford a corrected output, and a count of N is subtracted from the accumulated count.

In a preferred taximeter a suitable programmed micro-processor may be provided for carrying out the invention.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention will now be described, reference being made to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification in which; Figure 1, depicts waveforms illustrating the principle of operation of a taximeter in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2, depicts various waveforms that exist in a taximeter according to the present invention at speeds greater than a threshold speed; Figure 3, depicts various waveforms that exist in a taximeter according to the present invention at speeds less than a threshold speed; Figure 4, depict s a taximeter according to the present invention; Figure 5, depicts a software flowchart for programming a microprocessor to carry out the present invention; and Figure 6, shows in more detail the software flowchart of Figure 5, written in a form suitable for incorporation in a taximeter.

The principle of operation of the present invention is to provide distance pulses derived from a transducer arrangement fixed to the vehicle transmission and typically producing pulses at about one a second at the threshold speed and time pulses at a frequency that Is accurately defined and is sufficiently high for say 100 time pulses to occur at the threshold speed in the period between adjacent distance pulses. Instead of using one or other of these pulse trains dependent upon whether the absolute speed is greater than or less than the threshold speed as is one known arrangement, it is proposed, according to the present invention, to effectively combine both pulse trains and to effect a correction to the combined pulse train to take into account excess pulses that should not be included.

This is achieved by providing a divide by N countdown counter which is clocked by the clock pulses, the division ratio N corresponding precisely to the number of time pulses per distance pulse at the threshold speed. Every time a distance pulse occurs the countdown counter is arranged to be reset to N and proceeds to count towards zero by means of the applied time pulses and every time the count of the countdown counter reaches zero before a distance pulse is received, it is reset to N and again is counted down towards zero by time pulses.

Each time the countdown counter is reset to N a pulse is generated which is used to compute the fare to be charged in the normal way. However, it is found that at speeds greater than a threshold speed the generated output corresponds to the dis tancc pulses and is satisfactory but at speeds less than the threshold speed error is introduced due to too many pulses being generated and it can be shown that this error is dependent upon the count of the countdown counter when it is reset by a distance pulse.

It is therefore proposed to monitor the count of the countdown counter each time it is reset by a distance pulse and immediately after having been reset due to it reaching a count of zero and to accumulate this count and arrange that each time the accumulated count exceeds the number N a pulse is subtracted from the generated pulse train.

Considering now the waveforms shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, in Figure la typical distance pulses occurring at points A and C are shown and in Figure ib the count of the divide-by-N countdown counter is shown, this being set to a count of N on the receipt of each distance pulse and being arranged to count down towards zero under the control of time pulses. If the count of the countdown counter reaches zero as at 'B' in Figures la and ib it is reset to N and is again counted down. Each time the countdown counter is reset an output pulse is generated so that in the example considered in Figure 1 an output pulse would be generated at points A, B and C.However, it is found that since at point C the counter was reset during its countdown cycle an error is introduced and this error is dependent upon the count Ne of the countdown counter when it is reset by a distance pulse as at point C. This may be overcome by arranging the successive counts of Ne are accumulated and when the accumulated count exceeds the count N a pulse is subtracted from the generated pulse train. This may be better illustrated from the waveform diagrams of Figures 2 and 3 which depict waveforms that exist at speeds less than and greater than a threshold speed respectively.

Considering Figure~2, in Figure 2a there are shown a series of distance pulses and in Figure 2b there is shown the count of a countdown counter which is clocked by the time pulses and is reset at each distance pulse and when it reaches a count of zero. It is arranged that a pulse is generated each time the counter is reset so that an uncorrected pulse train as shown at Figure 2d in Figure 2. Also, each time the countdown counter reaches a count of zero it is arranged that a "flag" as shown at Figure 2c in Figure 2 is set, the flag bein reset on the receipt of the next distance pulse. In order to correct the uncorrected pulse train shown in Figure 2d, it is arranged that when the counter is reset by a distance pulse, if the flag has been set, the count existing in the counter at that time is transferred to an error accumulator as shown at Figure 2e.

When the count of the error accumulator reaches a count of N a pulse is subtracted from the uncorrected pulse train to afford a corrected pulse train as shown at Figure 2f in Figure 2. This corrected pulse train may thus be used to compute the fare to be charged.

In Figure 3 there is depicted the same waveforms as those depicted in Figure 2 but this time modified to show what obtains when the speed is greater than a threshold speed. Thus in Figure 3a a series of distance pulses are shown and in Figure 3b the count of the countdown counter is shown, this being clocked by the time pulses and reset on the receipt of each distance pulses, the position being that due to the speed being greater than a threshold speed, the spacing between the distance pulses is such that the count of the counter is reset each time before it reaches zero. Thus the 'flag' as depicted in Figure 3c is never set and the uncorrected pulse train as depicted in Figure 3d corresponds to the distance pulse train of Figure 3a.As indicated in Figure 3e the error indicated by the error accumulator depicted in Figure 3e is constant as a value less than N so that no correction pulses are generated with the result that the corrected pulse train depicted in Figure 3f is the same as the uncorrected pulse train of Figure 3d which as stated above corresponds to the distance pulses of Figure 3a.

The system described for generating a pulse train on which to base the computation of a fare to be charged in a taximeter based on distance and time pulses may be effected in software form in taximeters which make use of micro-processor or micro-computer techniques or in hardware form in other forms of electronic taximeter.

In Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, time pulses and distance pulses are applied to a non-coincidence logic circuit 1 which prevents coincident pulses with correct system operation. The time pulses from the non-coincidence logic circuit 1 are applied as clock pulses to a divide by N programmable countdown counter 2 to which the distance pulses from the noncoincidence logic circuit 1 are also applied so as to cause the counter 2 to be reset to a count of N. Each time the counter 2 is reset to a count of N an output is afforded on a 'count N' output which is applied via a pulse subtractor 7 to a fare counter not shown.

Under quiescent conditions the pulse subtractor 7 is maintained non-operational.

However, if the count of the counter 2 reaches a count of 0. this is indicative o the vehicle speed being less than the threshold speed and a count 0 output is afforded to a flip-flop 3 to bring the error correcting system into operation. When the next distance pulse, after a count of 0 has set flip-flop 3, occurs, it is gated through an AND gate 4 to an arithmetic unit 5 which causes the count of the counter 2 to be added to an accumulator in the arithmetic unit 5 before the counter 2 is reset.The accumulated error in the arithmetic unit 5 is compared with the number 'N' in a comparator 6, and when the accumulated error exceeds the number N, the comparator affords an output wbich is applied to the pulse subtractor 7 to prevent a pulse from the counter 2 from being fed to the fare counter and is also applied to the arithmetic unit 5 to cause the accumulator therein to be reduced by a count of N. The process is then repeated, the output from the pulse subtractor 7 corresponding to the required corrected pulse train.

A software flowchart for programming a microprocessor to perform the invention is shown in Figure 5 and in more detailed flowchart form suitable for incorporation in a taximeter in Figure 6. The operation of both of these is considered to be selfexplanatory in the form depicted without detailed description.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A taximeter comprising counter means which is clocked by time pulses applied to it and which is reset by distance pulses applied to it and when it reaches a predetermined count, the counter means being arranged to afford an output each time it is reset and by means being provided operable on the distance pulse following the counter means having assumed said predetermined count for producing an output in dependence upon the residual count of said counter means on the application thereto of the said distance pulse for affording a correction pulse that is effectively subtracted from the output afforded by the counter means to afford a corrected pulse train that is used to compute a fare to be charged.

2. A taximeter as claimed in claim 1 in which the counter means takes the form of a countdown counter which is resettable to a count of N and which is arranged to count down towards zero under the control of the time pulses applied thereto, the countdown counter being arranged to be reset on reaching a count of zero and when a distance pulse is applied to it and further being arranged to afford an output pulse each time it is reset, means being provided for accumulating the count of the countdown counter when it is reset by a distance pulse after having attained a count of zero, it being arranged that when the accumulated count attains a count of N a pulse is effectively subtracted from the output pulses afforded by the countdown counter to afford a corrected output, and a count of N is subtracted from the accumulated count.

