GB1585751A - Optical display arrangements - Google Patents
Optical display arrangements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1585751A GB1585751A GB5772/78A GB577278A GB1585751A GB 1585751 A GB1585751 A GB 1585751A GB 5772/78 A GB5772/78 A GB 5772/78A GB 577278 A GB577278 A GB 577278A GB 1585751 A GB1585751 A GB 1585751A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- light
- arrangement
- radio
- fluorescent
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133617—Illumination with ultraviolet light; Luminescent elements or materials associated to the cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/04—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing natural or artificial radioactive elements or unspecified radioactive elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
- G04G9/0023—Visual time or date indication means by light valves in general
- G04G9/0029—Details
- G04G9/0035—Details constructional
- G04G9/0041—Illumination devices
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Electric Clocks (AREA)
Abstract
The arrangement is provided with a light valve device, preferably a liquid-crystal cell, a fluorescence element (5) and a light source (15). The fluorescence element (5) consists of a material having a refractive index greater than 1, contains fluorescing particles and is provided with light-exit windows (13, 14); it captures incident ambient light by fluorescence scattering and subsequent total reflection, relays the fluorescent light and finally couples it out at an increased concentration through the light-exit windows. The light source (15) contains a radioactive substance whose radiation activates a luminescent material. <IMAGE>
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO OPTICAL
DISPLAY ARRANGEMENTS
(71) We, SIEMENS AKTIENGESELL SCHAFT, a German Company of Berlin and
Munich, German Federal Republic, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to optical display arrangements comprising a light wave (i.e. a display having at least one display element which is switchable between an opaque or diffused state and a transparent state), in particular a liquid crystal cell; a light trap in the form of a body (hereinafter referred to as a "fluorescent body ") which is made of a material having a refractive index greater than 1, which contains fluorescent particles and which is provided with one or more light-emergence windows; and finally an auxiliary illuminating means.
Such displays have already been proposed, for example, in our co-pending
Application Nos. 50393/76 (Serial No.
1564211), and 17703/77 (Serial No.
1566516). The fluorescent body used in these displays increases the contrast of the display, since it traps incident ambient light by fluorescent scattering and subsequent total reflection, and finally emits it again at a higher level of intensity through the light-emergence windows specifically provided for this purpose. Since this light trap merely intensifies the image displayed but does not itself generate any light, an auxiliary means of illumination is still required for use when the ambient light is not sufficiently bright, for example, under night conditions.
In such a display, the auxiliary light source provided, if it is to be suitable for use with battery-powered devices, should consume as little power as possible and preferably should be operable (for example, in wrist-watches) without any need for manual operation, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical display arrangement incorporating such an auxiliary light source.
According to the invention, there is provided an optical display arrangement comprising a light valve, a light trap in the form of a fluorescent body made of a material having a refractive index greater than 1, which contains fluorescent particles and which is provided with at least one light-emergence window, and an auxiliary illumination means comprising a radioactive substance and a luminous material which is activated by the radiation from said substance. A weak P-ray emitter, such as tritium, for example, is particularly suitable for use as the radio-active substance.
The light source provided in the arrangement of the invention emits light continuously without any need to press a button to activate it and without requiring any supply of energy, for example, from a battery. In addition, it does not require replacement or regeneration during the normal service life of the display, since its illuminating power, depending only on the half-life of the radio-active material, only declines to an appreciable extent after a relatively long period.
Liquid crystal displays with luminous colours excited by low energy P-emitters are already known per se (see, for example, German Patent Specification No.
2,232,632). Moreover, liquid crystal displays are already on the market having miniature bulbs filled with tritium gas. The arrangement of the invention offers considerable advantages over these known arrangements, however, since in the arrangement of the invention the light only has to be available at the emergence windows and consequently the radio-activity level which must be tolerated can be made substantially lower.
In the arrangements of the invention, the fluorescent body is generally plate-shaped and located behind the light valve in the viewing direction. With such an arrangement, the auxiliary means of illumination, such as a miniature tritium bulb, may conveniently be disposed either along one or more of the side edges of the fluorescent plate or behind this plate; in the latter case, it should totally cover the face of the plate adjacent to it. Alternatively, of course, the light source may be incorporated in the fluorescent plate itself, for example by casting it in when the plate is made.
If a particularly space-saving design is required, with uniform illumination of all the elements of the display, the radioactive substance should be directly incorporated in the fluorescent body in as homogeneously distributed a manner as possible.
In this case, it may be worth binding the radio-active substance chemically, for example, to the fluorescent particles. Finally, it may be possible to add phosphorescent particles that can be made to glow by the radiating substance.
With the arrangement of the invention, a particularly small amount of radio-active substance can suffice, if the emergence windows of the fluorescent plate are constituted by a combination of scattering areas on the front face of the plate and indentations located at corresponding points in the rear face thereof, the radio-active substance and the luminous material is applied to the scattering areas only. In this case, the light yield can be made even higher, if it is also ensured that the largest possible part of the fluorescent or other luminous radiation passes through the light valve. This can be achieved by locating the fluorescent plate as close as possible to the switchable medium and/or if the light valve is freed from undesirably absorbent components.In a liquid crystal cell normally using polarises for its operation, for example, it is particularly advantageous to implant a pleochroic dye in the liquid crystal layer, since such an additive renders unnecessary that polariser which is located between the fluorescent body and the liquid crysal layer and which, in practice, not only polarises but also weakens the light passing through it by absorption.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawing, in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic side-sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a similar view to that of
Figure 1 of a second embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 3 is a schematic side-sectional view of a fluorescent plate for use in a third embodiment of the invention.
In all the Figures, like parts are indicated by the same reference numeral.
The embodiment shown in Figure 1, includes a light valve in the form of a liquid crystal cell with a single-digit numerical display. In detail, the arrangement illustrated comprises a front linear polariser 1, a front carrier plate 2, a rear carrier plate 3, a rear linear polariser 4, a fluorescent plate 5 and an absorption film 6, all disposed sequentially one behind another in the named order in the direction of viewing.
On their opposed faces the two carrier plates are provided with electrically conducting coatings, the rear plate 3 with an unbroken coating forming a rear electrode 8, and the front plate 2 with a segmented electrode forming electrode segments 9.
Between the two carrier plates a spacing frame 10 is located, defining with the two plates a sealed chamber filled with a liquid crystal layer 11.
On its four side faces the fluorescent plates 5 carries reflective coatings 12 and it is provided with a plurality of lightemergence windows one disposed behind each individual electrode segment 9 (considered in the direction of view). Each of these windows consists of an indentation 13 which may be silvered, in the rear face of the plate 5 and of a co-operating scattering area 14 on the front face of the plate and constituted, for example, by a pigment or a roughened flat area of the plate surface. This form of window gives a wide angle viewing zone with relatively high light intensity and provides a practically parallax-free display. Detailed information about favourable window forms is given in our co-pending Application No.
5774/78 (Serial No. 1585753).
An auxiliary illuminating means in the form of a small bulb 15 filled with tritium gas is attached to one of the four side faces of the plate. On this side the reflective coating is so constituted that the tritium light can pass into the interior of the plate but emergent fluorescent light is reflected back, the reflective coating being in the form of a dichroic mirror 16. Naturally, other kinds of optical linking between the small bulb and the plate can equally be used.
The liquid crystal cell works on the principle of the so-called "rotary cell".
For further details, reference should be made to German Patent Specification No.
2,158,563. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the axes of polarisation of the two linear polarisers are arranged at right-angles to one another so that the light valve is transparent in the inoperative state and opaque in the activated state. At the same time the activating means (not shown) is so designed that it is always only those electrode segments not required to form the image to be displayed that are supplied with a voltage. This is known as the "prin- ciple of complementary activation". These measures give a particularly bright image on a dark background; the part of the display screen not covered by the electrode segments appears almost black since only a very small part of the trapped light leaves the fluorescent plate outside the windows and moreover the light from the background is collected by the absorption film 6.The activated display elements are black since there the valve blocks the passage of light. Finally, the image is particularly intense, since the front face of the fluorescent plate 5 which is covered by the liquid crystal cell can also absorb light. Further details about light valves with complementary activation are given in our co-pending Application No. 5775/78 (Serial No. 1585754).
The embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 differs from the first embodiment in the following ways. The radioactive light source 15 is placed, not as in the embodiment of Figure 1, to the side, but behind the fluorescent plate 5 and without any optical contact therewith; all the side faces of the plate 5 are completely silvered; the absorption film 6 is replaced by a filter 17 provided with a highly reflective coating on its rear face and which only admits light for the excitation of the fluorescent particles (this measure increases the length of the absorption path for the incident and excitation light and thus generally makes it possible to use a lower concentration of fluorescent material with a consequent greater ultimate brilliance); complementary activation is not used; the rear linear polariser is eliminated and in its stead, the liquid crystal layer contains a pleochroic dye.In its inoperative state, the liquid crysal layer exhibits a planar texture with a bias parallel to the axis of polarisation of the linear polariser, whilst in its activated state, it exhibits a homotropic orientation. A focal-conical inactive texture could alternatively be used. Further details regarding absorptive displays, and particularly about the nature of the liquid crystal and the dye, and favourable textures, are given in our co-pending Application No. 5773/78 (Serial No. 1585752).
The radio-active substance used need not be present in the gaseous state, it can alternatively be present in chemically bound form in the fluorescent plate, in a film disposed behind the plate or in a layer which fills the indentations in the rear face of the plate, for example. It is, moreover, possible to implant scattering particles of luminous material in the front face of the plate and to surround these particles with a compound containing the radio-active substance. This possibility is illustrated in
Figure 3. Here, the scattering layer 14 of the fluorescent plate 5 is coated with a tritium lacquer 18. With this form of light source, the light yield from the luminous material is particularly high.
If necessary, for example, in order to keep within a prescribed radiation tolerance level, the radio-active substance can be embedded in a material that absorbs the undesired radio-active energy, and is also acid and alkali-resistant, and in particular, is not decomposed by stomach acid.
The invention is not, of course, limited to the embodiments illustrated, for example, radio-active substances other than tritium can be used, and the light valve, fluorescent body and radio-active additional lighting can be combined in other ways.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: - 1. An optical display arrangement comprising a light valve, a light trap in the form of a fluorescent body made of a material having a refractive index greater than 1, which contains fluorescent particles and which is provided with at least one light-emergence window, and an auxiliary illumination means comprising a radioactive substance and a luminous material which is activated by the radiation from said substance.
2. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said radio-active substance is a low energy P-ray emitter.
3. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said radio-active substance is tritium.
4. An arrangement as claimed in any of
Claims 1 to 3, wherein said fluorescent body is in the form of a fluorescent plate disposed behind the light valve considered in the direction of viewing.
5. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said auxiliary illuminating means is in the form of a bulb disposed on at least one of the side faces of said fluorescent plate.
6. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said auxiliary illuminating means is in the form of a light source in the form of a plate or film disposed behind said fluorescent plate considered in the direction of viewing.
7. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein a filter which lets through only excitation light for said fluorescent particles is disposed behind said auxiliary illuminating means; and wherein a highly reflective layer is disposed behind said filter.
8. An arrangement as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said radio-active substance is incorporated in said fluorescent body.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (17)
1. An optical display arrangement comprising a light valve, a light trap in the form of a fluorescent body made of a material having a refractive index greater than 1, which contains fluorescent particles and which is provided with at least one light-emergence window, and an auxiliary illumination means comprising a radioactive substance and a luminous material which is activated by the radiation from said substance.
2. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said radio-active substance is a low energy P-ray emitter.
3. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said radio-active substance is tritium.
4. An arrangement as claimed in any of
Claims 1 to 3, wherein said fluorescent body is in the form of a fluorescent plate disposed behind the light valve considered in the direction of viewing.
5. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said auxiliary illuminating means is in the form of a bulb disposed on at least one of the side faces of said fluorescent plate.
6. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said auxiliary illuminating means is in the form of a light source in the form of a plate or film disposed behind said fluorescent plate considered in the direction of viewing.
7. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein a filter which lets through only excitation light for said fluorescent particles is disposed behind said auxiliary illuminating means; and wherein a highly reflective layer is disposed behind said filter.
8. An arrangement as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said radio-active substance is incorporated in said fluorescent body.
9. An arrangement as claimed in Claim
8, wherein said radio-active substance is uniformly distributed in said fluorescent body.
10. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9, wherein said radio-active substance is chemically bound in said fluorescent body.
11. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 10, wherein said radio-active substance is chemically bound to said fluorescent particles.
12. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the or each light-emergence window comprises an indentation in the rear face of said plate and a scattering area at the front face of said plate; wherein said ratio-active substance is applied to the or each said scattering area; and wherein said scattering area is formed by luminous particles that are activated by radiation from said radio-active substance.
13. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 12, wherein said radio-active substance is embedded in a material that absorbs undesired radio-active energy and is acid and alkali-resistant.
14. An arrangement as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said light valve is a liquid crystal layer.
15. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 14, wherein said liquid crystal layer contains at least one pleochroic dye.
16. An optical display arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 1, or Figure 2, of the drawing.
17. A wristwatch provided with an optical display arrangement as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2706375A DE2706375C3 (en) | 1977-02-15 | 1977-02-15 | Display arrangement with a light valve device, in particular a liquid crystal cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1585751A true GB1585751A (en) | 1981-03-11 |
Family
ID=6001250
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5772/78A Expired GB1585751A (en) | 1977-02-15 | 1978-02-14 | Optical display arrangements |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53101996A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT368294B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE863987A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1108737A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH621458GA3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2706375C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2380609A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1585751A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1092686B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7801664A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7801774L (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189918A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1987-11-04 | John Thomas | Visual display means |
| WO2002054445A2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-11 | Guy Andrew Vaz | Photon power cell |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2835347A1 (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1980-02-28 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | DISPLAY DEVICE WITH AN ELECTROOPTIC LIGHT VALVE |
| DE3738414A1 (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for illuminating passive information displays, preferably LCDs |
| KR100498721B1 (en) † | 1996-09-24 | 2005-11-28 | 세이코 엡슨 가부시키가이샤 | Lighting devices and indicators using the devices |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT946051B (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1973-05-21 | Hoffmann La Roche | OPTICAL CELL |
| DE2221441A1 (en) * | 1972-05-02 | 1973-11-15 | Bernt Von Grabe | OPTOELECTRONIC SIGN GENERATOR |
| DE2232632C3 (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1981-09-17 | Metall-Invent S.A., Zug | Display device |
| JPS50107958A (en) * | 1974-01-31 | 1975-08-25 | ||
| DE7426201U (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1974-11-14 | Gebrueder Junghans Gmbh | Liquid crystal display devices, in particular for small watches |
| US3950078A (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1976-04-13 | Timex Corporation | Liquid crystal display |
| US3959655A (en) * | 1975-02-06 | 1976-05-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Light source for optical sound recording and reproduction apparatus |
| DD120724A1 (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1976-06-20 | ||
| CH589307A5 (en) * | 1975-06-27 | 1977-06-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| JPS526496A (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-01-18 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid crystal indicator |
-
1977
- 1977-02-15 DE DE2706375A patent/DE2706375C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 CH CH1495477A patent/CH621458GA3/en unknown
-
1978
- 1978-02-09 FR FR7803643A patent/FR2380609A1/en active Granted
- 1978-02-13 IT IT20211/78A patent/IT1092686B/en active
- 1978-02-13 AT AT0100478A patent/AT368294B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-14 CA CA296,925A patent/CA1108737A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-14 GB GB5772/78A patent/GB1585751A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-14 NL NL7801664A patent/NL7801664A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-02-15 BE BE185194A patent/BE863987A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-15 SE SE7801774A patent/SE7801774L/en unknown
- 1978-02-15 JP JP1638178A patent/JPS53101996A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189918A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1987-11-04 | John Thomas | Visual display means |
| GB2189918B (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1990-01-04 | John Thomas | Visual display means |
| WO2002054445A2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-11 | Guy Andrew Vaz | Photon power cell |
| WO2002054445A3 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-02-19 | Guy Andrew Vaz | Photon power cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA100478A (en) | 1980-12-15 |
| AT368294B (en) | 1982-09-27 |
| DE2706375C3 (en) | 1982-08-26 |
| IT1092686B (en) | 1985-07-12 |
| CA1108737A (en) | 1981-09-08 |
| BE863987A (en) | 1978-05-29 |
| SE7801774L (en) | 1978-08-15 |
| JPS53101996A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
| CH621458GA3 (en) | 1981-02-13 |
| FR2380609B1 (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| FR2380609A1 (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| NL7801664A (en) | 1978-08-17 |
| CH621458B5 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| DE2706375A1 (en) | 1978-08-17 |
| IT7820211A0 (en) | 1978-02-13 |
| DE2706375B2 (en) | 1978-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |