GB1588440A - Method of upgrading a titaniferous ore utilising reductive roasting - Google Patents
Method of upgrading a titaniferous ore utilising reductive roasting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1588440A GB1588440A GB39190/77A GB3919077A GB1588440A GB 1588440 A GB1588440 A GB 1588440A GB 39190/77 A GB39190/77 A GB 39190/77A GB 3919077 A GB3919077 A GB 3919077A GB 1588440 A GB1588440 A GB 1588440A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sulphur
- ilmenite
- iron
- process according
- sodium chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910009815 Ti3O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005569 Iron sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910005451 FeTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1204—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1204—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent
- C22B34/1209—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent by dry processes, e.g. with selective chlorination of iron or with formation of a titanium bearing slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(54) IMPROVED METHOD OF UPGRADING A TITANIFEROUS
ORE UTILISING REDUCTIVE ROASTING
(71) We, WESTERN TITANIUM LTD., a Company incorporated under the laws of the State of Victoria, of Titanium House, 643 Murray Street, West Perth, in the State of
Western Australia, Commonwealth of Australia, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to upgrading titaniferous ores, especially ilmenite, by reductive roasting.
There are a number of methods well described in the literature for the upgrading of ilmenite by the removal of iron to produce a product containing in excess of 90% TiO2.
Ilmenite is a naturally occurring mineral of the hypothetical formula FeTiO3. Most ilmenites however contain a considerable amount of other elements and consequently the theoretical titanium dioxide and iron contents are rarely present. Common impurities are manganese and magnesium, which elements form solid solution series with iron-rich ilmenite and may even form magnesium or manganese end members of this solid solution series.
One method of upgrading ilmenite comprises reducing the iron oxides in ilmenite either by carbon gaseous mixtures or by solid reductants to the metallic state, and removing the metallic iron so formed either physically or preferably by some leach process to leave a TiO-enriched residual product. Such processes are well described in the literature.
It has been found in practice that the degree of metallisation that can be achieved when reducing ilmenite is limited. The degree of metallisation is a measure of the amount of total iron originally present as iron oxides in the ilmenite that can be reduced to the metallic state. The thermodynamics of the reduction of ilmenite have been studied using mainly synthetic ilmenite. In general the thermodynamics are unfavourable compared with normal iron ores not containing titanium. While this fact can account in part for the limited degree of metallisation achieved, in practice it is not the entire reason for these limitations. In fluid bed or kiln reductions, oxygen partial pressures at a level of 10-16 or 10-17 mm. Hg can be obtained and it would normally be expected that at these levels a very high degree of metallisation would be achieved.However levels in excess of 95 or 96% are not normally obtained.
Due to the formation of Ti3+ during reduction it has been found that, when this Ti3+ is incorporated into the phases of the Fe-TixOy system, extended regions of stoichiometry result as observed in the phase diagram of McChesney and Muan (Amer. Mineral 46 1961, 572-82) As a result of this, at low oxygen partial pressures of approximately 10-14 mm. Hg, alternate two and three solid phase reduced rutile plus iron assemblages are stable. Thus reduction of pure ilmenite should result in a mixture of reduced rutiles and metallic iron only. The degree of metallisation is then a function only of the incorporation of Fe2+ into the reduced rutile phase, and very high degrees of metallisation would be expected.
However, these are not obtained in practice. Most natural ilmenites contain 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of manganese oxide, usually as a solid solution of MnTiOA in FeTiO3, and this
manganese has a very adverse effect on the degree of iron metallisation that can be
achieved. In reduction of natural Mn-containing ilmenites, the Mn2+ and residual Fe2+ will concentrate in a Ti3O5-rich anosovite phase. No practical gaseous reduction procedure will produce Mn Metal. Due to the phase equilibria that then exist, and this formation of a M305 (solid solution) stable phase containing iron and stabilised by manganese, the amount of iron that can be reduced is consequently limited.
The phases thus formed are extremely stable, and even leaching in strong acids will not remove the iron and manganese remaining after all metallic iron has been removed. Thus the composition of the final upgraded product is limited by these impurites.
This invention has as its main object the provision of modifications in the abovedescribed process which allow substantial proportions of this residual iron and manganese to be solubilised so that they can be removed either by washing with dilute acid or even water.
We have found that by the incorporation of a small amount of chlorine-containing compound, together with sulphur or a sulphur-containing compound, at the reduction stage, most of the residual non-metallic iron can be solubilized as well as a proportion of the manganese.
According to the present invention, a process for the beneficiation of titaniferous iron ores, including previously upgraded ores, containing manganese impurities comprises heating the ore at a temperature within the range of 1000"C to 12500C in the presence of a reducing agent, sodium chloride and sulphur or a sulphur-containing compound in amounts effective to reduce or inhibit the production of unleachable Ti3O5-rich anosovite phase and thereby increase the degree of metallization, the proportions of the sodium chloride and the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound each being not more than 10% by weight of the ore, so as to produce metallic iron, titanium dioxide, and a reduced amount of an unleachable Ti305-rich anosovite phase, and subsequently removing the metallic iron by leaching.
As indicated above, the process of the invention is especially concerned with the beneficiation of ilmenite.
The preferred quantities of sodium chloride added at the reduction stage generally range from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the ore.
The sulphur-containing compound may be a solid or a gaseous compound. The latter may be SO2 while the preferred solid compounds are metallic or ammonium sulphates or bisulphates, such as sodium sulphate, sodium bisulphate, ammonium sulphate, most preferably iron sulphate. These may be added in quantities of 0.1% - 10% by weight of the ore.
The weight ratio of the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound to the chlorinecontaining compound can be widely varied but it is preferably in the range 1:20 to 20:1.
The preferred reduction time is in the range to 16 hours.
Any suitable reductant known per se in the art may be used; for example, reducing gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons, inlcuding natural gas, producer or water gas and reformed naphtha; liquid hydrocarbons, such as fuel oil; or solid reductants such as coke or coal; and mixtures of any such reductants.
Leaching of the reduced product can also be carried out with any suitable leachant known per se in the art. The most preferred technique is to remove the metallic iron by accelerated oxidation with atmospheric oxygen ("rusting") in an aqueous medium. Alternatively or additionally acid leaching may be used, this being especially useful where significant amounts of manganese are to be removed.
The process of the invention can be applied to previously upgraded ores, such as an upgraded ilmenite containing say in excess of 85% TiO2 to reduce the residual iron and manganese impurities, or it can be applied to the as-mined or dressed ore. All such materials are to be considered as falling within the scope of the term "ore" as used herein.
The invention is applicable to the treatment of such ores by either batch or continuous reductive roasting processes.
As thus applied,, the process of the invention overcomes, at least in part, the adverse effects of the presence of small amounts of manganese and residual Fe2+ in stabilising the M305 solid solution phase by reducing the amount of manganese available for incorporation into the M305 phase. The amount of iron incorporated into the MXOS phase is decreased and the amount of iron that can be reduced to the metallic state is consequently increased.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
Example 1
An upgraded ilmenite containing between 91.0 - 91.5% TiO2 and 4.9 - 5.3% iron, expressed as Fe,Ol, and 2.2% manganese, expressed as MnO, was fed to a kiln 2.4m diameter and 30 m long and fired with coal to maintain a temperature of approximately 1100 C. A mixture of equal parts of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate was added to the kiln at the rate of 15-20% by weight of the upgraded ilmenite and final product discharging from the kiln separated by screening from the char formed from the burning of the coal and then leached by 4 % by weight sulphuric acid solution for 2 hours at ambient temperature.
A comparison of feed material and the leach product is given in the following table.
TABLE 1
Feed Leached Product
% TiO2 91.0 - 91.5 94.6
% Fe as Fe203 4.9 - 5.3 0.74
% Mn as MnO 2.2 1.2
This shows quite clearly the effect of roasting the upgraded ilmenite with sodium chloride and a sulphur compound and has resulted in the production after leaching of a product containing 94.6% TiO2, 0.74% Fe expressed as Fe203 and 1.2 % Mn expressed as MnO.
This means that approximately 85% of the residual iron and 40% of the residual manganese has been removed.
Example 2
A reduction kiln 2.4m in diameter by 30m in length was fed with hot pre-oxidised ilmenite and maintained at a temperature of 1150"C to 12000C, by the use of coal. The oxidised ilmenite was fed to this kiln at the rate of 2.2 - 2.6 tph and the sodium chloride and sulphur added at the rate of 1.65 - 20% by weight of the ilmenite and 0.6 % by weight of the ilmenite, respectively. The product from the reduction kiln was cooled and the reduced ilmenite separated from the residual char by means of screening and magnetic separation.
The reduced ilmenite was then treated by an accelerated rusting process to remove metallic iron and then finally leached with 4% sulphuric acid. The final product resulting from this treatment contained between 92.0 - 93.3% TiO2, a total iron content of 2.2% and a manganese content of 1.1% expressed as MnO. Without the addition of the additives the material would normally contain approximately 4-5% total iron and 1.7-1.8% Mn expressed as MnO.
Example 3
Samples of oxidised ilmenite were reduced at 11500C with Collie coal char, and with the addition of varying amounts of a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate. After reduction the reduced ilmenite was leached with HCI to remove metallic iron and then with 4% sulphuric acid to remove any solubilised manganese. The results are plotted graphically in the accompanying drawing. It will be noted that very substantial removal of the manganese has been achieved in these tests and that the addition of sodium chloride has allowed manganese removal to take place at lower concentrations of sulphate.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A process for the beneficiation of titaniferous iron ores, including previously upgraded ores, containing manganese impurities which comprises heating the ore at a temperature within the range of 1000"C to 12500C in the presence of a reducing agent, sodium chloride, and sulphur or a sulphur-containing compound in amounts effective to reduce or inhibit the production of unleachable TiXOs-rich anosovite phase and thereby increase the degree of metallization, the proportions of the sodium chloride and the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound each being not more than 10% by weight of the ore, so as to produce metallic iron, titanium dioxide and a reduced amount of an unleachable Ti3O5-rich anosovite phase, and subsequently removing the metallic iron by leaching.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which the sodium chloride and the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound are added in quantities such that their combined weight constitutes less than 1OC/o of the weight of the ore.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, in which the sulphur-containing compound is a metallic sulphate or bisulphate.
4. A process according to claim 3, in which the metallic sulphate or bisulphate is sodium sulphate, sodium bisulphate, or iron sulphate.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the sulphur-containing compound is ammonium sulphate.
6. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the weight ratio of the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound to the sodium chloride is in the range of 1:20 to 20:1.
7. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the ore is heated in the reduction stage for a period of between 1/2 and 16 hours.
8. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the metallic iron is leached by accelerated oxidation with atmospheric oxygen in an aqueous medium.
9. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the metallic iron is leached with mineral acid.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (12)
1. A process for the beneficiation of titaniferous iron ores, including previously upgraded ores, containing manganese impurities which comprises heating the ore at a temperature within the range of 1000"C to 12500C in the presence of a reducing agent, sodium chloride, and sulphur or a sulphur-containing compound in amounts effective to reduce or inhibit the production of unleachable TiXOs-rich anosovite phase and thereby increase the degree of metallization, the proportions of the sodium chloride and the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound each being not more than 10% by weight of the ore, so as to produce metallic iron, titanium dioxide and a reduced amount of an unleachable Ti3O5-rich anosovite phase, and subsequently removing the metallic iron by leaching.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which the sodium chloride and the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound are added in quantities such that their combined weight constitutes less than 1OC/o of the weight of the ore.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, in which the sulphur-containing compound is a metallic sulphate or bisulphate.
4. A process according to claim 3, in which the metallic sulphate or bisulphate is sodium sulphate, sodium bisulphate, or iron sulphate.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the sulphur-containing compound is ammonium sulphate.
6. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the weight ratio of the sulphur or sulphur-containing compound to the sodium chloride is in the range of 1:20 to 20:1.
7. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the ore is heated in the reduction stage for a period of between 1/2 and 16 hours.
8. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the metallic iron is leached by accelerated oxidation with atmospheric oxygen in an aqueous medium.
9. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the metallic iron is leached with mineral acid.
10. A process according to any preceding claim, in which the titaniferous ore is
ilmenite.
11. A process according to claim 1 for the beneficiation of ilmenite substantially as hereinbefore described in any one of the Examples.
12. Beneficiated titaniferous iron ores when produced by the process of any of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPC746676 | 1976-09-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1588440A true GB1588440A (en) | 1981-04-23 |
Family
ID=3766774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB39190/77A Expired GB1588440A (en) | 1976-09-22 | 1977-09-20 | Method of upgrading a titaniferous ore utilising reductive roasting |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1103933A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1588440A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY8200161A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ185224A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA775662B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1217083A2 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 2002-06-26 | Wimmera Industrial Minerals Pty. Ltd. | Production of synthetic rutile |
-
1977
- 1977-09-20 GB GB39190/77A patent/GB1588440A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-21 ZA ZA00775662A patent/ZA775662B/en unknown
- 1977-09-21 CA CA287,207A patent/CA1103933A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-21 NZ NZ185224A patent/NZ185224A/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-12-31 MY MY1982161A patent/MY8200161A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1217083A2 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 2002-06-26 | Wimmera Industrial Minerals Pty. Ltd. | Production of synthetic rutile |
| EP1217083A3 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 2002-10-23 | Wimmera Industrial Minerals Pty. Ltd. | Production of synthetic rutile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1103933A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| ZA775662B (en) | 1978-07-26 |
| MY8200161A (en) | 1982-12-31 |
| NZ185224A (en) | 1979-12-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5427749A (en) | Production of synthetic rutile | |
| US3252787A (en) | Process for producing titanium dioxide concentrate and other useful products from ilmenite and similar ores | |
| US6500396B1 (en) | Separation of titanium halides from aqueous solutions | |
| US4199552A (en) | Process for the production of synthetic rutile | |
| US4085190A (en) | Production of rutile from ilmenite | |
| US4187281A (en) | Hydrometallurgical recovery of cobalt and nickel | |
| US4269809A (en) | Recovery in titanium metal values by solvent extraction | |
| US5601630A (en) | Process for the production of synthetic rutile | |
| US4321236A (en) | Process for beneficiating titaniferous materials | |
| US4120694A (en) | Process for purifying a titanium-bearing material and upgrading ilmenite to synthetic rutile with sulfur trioxide | |
| US3803287A (en) | Method for producing titanium concentrate | |
| US3967954A (en) | Pre-leaching or reduction treatment in the beneficiation of titaniferous iron ores | |
| US4038364A (en) | Reduction of iron in titanium ore | |
| US3875286A (en) | Beneficiation of ilmenite ores | |
| US2912320A (en) | Process for treating materials containing titanium and iron | |
| Khasanov et al. | Technology for the Reduction of Iron Oxides in Fluidized Bed Furnaces | |
| US4119697A (en) | Production of titanium metal values | |
| US4551312A (en) | Process for converting molybdenite to molybdenum oxide | |
| US4562048A (en) | Process for the treatment of metal-bearing ores | |
| GB1588440A (en) | Method of upgrading a titaniferous ore utilising reductive roasting | |
| US3772423A (en) | Hydrometallurgical recovery of metal values | |
| US3193382A (en) | Process for the recovery of zinc from zinc plant residues | |
| US4454013A (en) | Method of separating iron and its alloy metals from fine-grained crude oxidic products | |
| CA1134621A (en) | Hydrometallurgical recovery of metal values | |
| US4328192A (en) | Ammoniacal nickel leach of laterites |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |