GB1585870A - Hydraulic control assemblies for vehicle braking systems - Google Patents
Hydraulic control assemblies for vehicle braking systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1585870A GB1585870A GB4611477A GB4611477A GB1585870A GB 1585870 A GB1585870 A GB 1585870A GB 4611477 A GB4611477 A GB 4611477A GB 4611477 A GB4611477 A GB 4611477A GB 1585870 A GB1585870 A GB 1585870A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pressure space
- piston
- fluid
- assembly
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
- B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
- B60T13/142—Systems with master cylinder
- B60T13/147—In combination with distributor valve
Description
(54) HYDRAULIC CONTROL ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEMS
(71) W, GIRLING LIMITED, a British
Company, of Kings Road, Tyseley, Birmingham 11, do hereby declare this invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to hydraulic control assemblies for use in vehicle hydraulic braking systems of the kind adapted to supply hydraulic fluid under pressure to respective braking circuits for operating front and rear wheel brakes.
In one known control assembly, two valve assemblies are provided for metering the supply of fluid from respective sources of fluid under pressure, for example pumps and accumulators, to the separate front and rear wheel braking circuits. The valve assemblies are actuated by a pedal-operated member.
This assembly is relatively expensive as two separate pumps and accumulators must be provided.
In another known control assembly a tandem master cylinder assembly is provided, with separate pressure spaces connected to the respective braking circuits, and a servo booster operated from a source of fluid under pressure is adapted to actuate the master cylinder assembly. The provision of a servo booster makes this assembly also relatively expensive.
In another known control assembly a tandem master cylihder assembly is actuated by a valve assembly which is operated from a source of hydraulic fluid under pressure. This is also relatively expensive, and the brake response under cold weather conditions may be quite slow.
According to our invention in an hydraulic control assembly for a vehicle hydraulic braking system comprising a pedal-operated master cylinder assembly including a housing having a first cylinder bore, a piston having a first end and a second end working in said first cylinder bore to pressurise fluid in a first pressure space in the cylinder bore in advance of the piston and to which the second end of the piston is exposed, a pedal, a rod through which the pedal acts on the first end of the piston to advance the piston in the cylinder bore to pressurise fluid in the first pressure space, the housing also having a first outlet for connection to a first braking circuit and leading from the first pressure space and with which the first pressure space is in free open communication at all times so that fluid in the first pressure space can be supplied to the first outlet only directly by pressurisation of fluid in the first pressure space by the piston, and a control valve assembly for controlling communication between an inlet for connection to a source of hydraulic fluid under pressure and a second outlet for connection to a second braking circuit, the control valve assembly is operable in response to pressurised fluid in the first pressure space, the piston is adapted to be advanced in the bore only by the rod, and there is no connection between the pressure space and the first end of the piston.
Preferably the control valve assembly incorporates a valve member which is guided to slide in a second cylinder bore in a housing and is exposed at one end to the first pressure space.
The first and second cylinder bores are preferably co-axial and are disposed within a common housing.
Thus the master cylinder assembly provides operating fluid under pressure for part of the braking system, for example for rear wheel brakes of a vehicle, and at the same time operates the control valve assembly which meters operating fluid supplied by a source, such as an accumulator, for supply to the rest of the braking system, for example the front wheel brakes.
In an alternative embodiment the control valve assembly may be adapted to meter a supply of operating fluid in both the front and rear wheel brakes, and the master cylinder assembly is then adapted to supply operating fluid to auxiliary pistons in the front wheel brakes.
This embodiment is particularly suitable for- use in an anti-skid braking system in corporating anti-skid means in the power circuit for detecting when the deceleration of a braked wheel exceeds a pre-determined value and relieving the braking pressure with a single valve under these circumstances.
In the hydraulic control assembly according to the invention the brakes can still be applied in the event of failure of one part of the assembly. If the source of hydraulic fluid under pressure fails, the brakes connected to the first pressure space can still be applied by the master cylinder assembly, and if the master cylinder assembly fails, its piston can be pushed through to apply the control valve assembly directly. Thus the hydraulic control assembly is less expensive and less complex than some of the other known assemblies as only one pump and one accumulator are necessary to achieve a satisfactory performance even when one part of the circuit has failed. Another advantage is that equivalent pedal effort to those necessary in the known control assembly incorporating a booster described above can be achieved in our assembly without the necessity for a booster.This is because only one pair of brakes are operated manually. Hence, for a given volume of fluid displacement and a given stroke, the diameter of the master cylinder piston can be reduced, resulting in a lower pedal effort for a given pressure. The advantage gained by this is equivalent to that gained in a typical hydraulic control assembly incorporating a booster.
Preferably the pressure supplied to the second outlet when the control valve assembly is actuated also acts on the control valve assembly in opposition to the applied pressure in the first pressure space. This provides a reaction or "feel" at the pedal so that an operator has a direct feel of the total braking effort. This also either provides or enhances a positive closing force for the control valve assembly when the brakes are released.
The hydraulic control assembly also has a low hysteresis level.
Some embodiments of our invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an hydraulic control assembly for a vehicle hydraulic braking system;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic layout of an hydraulic braking system incorporating the control assembly; and
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic layout of another hydraulic braking system.
In the hydraulic control assembly illustrated in Figure 1 a housing l has a first longitudinally extending cylinder bore 2 of stepped diameter housing a pedal-operated master cylinder assembly 2 and provided with a first exhaust port 4 for connection to a reservoir for hydraulic fluid (not shown) and a first outlet port 5 for connection to a first braking circuit. A second longitudinally extending cylinder bore 6 co-axial with, and of larger diameter than the first bore 2 houses a control valve assembly 7 and is provided with an inlet port 8 for connection fo a source of hydraulic fluid under pressure, for example an accumulator, a second exhaust port 9 for connection to a reservoir, and a second outlet port 10 for connection to a second braking circuit.A pedal-operated input member 11 extends through a boot 12 at the outer end of the core 2 to operate the master cylinder assembly 3.
The master cylinder assembly 3 comprises a stepped piston 13 working in the bore 2 and extending through a seal 14 into a first pressure space 15 in the part of the bore 2 in which the outlet port 5 is located. The piston 13 has a blind bore 16 at its inner end communicating with the first pressure space 15.
A radial recuperation port 17 extending from the bore 16 is spaced from the seal 14 in the inoperative position of the piston 13 shown in Figure 1 so that the first pressure space 15 is in communication with the exhaust port 4 through the bore 16, the recuperation port 17 and axial bores 18 in an annular member 19 disposed between the seal 14 and a shoulder at the step in diameter of the bore 2. The piston 13 is urged towards the inoperative position shown by a return spring 20 mounted in the first pressure space 15.
The control valve assembly 7 comprises a valve spool 21 working in a sleeve 22 in the bore 6. The spool 21 is exposed at one end to the first pressure space 15 and at the other end to a second pressure space 23 at the outer end of the bore 6 which is closed by a plug 24 which clamps the sleeve 22 against a shoulder at a diameter in between the bores 2 and 6. The vlave spool 21 comprises a stemportion 25 of reduced diameter which is provided at opposed ends with head portions 26, 27 for controlling communication between a series of radial ports in the sleeve 22.
A drilled axial passage 28 in the valve spool 21 connects a chamber 29 surrounding the stem portion 25 with the second pressure space 23. The valve spool 21 is normally urged by a return spring 20 into the position shown in Figure 1. In this position the valve assembly 7 is closed and the inlet port 8, which communicates with radial passages 31 in the sleeve 22, is cut-off by the head portion 26, and the second outlet port 10, which communicates with radial passages 32 in the sleeve, is in communication with the second exhaust port 9 through the chamber 29 and radial passages 33 in the sleeve 22.
When the brake pedal is depressed to actuate the assembly the input member 11 advances the piston 13 in the bore 2 to move the recuperation port - 17 inwardly of the seal 14. This cuts-off communication between the exhaust port 4 and the first pressure space 15. Thereafter, upon further movement of the piston 13 in the same direction, fluid in the pressure space 15 is pressurised and is supplied to the first braking circuit through the first outlet port 5. Pressurised fluid in the pressure space 15 also acts on the valve spool 21 to urge it towards the plug 24.The head portion 27 covers the radial port 33 in the sleeve to cut-off communication from the exhaust port 9 and the head portion 26 uncovers the radial port 31 to connect the inlet port 8 to the second outlet port 10 so that pressurised fluid from the accumulator is supplied to the second braking circuit.
After the valve assembly 7 opens pres-, surised fluid supplied to the second outlet port 10 through the chamber 29 is also fed through the drilled passage 28 to the second pressure space 23 where it acts on the spool valve 21 in opposition to the pressurised fluid in the pressure space 15. The pressure in the pressure space 15 provides a reaction or "feel" at the pedal in proportion to the braking effort.
When the applied fluid on the pedal is released, the piston 13 is urged rearwardly into the position shown in Figure 1 by the return spring 20. This, exhausts the first pressure space 15 to the reservoir through the exhaust port 4. Upon relief of the pressure in the space 15 the valve spool 21 is then returned to the inoperative position shown by the force in the return spring 30.
The hydraulic control assembly shown in
Figure 1 may, for example, be incorporated in a braking system of the type shown in
Figure 2, or the type shown in Figure 3.
In the system illustrated in Figure 2 the first outlet port 5 is connected to a first braking circuit 38 comprising interconnected pipe lines 29 and 30 which are connected to the rear wheel brakes 41. The second outlet port 10 is connected to a second braking circuit 42 comprising interconnected pipe lines 43 and 44 connected to the front wheel brakes 45, with an accumulator 46 provida supply of pressurised fluid at the inlet port 8. Thus, in this system, the master cylinder assembly 3 is adapted to acutate the rear wheel brakes 41 and the control valve assembly 7 is adapted to actuate the front brakes 45.
In the system shown in, Figure 3, which is particularly suitable when anti-skid means are incorporated, the second outlet port 10 is connected to a second braking circuit comprising interconnected pipe lines 47, 48, 49 and 50 connected to front and rear wheel brakes 51 and 52, respectively, and the first outlet port 5 is connected to a first braking circuit 53 comprising intercnonected pipe lines 54 and 55 connected to auxiliary front
s
wheel brakes 56, or additional actuators for,
the front wheel brakes 50.
In the event of failure of the master cylinder
assembly 3, the piston 13 can be pushed
through the first pressure space 15 to operate
the spool valve 21 directly. Under such cir
cumstances feel is provided by the pressure in
the pressure space 23. Thus, in the system
shown in Figure 2, the front wheel brakes 43
would still be applied, and ,in the system
shown in Figure 3, both the front and rear
wheel brakes would be applied. In the event
of failure of the supply of hydraulic fluid
from the accumulator 46, the first braking
circuit can still be supplied with pressurised
fluid by the master cylinder assembly 3.
Thus part of the brakes will still be applied
when one part of the control assembly fails.
The hydraulic control assembly described
above is particularly suitable for use in brak
ing systems for fairly light vehicles, particu- larly vehicles weighing less than 4500 Ibs.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. An hydraulic control assembly for a
vehicle hydraulic braking system comprising
a pedal-operated master cylinder assembly
including a housing having a first cylinder
bore, a piston having a first end and a second
end working in said first cylinder bore to
pressurise 'fluid in a first pressure space in the
cylinder bore in advance of the piston and to
which the second end of the piston is exposed,
a pedal, a rod through which the pedal acts
on the first end of the piston to advance the
piston in the cylinder bore to pressurise fluid
in the first pressure space, the housing having
a first outlet for connection to a first braking
circuit and leading from the first pressure
space and with which the first pressure space
is in free open communication at all times so
that fluid in the first pressure space can be
supplied to the first outlet only directly by
pressurisation of fluid in the first pressure
space by- the- piston, and a control valve
assembly for controlling communication be
tween an inlet for connection to a source of
hydraulic fluid under pressure and a second
outlet for connection to a secons braking
circuit, in which the control valve assembly is
operable in response to pressurised fluid in the first pressure space, the piston is adapted to be advanced in the bore only by
the rod, and there is no connection between the pressure space~ and the first end of the
piston.
2. An hydraulic actuated assembly as
claimed in Claim 1, in which the control valve
assembly incorporates a valve member which
is guided to slide in a second cylinder bore
in a housing and is exposed at one end to the
first pressure space.
3. An hydraulic actuator assembly as
claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (12)
1. An hydraulic control assembly for a
vehicle hydraulic braking system comprising
a pedal-operated master cylinder assembly
including a housing having a first cylinder
bore, a piston having a first end and a second
end working in said first cylinder bore to
pressurise 'fluid in a first pressure space in the
cylinder bore in advance of the piston and to
which the second end of the piston is exposed,
a pedal, a rod through which the pedal acts
on the first end of the piston to advance the
piston in the cylinder bore to pressurise fluid
in the first pressure space, the housing having
a first outlet for connection to a first braking
circuit and leading from the first pressure
space and with which the first pressure space
is in free open communication at all times so
that fluid in the first pressure space can be
supplied to the first outlet only directly by
pressurisation of fluid in the first pressure
space by- the- piston, and a control valve
assembly for controlling communication be
tween an inlet for connection to a source of
hydraulic fluid under pressure and a second
outlet for connection to a secons braking
circuit, in which the control valve assembly is
operable in response to pressurised fluid in the first pressure space, the piston is adapted to be advanced in the bore only by
the rod, and there is no connection between the pressure space~ and the first end of the
piston.
2. An hydraulic actuated assembly as
claimed in Claim 1, in which the control valve
assembly incorporates a valve member which
is guided to slide in a second cylinder bore
in a housing and is exposed at one end to the
first pressure space.
3. An hydraulic actuator assembly as
claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the
first and second cylinder bores are co-axial and are disposed in a common housing.
4. An hydraulic actuator assembly as claimed in Claim 2, in which the valve member comprises a spool having a stem portion of reduced diameter provided at opposite ends with first and second enlarged heads which work in the second bore, the first head being subjected to a force developed by pressure in the first pressure space, and a return spring acting on the second head in opposition to the said force to urge the spool towards a retracted position.
5. An hydraulic actuator assembly as claimed in Claim 4, in which a second pressure space is defined in the housing at the end of the second cylinder bore remote from the first pressure space, and the spool is provided with an axial passage which interconnects the second pressure space and an annular chamber in the second bore which is defined between the two heads and surrounds the stem, the annular chamber being in communication with the outlet.
6. An hydraulic actuator as claimed in
Claim 4 or Claim 5, in which the valve spool works in a sleeve which is housed in a bore in the housing and is clamped against a shoulder at a step in diameter by means of an end cap which is received in the open outer end of the bore and which forms an abutment for the return spring.
7. An hydraylic braking system comprising first and second braking circuits for brakes on front and rear wheels of a vehicle and a pedal-operated master cylinder as
sembly for operating the first and second :braking circuits, the pedal-operated master cylinder including a housing having a first cylinder bore, a piston having a first end and a second end and working in the first cylinder bore to pressurise fluid in a first pressure
space in the cylinder bore in advance of the piston and to which the second end of the piston is exposed, a pedal, a rod through which the pedal acts on the first end of the piston to advance the piston in the cylinder bore to pressurise fluid in the first pressure space, the housing also having a first outlet for connection to the first braking circuit and leading from the first pressure space with which the first pressure space is in free open communication at all times so that fluid in the first pressure space can be supplied to the first outlet only directly by pressurisation of fluid in the first pressure space by the piston, and a control valve assembly for controlling communication between an inlet for connection to a source of hydraulic fluid under pressure and a second outlet for connection to the second braking circuit, in which the control valve assembly is operable in response to pressurised fluid in the first pressure space, the piston is adapted to be advanced in the bore only by the rod, and there is no connection between the pressure space and the first end of the piston, the control valve assembly incorporating a valve spool working in a second bore of an area smaller than that of the first cylinder bore.
8. An hydraulic braking system as claimed in Claim 7, in which the first braking circuit comprises a first line from the first outlet, and the brakes on the front wheels to which the first line is connected, and the second braking circuit comprises a second line from the second outlet and the brakes on the rear wheels to which the second line is connected.
