GB1590068A - Animal feed compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

The composition has a dry weight of 750 to 850 g/l, it assays 13.5-16.5% of urea nitrogen and 5.5-7.5% (by weight) of phosphorus. In a preferred form, it contains, in addition, certain proportions of ammonia nitrogen, sulphur, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine and cobalt. The composition is prepared by mixing, in the weight ratios corresponding to the above levels, urea phosphate and urea and by dissolving them in water; for the preferred composition, ammonium sulphate and the sulphates of the trace elements mentioned are added. The composition can be advantageously used with cellulosic vegetables low in nitrogen and phosphorus.

Description

(54) ANIMAL FEED COMPOUNDS (71) We, PRODUITS CHIMIQUES UGINE KUHLMANN, a French Body Corporate of 25 boulevard de l'Amiral Bruix, 75116 Paris, France, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to an aqueous liquid composition for the enrichment of cellulose vegetable matter for animal feeding.

The complementing of vegetable residues with compounds such as mineral salts, vitamins, hormones, molasses or residuary liquor from sugar refining has been the subject of many papers.

For example, Russian Patent No. 268,884 deals with the enrichment of beet pulp with a nutritive supplement consisting of orthophosphoric acid, urea and sodium sulphate in order to reduce loss through storage. German Patent No. 1,930,609 describes a food with good storage properties prepared by the incorporation of solid crystallised mineral salts into "cossettes" of beet pulp.

The attractive nutritional properties of mixtures of urea and urea phosphate are also known and in our French Patent No. 2,273,482 and our French Patent Of Addition No.

2309158 we describe a method of preparing nutritive compounds for animal feeding based on a mixture, in fixed proportions, of dry vegetable residues with a mixture of melted urea and urea phosphate.

However, these various methods to not yield entirely satisfactory results. Thus, for example, the addition of mixtures of crystallised products or of melted salts to the cellulosic vegetable matter can be difficult to carry out. Furthermore, the resultant foods can often be deficient, if not in nitrogenous substances and phosphorus, at least in sulphur, trace elements or vitamins, and this deficiency has to be made good by the introduction of supplementary additives.

According to the present invention there is provided a liquid aqueous composition for the enrichment of cellulose vegetable matter of very poor food value for animal feeding, the composition having a dry material content of 750 to 850 g/l and comprising 13.5 to 16.5%by weight of ureal nitrogen, 0 to 3.5 % ammoniacal nitrogen, 5.5 to 7.5 % phosphorus, 0 to 4% sulphur, 0 to 0.44% zinc, 0 to 0.15%manganese, 0 to 60 ppm by weight copper, 0 to 8 ppm iodine and 0 to 0.6 ppm cobalt.

The composition of the present invention may include all the basic elements needed for a good food, ureal nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, as well as the necessary trace elements: zinc, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt and the vitamins A, D3, E. When it is desired to introduce vitamins into the compositions of the invention, generally the following doses are used: vitamin A: 0 to 100,000 international units (I.U.), vitamin D3: 0 to 20,000 I.U., vitamin E : 0 to 20 I.U., each range being per kg of solution. The specific gravity of the composition of the invention is 1.25 to 1.30, its brookfield viscosity at 20"C is 9 to 11 centipoises and its crystallisation point is always below -6 C.

Because of its high dry material content the composition of the invention can be used without difficulty in existing dehydration plant and requires no further, or complementary, drying of the dry vegetable base which has been enriched in this way. It is perfectly clear and fluid, can be stored in tanks which are not agitated, and can be sprayed without difficulty, and without blocking, through the finest jets.

The present composition is particularly suitable for the enrichment of beet pulps but it can be used with advantage in general with all cellulose vegetable matter poor in nitrogen and in phosphorus, such as ground fodder, straw whether treated with soda or not, maize cobs, brans, chaff, fragments and bran from rice, ground draff from breweries, beetroot "cossettes", potato pulp, fruit pulp, especially of citrus fruits, sugar cane bagasses, ground nut shells and cacao husks, banana flour, and flour from different kinds of vegetable matter.

The composition for enriching cellulose vegetable matter according to the invention can be prepared starting from metallic salts by any suitable method, but the simplest method consists in mixing appropriate amounts of the starting crystallised salts, then dissolving them in the required amounts of water which are raised progressively to a temperature of 50 to 600 C.

Utilisation of all the salts which, in suitable proportions, make it possible to obtain the desired content of chemical elements is possible, but the use, apart from urea phosphate and urea, of ammonium sulphate and sulphates of the various other introduced metals is the most practical and most economic method of preparing the compounds according to the invention.

From the raw materials which are available it may be of advantage to use, instead of urea phosphate, phosphoric acid and the appropriate supplement of urea. In such a case the urea supplement is mixed in the crystallised form with the other salts and the phosphoric acid is previously added to the amount of water needed to give the desired content of dry material.

With the liquid compositions of the invention it is possible to obtain complete foods for ruminants which are of exceptional value in that they give proportions of the different components which are especially well adapted to complementing the vegetable residues and are particularly well suited to the feeding requirements of the ruminants.

The present compositions may be utilised for the enrichment of dehydrated vegetable matter for the manufacture on an industrial basis of liquid animal feeds, or directly, on the farm, for spraying animal foodstuffs.

A vegetable dehydration works constitutes a particularly advantageous site for the incorporation of the compositions of the invention in fodder, especially in beet pulps and dehydrated maize, with which it is possible to obtain complete foods which are perfectly adapted to fattening bull calves, the raising of heifers, and as a basic ration for dairy cattle. A tank, a pump, a flow meter, plastic hose and a spray nozzle are enough to ensure good distribution of the product.

The compositions of the present invention can be used by manufacturers of cattle feeding stuffs to make up economically and practically a liquid feed capable of meeting the requirements of cattle breeders. Thus the compositions of the present invention can be added to cellulose vegetable matter such as beet pulp, citrus pulp, sugar cane bagasse, straw, fodder or any fibrous matter. For example a food with 40/50%proteim c equivalent can be obtained by mixing 300 to 400 litres of the composition of the present invention with 400 litres of molasses and 250 litres of a pickling brine, a solution with 20% sodium chloride and 5% calcium chloride. A liquid composition of this type may equally well be sprinkled, and thereby supplement, the vegetable matter which is to be fed to animals, or it may be incoporated in a feeder of the ball type or of the licking wheel type.

The following Examples illustrate the invention.

Example 1 The available material is a dehydrated beet pulp with the following composition: - dry material ....... ....... ......... ............ 87.4 % - mineral materials ........ .. . ..... ... ........ ... 5 % of the dry material - total nitrogeneous material ..... ..... .... ... ... ..... .... 10.2 % " " - cellulose material ... ..... ... .. ... .... ........ .. ... ... 20.8 % " " fodder units ..... .... ... ........ ..... ...... .... ..... ....... 0.80% " " - phosphorus ... .... ..... ... . ... .... ... ...... .. ..... 0.1 % " " - calcium ....... ...... ... . .... ............... ... ........ 0.86% " " - magnesium .. ... .......... ... ...... ....... .......... 0.15% " " - sodium ............ ... .. ... . ... ... ..... ........ 0.11% " " Into 380 litres of water at ambient temperature the following crystallised salts are poured, in succession or previously mixed: - 328.500 kg of urea phosphate - 217.500 kg of urea - 60.500 kg of anhdrous ammonium sulphate - 9.840 kg of zinc sulphate heptahydrate - 2.430 kg of manganese sulphate monohydrate - 1.200 kg of copper sulphate pentahydrate and - 7 g of cobalt sulphate monohydrate.

Since dissolution is strongly endothermic the paste is kept at ambient temperature until dissolution is complete by means of an external source of heat. Once dissolution has ended the temperature is raised to 600C, kept there for about ten minutes, and then the mixture is allowed to cool.

In this way a metric ton of a clear, fluid liquor is obtained having a specific gravity of 1.282, Brookfield viscosity at 200C of 10, a titration value of 6.43% phosphorus and 17.23% nitrogen in all.

The liquor, prepared as just described, is sprayed over the beet pulp before it is dehydrated, at the rate of 35 litres of liquor per metric ton of pulp dry matter.

The pulp, thus complemented, dehydrated and conditioned in small rolls with a diameter of 7 to 10 mm, has the following compositions: - dry material ................. ................. 87.7 % - mineral material .. .............................. 7.4 % of the dry material - total nitrogenous material ............... ...... 14.8 % - cellulose material ................................ 20.2 % - fodder units .................. ........ 0.79% - phosphorus ..... ......... ..... ..... 0.39% - calcium . ........................ 0.86% " - sodium ......... ................... 0.11% - sulphur ..................... . 0.37% " - Mn ..................... ............. 113.2 ppm of dry material - Zn .... . .... .... . .... .. 89.4 ppm " " - Cu . ................ ........ 14.5 ppm " " This complemented beet pulp was used to feed a batch of 20 Salers bull calves in comparison with another batch of bull calves who were fed an uncomplemented pulp, i.e. a pulp having no addition of liquor in accordance with the present invention.

The daily rations of the test animals are shown in Table I.

Complemented batch Reference batch Complemented dry beet pulp Dry beet pulp as much as desired as much as desired 250 g dehydrated lucerne 1,250 g soya cake 1 kg hay 100 g vitaminised mineral compound 16/9 1 kg hay for the complemented batch there was a weekly addition of 3 millidn I.U. of vitamin A, 600,000 I.U. vitamin D3, 600 I.U. vitamin E, sprinkled over the ration, and all the animals were provided with blocks of sodium chlorate in the feeding trough, to lick.

In 120 days the test batch showed an average increase in weight of 1,418 g per animal per day, whereas the reference batch over the same period showed an increase of 1,221 g per animal per day.

The beet pulp, dehydrated and complemented as indicated above, was fed to a batch No. 1 of 8 cross-bred Blonde d'Aquitaine and Normande bull calves, the complemented pulp being given ad lib. A batch No. 2 of 8 pure-bred Charolaise bull calves was fed 4 kg per day per animal of complemented pulp plus 10 to 15 kg per day and per animal of maize ensilage, plus 300 g per day and per animal of soya cake.

In 92 days an average gain in weight of 1,566 g per animal per day was noted for batch No. 1 and 1,206 g per animal per day for batch No. 2.

Example 2 The material available was a dry citrus pulp of the following composition: - dry material .................. ...................................... 90% - total nitrogenous material .................. .................. 7.3% of the dry material - cellulose material ................ .................................. 14.4% " " - fodder units ................................. ......................... 0.9% " " phosphorous ................ ...................................... 0.13% " " - calcium ..... ..... ................................................ 2.18% " " - zinc .................. ........................................ 16.1 ppm " " - manganese .... ..................................................... 7.6 ppm " " - copper ................ .... ................................... 6.3 ppm " " 145 kg of phosphoric acid with a content of 46.17% P205, specific gravity 1.55 and nutritional quality (F : around 2 g/l, CaO: around 11 g/l, S04,: around 0.06%) was introduced into a vat. 145 kg of crystallised urea was poured into it. After dissolution at ambient temperature with agitation, 127 kg of water was added, then the following crystallised salts, either in succession or in a mixture: - 25.650 kg of ammonium sulphate - 4.200 kg of zinc sulphate - 1.050 kg of manganese sulphate - 0.525 kg of copper sulphate - 5.2 g of cobalt sulphate - 22 g of potassium iodide In this way,448.452 are obtained of a clear liquor, specific gravity 1.301 and Brookfield viscosity at 20 C 10.2, titration value 6.45% phosphorus and 16.27% total nitrogen.

The liquor, prepared as above, was sprayed over the citrus pulp at the rate of 30 litres of liquor per metric ton of dry pulp.

The citrus pulp, complemented in this way and dry, has the following composition: - dry material . ..... ......... 90% -total nitrongenous material . ..... 11.2% of the dry material - cellulose material ..... .......... .... 14% - fodder units .... 0.89% - phosphorus ..... 0.36% - calcium . 2.12% " - zinc . ..... ..... 102 ppm - manganese ............ 38 ppm - copper ........ ......... 18 ppm - cobalt ............. 0.1 ppm This citrus pulp, complemented in this way and with the addition of 8 to 10% of ground nut cake constitutes a complete food which is very satisfactory for bovine animals for fattening.

-Example 3 The available material was bagasses of sugar cane which was subjected simultaneously to a 50% molasses treatment and complementing at the rate of 3 litres of liquid enrichment compound prepared in Example 1 for 100 kg of molasses-treated bagasse.

A product is obtained which contains: - 64.2% by weight of cane bagasse - 32.1% " " cane molasses - 3.7% " " liquor (Example 1) Which has the following composition: Per cent of dry material ppm of dry material Total Cellu- Phos- Cal- Zn Mn Cu Co nitro- lose forus cium genous material Cane bagasse 0.83 31.4 Cane molasses 1.38 0.03 0.38 18.1 25.5 Liquor 3.93 0.23 71.3 25.5 9.9 0.008 6.14 31.4 0.26 0.38 71.3 43.6 35.4 0.008 This product is a good maintenance food, well balanced, for cattle.

-Example 4 The available material was barely straw of the following average composition: - dry material ... ... ....... ....... . . 88.2 % - total nitrogenous material . ............................. .... 4.1% - cellulose material .............. .............................. 42.4% - phosphorus ..................... .................... 0.08% - calcium ...... ................. ......................... 0.3 % This straw was finely ground into particles of the order of 1 mm length.

The straw thus ground was sprayed with the enrichment liquor of Example 1 at the rate of 3 1 per 100 kg of ground straw.

This product is next passed through a press with drawplate and at this treatment stage 10% of cane molasses is incorporated.

A food is then obtained with the following composition in kilograms per cent; it is satisfying maintenance food for ruminants, its value being approximately comparable with a very good hay.

Composi- Dry Total Cellu- Phos- Calcium tion % material nitro- lose phorus by weight genous material Ground straw 87.5 77.17 3.59 37.1 0.07 0.26 Cane molasses 9.1 7 0.12 0.009 0.11 Liquor 3.4 3.61 0.209 TOTAL 100 84.17 7.32 37.1 0.288 0.37 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. An aqueous liquid composition for the enrichment of cellulose vegetable matter for animal feeding, the composition having a dry material content of 750 to 850 g/l and comprising 13.5 to 16.5% by weight of ureal nitrogen, 0 to 3.5% ammoniacal nitrogen, 5.5 to 7.5% phosphorus, 0 to 4% sulphur, 0 to 0.44% zinc, 0 to 0.15% manganese, 0 to 60 ppm by weight copper, 0 to 8 ppm iodine and 0 to 0.6 ppm cobalt.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 which also comprises vitamins A, D3 and E.

3. A composition according to Claim 1 substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.

4. A method of preparing a liquid composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3, which method comprises mixing urea phosphate, urea, anhydrous ammonium sulphate, ZnSO4, 7H2O, MnSO4. H2O, CuSO4, 5H2O, Kland CoSO4,H2O in such proportions that the various chemical elements of the composition are present in the specified amounts, and then dissolving the resulting mixture in water.

5. A method according to Claim 4, wherein the urea phosphate is replaced by corresponding amounts of urea and of phosphoric acid.

6. A method according to Claim 4, substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.

7. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 when prepared by a method as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 6.

8. An animal foodstuff comprising cellulose vegetable matter and a liquid composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 and 7.

9. An animal foodstuff according to Claim 8 substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (9)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. This product is a good maintenance food, well balanced, for cattle. -Example 4 The available material was barely straw of the following average composition: - dry material ... ... ....... ....... . . 88.2 % - total nitrogenous material . ............................. .... 4.1% - cellulose material .............. .............................. 42.4% - phosphorus ..................... .................... 0.08% - calcium ...... ................. ......................... 0.3 % This straw was finely ground into particles of the order of 1 mm length. The straw thus ground was sprayed with the enrichment liquor of Example 1 at the rate of 3 1 per 100 kg of ground straw. This product is next passed through a press with drawplate and at this treatment stage 10% of cane molasses is incorporated. A food is then obtained with the following composition in kilograms per cent; it is satisfying maintenance food for ruminants, its value being approximately comparable with a very good hay. Composi- Dry Total Cellu- Phos- Calcium tion % material nitro- lose phorus by weight genous material Ground straw 87.5 77.17 3.59 37.1 0.07 0.26 Cane molasses 9.1 7 0.12 0.009 0.11 Liquor 3.4 3.61 0.209 TOTAL 100 84.17 7.32 37.1 0.288 0.37 WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. An aqueous liquid composition for the enrichment of cellulose vegetable matter for animal feeding, the composition having a dry material content of 750 to 850 g/l and comprising 13.5 to 16.5% by weight of ureal nitrogen, 0 to 3.5% ammoniacal nitrogen, 5.5 to 7.5% phosphorus, 0 to 4% sulphur, 0 to 0.44% zinc, 0 to 0.15% manganese, 0 to 60 ppm by weight copper, 0 to 8 ppm iodine and 0 to 0.6 ppm cobalt.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 which also comprises vitamins A, D3 and E.

3. A composition according to Claim 1 substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.

4. A method of preparing a liquid composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3, which method comprises mixing urea phosphate, urea, anhydrous ammonium sulphate, ZnSO4, 7H2O, MnSO4. H2O, CuSO4, 5H2O, Kland CoSO4,H2O in such proportions that the various chemical elements of the composition are present in the specified amounts, and then dissolving the resulting mixture in water.

5. A method according to Claim 4, wherein the urea phosphate is replaced by corresponding amounts of urea and of phosphoric acid.

6. A method according to Claim 4, substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.

7. A composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 when prepared by a method as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 6.

8. An animal foodstuff comprising cellulose vegetable matter and a liquid composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 and 7.

9. An animal foodstuff according to Claim 8 substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.