3. A taximeter as claimed in claim 2 and including a comparator arranged to compare the accumulated count with a preset number N and to provide said correction pulse.

4. A taximeter device as claimed in any preceding claim and including a microprocessor programmed in accordance with the flow chart substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (5)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. between the distance pulses is such that the count of the counter is reset each time before it reaches zero. Thus the 'flag' as depicted in Figure 3c is never set and the uncorrected pulse train as depicted in Figure 3d corresponds to the distance pulse train of Figure 3a. As indicated in Figure 3e the error indicated by the error accumulator depicted in Figure 3e is constant as a value less than N so that no correction pulses are generated with the result that the corrected pulse train depicted in Figure 3f is the same as the uncorrected pulse train of Figure 3d which as stated above corresponds to the distance pulses of Figure 3a. The system described for generating a pulse train on which to base the computation of a fare to be charged in a taximeter based on distance and time pulses may be effected in software form in taximeters which make use of micro-processor or micro-computer techniques or in hardware form in other forms of electronic taximeter. In Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, time pulses and distance pulses are applied to a non-coincidence logic circuit 1 which prevents coincident pulses with correct system operation. The time pulses from the non-coincidence logic circuit 1 are applied as clock pulses to a divide by N programmable countdown counter 2 to which the distance pulses from the noncoincidence logic circuit 1 are also applied so as to cause the counter 2 to be reset to a count of N. Each time the counter 2 is reset to a count of N an output is afforded on a 'count N' output which is applied via a pulse subtractor 7 to a fare counter not shown. Under quiescent conditions the pulse subtractor 7 is maintained non-operational. However, if the count of the counter 2 reaches a count of 0. this is indicative o the vehicle speed being less than the threshold speed and a count 0 output is afforded to a flip-flop 3 to bring the error correcting system into operation. When the next distance pulse, after a count of 0 has set flip-flop 3, occurs, it is gated through an AND gate 4 to an arithmetic unit 5 which causes the count of the counter 2 to be added to an accumulator in the arithmetic unit 5 before the counter 2 is reset.The accumulated error in the arithmetic unit 5 is compared with the number 'N' in a comparator 6, and when the accumulated error exceeds the number N, the comparator affords an output wbich is applied to the pulse subtractor 7 to prevent a pulse from the counter 2 from being fed to the fare counter and is also applied to the arithmetic unit 5 to cause the accumulator therein to be reduced by a count of N. The process is then repeated, the output from the pulse subtractor 7 corresponding to the required corrected pulse train. A software flowchart for programming a microprocessor to perform the invention is shown in Figure 5 and in more detailed flowchart form suitable for incorporation in a taximeter in Figure 6. The operation of both of these is considered to be selfexplanatory in the form depicted without detailed description. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A taximeter comprising counter means which is clocked by time pulses applied to it and which is reset by distance pulses applied to it and when it reaches a predetermined count, the counter means being arranged to afford an output each time it is reset and by means being provided operable on the distance pulse following the counter means having assumed said predetermined count for producing an output in dependence upon the residual count of said counter means on the application thereto of the said distance pulse for affording a correction pulse that is effectively subtracted from the output afforded by the counter means to afford a corrected pulse train that is used to compute a fare to be charged.

2. A taximeter as claimed in claim 1 in which the counter means takes the form of a countdown counter which is resettable to a count of N and which is arranged to count down towards zero under the control of the time pulses applied thereto, the countdown counter being arranged to be reset on reaching a count of zero and when a distance pulse is applied to it and further being arranged to afford an output pulse each time it is reset, means being provided for accumulating the count of the countdown counter when it is reset by a distance pulse after having attained a count of zero, it being arranged that when the accumulated count attains a count of N a pulse is effectively subtracted from the output pulses afforded by the countdown counter to afford a corrected output, and a count of N is subtracted from the accumulated count.

3. A taximeter as claimed in claim 2 and including a comparator arranged to compare the accumulated count with a preset number N and to provide said correction pulse.

4. A taximeter device as claimed in any preceding claim and including a microprocessor programmed in accordance with the flow chart substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.

5. A taximeter substantially as herein

described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 4 of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.