9. An hydraulic braking system as claimed in Claim 7, in which the first braking circuit comprises a first line from the first outlet, and first gctuators for the brakes on the front wheels to which the first line is connected, and the second braking circuit comprises a second line from the second outlet, the brakes on the front wheels to which the second line is connected, and the brakes on the rear wheels to which the second line is connected, and the brakes on the rear wheels to which the second line is also connected.
10. An hydraulic control assembly for a vehicle hydraulic system substantially as described herewith with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
11. An hydraulic braking system for a vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
12. An hydraulic braking system for a vehicle substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4611477A GB1585870A (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1977-11-05 | Hydraulic control assemblies for vehicle braking systems |
| AU35893/78A AU512678B2 (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1978-05-08 | Vehicle hydraulic actuator assembly |
| BR7803090A BR7803090A (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1978-05-16 | HYDRAULIC DRIVE ASSEMBLY FOR A VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM |
| JP5947478A JPS5469666A (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1978-05-18 | Asseblied body of actuator of brake system |
| DE19782821763 DE2821763A1 (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1978-05-18 | HYDRAULIC BRAKE CONTROL DEVICE FOR VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEMS |
| FR7814734A FR2407846A1 (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1978-05-18 | HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY FOR VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4611477A GB1585870A (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1977-11-05 | Hydraulic control assemblies for vehicle braking systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1585870A true GB1585870A (en) | 1981-03-11 |
Family
ID=10439895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4611477A Expired GB1585870A (en) | 1977-11-05 | 1977-11-05 | Hydraulic control assemblies for vehicle braking systems |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5469666A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU512678B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7803090A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2821763A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2407846A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1585870A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107839677A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-03-27 | 王军 | Automatic driving vehicle self-actuating brake kinetic energy convertor |
| CN116792432A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-22 | 采埃孚汽车科技(张家港)有限公司 | Multi-cylinder brake caliper with variable cylinder diameter, brake control method and brake control device |
| CN107839677B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2024-04-23 | 王军 | Automatic braking kinetic energy converter for unmanned vehicle |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3409290A1 (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1985-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | HYDRAULIC BRAKE AMPLIFIER |
| FR2657574B1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1992-04-24 | Bendix Europ Services Tech | HYDRAULIC ASSISTANCE DEVICE FOR A BRAKE CIRCUIT WITH A SHOCK ABSORBER ON THE RELEASE OF THE BRAKE PEDAL. |
| US5897176A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1999-04-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Braking apparatus and method for use with a moving vehicle |
| US6135580A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-10-24 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically actuated power braking apparatus and method for use with a moving vehicle |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL275654A (en) * | 1961-03-11 | |||
| SE390278B (en) * | 1975-03-13 | 1976-12-13 | Volvo Ab | HYDRAULIC SERVO BRAKE DEVICE FOR TWO-COURSE BRAKES |
-
1977
- 1977-11-05 GB GB4611477A patent/GB1585870A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-05-08 AU AU35893/78A patent/AU512678B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-16 BR BR7803090A patent/BR7803090A/en unknown
- 1978-05-18 DE DE19782821763 patent/DE2821763A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-18 JP JP5947478A patent/JPS5469666A/en active Pending
- 1978-05-18 FR FR7814734A patent/FR2407846A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107839677A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-03-27 | 王军 | Automatic driving vehicle self-actuating brake kinetic energy convertor |
| CN107839677B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2024-04-23 | 王军 | Automatic braking kinetic energy converter for unmanned vehicle |
| CN116792432A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-22 | 采埃孚汽车科技(张家港)有限公司 | Multi-cylinder brake caliper with variable cylinder diameter, brake control method and brake control device |
| CN116792432B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-14 | 采埃孚汽车科技(张家港)有限公司 | Multi-cylinder brake caliper with variable cylinder diameter, brake control method and brake control device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5469666A (en) | 1979-06-04 |
| FR2407846A1 (en) | 1979-06-01 |
| AU3589378A (en) | 1979-11-15 |
| BR7803090A (en) | 1979-05-29 |
| AU512678B2 (en) | 1980-10-23 |
| DE2821763A1 (en) | 1979-05-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |