GB1590233A - Roof purlin - Google Patents
Roof purlin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1590233A GB1590233A GB2880977A GB2880977A GB1590233A GB 1590233 A GB1590233 A GB 1590233A GB 2880977 A GB2880977 A GB 2880977A GB 2880977 A GB2880977 A GB 2880977A GB 1590233 A GB1590233 A GB 1590233A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- top flange
- reinforcing strip
- purlin
- roof purlin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
- E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
- E04B7/022—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames
- E04B7/024—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames the trusses or frames supporting load-bearing purlins, e.g. braced purlins
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
- E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/046—L- or T-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0473—U- or C-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0482—Z- or S-shaped
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a roof purlin (1) comprising a cold-rolled sheet-steel strip, for use on gently inclined roofs of industrial buildings, and composed of an upper flange (2) which is connected to a lower flange (3) by means of a web (4). The roof purlin has a reinforcing strip (9) which is arranged along one half of the upper flange (2) and that half of the lower flange (3) located diagonally opposite the first-mentioned half, or it has a reinforcing strip (9) which is arranged only along the upper flange (2). <IMAGE>
Description
(54) ROOF PURLIN
(71) We, GREBAU GRESCHBACH INDUS TRIEBAU GmbH & Co. KO, a German
Company, of 7500 Karlsruhe-Grotzingen,
Greschbachstrasse 1, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to a roof purlin for the slightly sloping roofs of industrial buildings. Generally, purlins are made of cold rolled sheet-steel strip and consist of a top flange which is joined to a bottom flange by a web.
The proposed roof purlin can be used in particular for the large-area roofs of bays of any kind having an angle of slope of the roof of up to approximately 20 degrees and where, for reasons of cost, optimum dimensioning of the material used in the construction is called for.
Roof purlins are long supporting elemenls for the roof covering that extend parallel to the ridge of slightly sloping roofs. The elements normally used as roof purlins are standardized rolled steel sections having an
I-, Z- or U-cross-section and comprising a top flange, a bottom flange and a web interconnecting these flanges. These rolled sections are optimally dimensioned to carry such loads that act in the plane of their webs disposed at right-angles to their top and bottom flanges (or in a plane parallel to the web). However, in the case of sloping roofs the roof purlins are so arranged that their webs are disposed at right-angles to the covering of the roof, with the result that the load to be carried is applied at an angle to the plane of the web, which angle corresponds to the slope of the roof.For this reason-and because in addition roof purlins are in many cases also subjected to compressive load in their longitudinal direction-the stress distribution in the crosssection of the purlin is completely asymmetrical, and furthermore the stress assumes considerably higher values in the top flange than in the bottom flange. In this connection it has also to be borne in mind that the relevant standards relating to steel building constructions specify that the permissible compressive stresses in the top flanges of the purlins should in any case be lower than the tensile stresses permitted in the bottom flange. All this means that the purlins normally used take the form of rolled sections which are very inappropriately dimensioned for carrying this load, and this leads to very considerable disadvantages as regards costs and weight.
British Patent Specification 1272998 has disclosed a purlin for an inclined roof covering that is made of thin cold-rolled sheetsteel and has an I-, Z- or U-cross-section, and wherein the two mutually parallel flanges of the profile form, with its web, an angle other than 90 degrees. As an alternative, this patent specification proposes that the two flanges, if disposed at right-angles to the web, should be offset from the web by equal amounts but in opposite directions.
This measure is intended to ensure that the principal axis for the lower moments of inertia of the cross-section of the purlin extends in the direction in which the load of the roof covering is applied, so that the cross-section is mainly subjected only to bending in the direction of this principal axis.
Although this achieves an improvement ovesr the standard rolled sections, this proposal is still rather far removed from the desirable optimum.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved profile for a roof purlin, i.e. a purlin cross-section in which the crosssection of the material is largely just sufficient to take up the differing compressive and tensile forces occurring at each point in the cross-section.
According to the invention there is provided a roof purlin made of cold rolled sheet-steel having a single flat top flange, a single flat bottom flange and a single web joining the flanges wherein the top flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by means of a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from one edge of the top flange, the reinforcing strip being formed by bending the flange through 180 degrees, the web being of single thickness and imperforate.
The width of the reinforcing strip can be selected to correspond to the distribution of the forces acting on the cross-section of the flange, so that saving in weight can be achieved.
Preferably the lower flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from the edge of the lower flange opposite the edge of the top flange carrying its reinforcing strip, the reinforcing strip on the lower flange being formed by bending the flange th'rough 180 degrees.
With the cross-section of the purlin adapted to suit the prevailing distribution of forces, a further saving in weight can be achieved by using a width of top flange different from that of the bottom flange, the width of the top flange being equal to or greater than one and a half times the width of the bottom flange.
Particular advantage accrues if one outer edge of the top flange and/or of the bottom flange is bent back. This avoids irregularities along the edges of the top and bottom flanges, which irregularities are inevitable during the rolling of the sheet-steel strip and have the effect of reducing strength. Furthermore, this step can contribute to optimization of the cross-section.
It is very advantageous if the proposed roof purlin is made of a galvanized sheetsteel strip. This avoids corrosion problems that could occur during subsequent application of a surface protection because of the gap present between the top flange and bottom flange on the one hand and the reinforcing strips on the other.
Some examples of the construction of the proposed roof purlin will now be described in greater detail by reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically and in section an I-section roof purlin in conjunction with a sloping roof;
Figure 2 shows a cross-section through an
I-section roof purlin and the stress distribution therein under the action of a force component q2 acting in the plane of the web of the purlin;
Figure 3 is a cross-section similar to that of Figure 2, but showing the action of a force component ql applied at right-angles to the plane of the web;
Figure 4 is a cross-section similar to that of Figure 2, but showing the effect of a compressive force PD applied in the longitudinal direction of the roof purlin;;
Figure 5 is a cross-section similar to that of Figure 2, and illùstrates a stress distribution resulting from the action of all three forces applied to the roof purlin;
Figure 6 illustrates an I-section roof purlin in accordance with the invention and having a reinforcing strip on its top flange and on its bottom flange, each strip being formed by bending over a portion of the flange concerned;
Figure 7 illustrates a further roof purlin in accordance with the invention, this having a Z-section and a reinforcing strip along the top flange, this strip being formed by a double fold; and
Figure 8 illustrates yet another roof puzrlin in accordance with the invention, this purlin having a U-section and a reinforcing strip along its upper flange, which strip is formed by bending over a portion of the flange.
Referring to Figure 1, a roof purlin 1 having an I-, Z- or U-section consists of a top flange 2, a bottom flange 3 parallel therewith, and a web 4 which interconnects the top flange 2 and the bottom flange 3.
In the case of a roof covering 7 (see Figure 1) which is inclined from the horizontal 5 at a slight angle 6 (usually 3 to 20 degrees), the roof purlin 1 is subjected mainly to a vertical load q which is imposed by the roof covering, the weight of snow and the weight of the roof purlin 1 itself. The roof purlin 1 is subjected to further load by the wind pressure which acts on the gable and is represented by the compressive force PD.
After dividing up the load q into its two force components ql and q2, three stress distributions (see Figures 2, 3 and 4) can be determined in the known manner for the compressive stresses an and tensible stresses crz occuring in the section, these stresses being superposed to give a stress distribution as illustrated in Figure 5. The I-section forming the roof purlin is thus unevenly and asymmetrically loaded. The load on the top flange 2 is greater than that on the bottom flange 3; furthermore the right-hand outer edge of the top flange 2 is more heavily loaded than the left-hand outer edge, and the conditions are the same in the bottom flange 3, but the stress pattern is laterally inverted.
Figure 6 illustrates a roof purlin 1 in accordance with the invention and made of cold-rolled sheet-steel having a thickness of 2 > millimetres for example. Reinforcing strips 9, 91 are respectively provided on both the top flange 2 and the bottom flange 3 of this roof purlin 1, and each reinforcing strip is formed by bending over the top flange 2 and the bottom flange 3 respectively. The arrangement is such that the right-hand half of the top flange 2 at edge 10 and the diagonally opposite left-hand half of the bottom flange 3 at edge 101 each carries their respective reinforcing strip 9, 91 The width B of the top flange 2 is approximately twice as great as the width b of the bottom flange 3.The increase in parts of the cross-sections of the top flange 2 and the bottom flange 3 achieved by these arrangements largely take into account the stress distribution illustrated in Figure 5. The right-hand half of the top flange 2 has the greatest load-bearing cross-section which opposes the maximum compressive stress (rD at the right-hand outer edge ]0 of the top flange 2 in the resultant stress-distribution pattern seen in Figure 5.
The outer edge 1011 of the left-hand half of the top flange 2 and the outer edge 10111 of the right-hand half of the bottom flange 3 is in each case bent over through an angle of 180 degrees and extends a short distance inwardly towards the web 4.
Another roof purlin (Figure 7) in accordance with the invention is of Z-shaped crosssection. Here, the top flange 2 has a reinforcing strip 9 which extends over its entire width and is formed by twice bending a portion of the flange through 180 degrees. The bottom flange 3 is not reinforced, but its outer edge 10 is bent over and inwards through an angle of 180 degrees. The top flange 2 and the bottom flange 3 are of the same width, but because of its reinforcing strip 9 the cross-section of the top flange 2 is three times as great as that of the bottom flange 3.
Figure 8 illustrates a further roof purlin in accordance with the invention, this purline having a U-shaped cross-section. In this case the top flange 2 is more than twice as wide as the bottom flange 3. Approximately two-thirds of the width of the top flange 2 are strengthened by a reinforcing strip 9 which again is formed by bending over the top flange 2.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A roof purlin made of cold rolled sheet-steel having a single flat top flange, a single flat bottom flange and a single web joining the flanges wherein the top flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by means of a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from one edge of the top flange, the reinforcing strip being formed by bending the flange through 180 degrees, the web being of single thickness and imperforate.
2. A roof purlin as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reinforcing strip itself is bent through 180 degrees.
3. A roof purlin ,as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the lower flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from the edge of the lower flange opposite the edge of the top flange carrying its reinforcing strip, the reinforcing strip on the
lower flange being formed by bending the flange through 180 degrees.
4. A roof purlin as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the width of the top flange is equal to or greater than one and a half times the width of the bottom flange.
5. A roof purlin as claimed in any preceding claim wherein one outer edge of the top flange and/or of the bottom flange is bent back.
6. A roof purlin as claimed in any preceding claim which consists of a galvanized sheet-steel strip.
7. A roof purlin substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of
Figures 6 to 8 of the accompanying draw ings.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (7)
1. A roof purlin made of cold rolled sheet-steel having a single flat top flange, a single flat bottom flange and a single web joining the flanges wherein the top flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by means of a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from one edge of the top flange, the reinforcing strip being formed by bending the flange through 180 degrees, the web being of single thickness and imperforate.
2. A roof purlin as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reinforcing strip itself is bent through 180 degrees.
3. A roof purlin ,as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the lower flange is reinforced to part only of the width of the purlin by a reinforcing strip extending inwardly from the edge of the lower flange opposite the edge of the top flange carrying its reinforcing strip, the reinforcing strip on the
lower flange being formed by bending the flange through 180 degrees.
4. A roof purlin as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the width of the top flange is equal to or greater than one and a half times the width of the bottom flange.
5. A roof purlin as claimed in any preceding claim wherein one outer edge of the top flange and/or of the bottom flange is bent back.
6. A roof purlin as claimed in any preceding claim which consists of a galvanized sheet-steel strip.
7. A roof purlin substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of
Figures 6 to 8 of the accompanying draw ings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762631213 DE2631213A1 (en) | 1976-07-12 | 1976-07-12 | ROOF FAT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1590233A true GB1590233A (en) | 1981-05-28 |
Family
ID=5982743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2880977A Expired GB1590233A (en) | 1976-07-12 | 1977-07-08 | Roof purlin |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5334328A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT352962B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH619017A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2631213A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2358524A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1590233A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1116357B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3532522A1 (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1986-04-03 | Wickeder Eisen- und Stahlwerk GmbH, 5757 Wickede | Purlin of cold-rolled sheet metal for a pitched roof |
| DE3700429A1 (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1988-07-28 | Hollmann Niels | STEEL CROSSBAR LATCH FOR CONNECTING SEVERAL SHEET PANEL CARRIERS |
| JPS63185466U (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-29 | ||
| FR2631057B1 (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1992-04-03 | Profilcometube Gie | SUPPORT PROFILE OF A WALL, AND IN PARTICULAR OF AN OUTSIDE WALL OF A BUILDING SUCH AS A COVERING OR CLADDING |
| IT1289309B1 (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-10-02 | Mario Tosoni | DOUBLE TAU PROFILE. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR698997A (en) * | 1929-07-18 | 1931-02-09 | Improvements to resistance elements such as metal profiles | |
| US3332197A (en) * | 1964-06-30 | 1967-07-25 | James L Hinkle | Interlocked structural assemblies and stiffeners therefor |
| DE1752894A1 (en) * | 1968-08-01 | 1971-07-29 | Salzgitter Peine Stahlwerke | Process for the production of a track support for lower flange trolleys |
| JPS5146487B2 (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1976-12-09 | ||
| FR2251681A1 (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-06-13 | Jcdc Const Modernes | Metal support beam for suspended ceiling panels - is a metal sheet folded several times to form an I-beam |
-
1976
- 1976-07-12 DE DE19762631213 patent/DE2631213A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1977
- 1977-06-08 CH CH703477A patent/CH619017A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-07-07 AT AT487377A patent/AT352962B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-07-08 GB GB2880977A patent/GB1590233A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-11 JP JP8285177A patent/JPS5334328A/en active Pending
- 1977-07-11 FR FR7721308A patent/FR2358524A1/en active Granted
- 1977-07-11 IT IT5023177A patent/IT1116357B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2631213A1 (en) | 1978-01-19 |
| ATA487377A (en) | 1979-03-15 |
| JPS5334328A (en) | 1978-03-30 |
| FR2358524A1 (en) | 1978-02-10 |
| FR2358524B1 (en) | 1982-06-25 |
| AT352962B (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| CH619017A5 (en) | 1980-08-29 |
| IT1116357B (en) | 1986-02-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |