GB1580061A - Fibre optic connector - Google Patents
Fibre optic connector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1580061A GB1580061A GB35678/77A GB3567877A GB1580061A GB 1580061 A GB1580061 A GB 1580061A GB 35678/77 A GB35678/77 A GB 35678/77A GB 3567877 A GB3567877 A GB 3567877A GB 1580061 A GB1580061 A GB 1580061A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- rings
- connector
- ferrules
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3855—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture characterised by the method of anchoring or fixing the fibre within the ferrule
- G02B6/3858—Clamping, i.e. with only elastic deformation
- G02B6/3859—Ferrules characterised by use of shape memory material [SMM], e.g. heat recoverable polymers, Ti-Ni compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3825—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Description
(54) FIBRE OPTIC CONNECTOR
(71) We, STANDARD TELE
PHONES AND CABLES LIMITED, a
British Company of 190 Strand, London
W.C.2. England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to fibre-optic connectors.
According to the present invention there is provided a connector for coupling two fibre optic light guides each of which is terminated by a substantially cylindrical ferrule, which includes a slotted metal sleeve into which the two ferrules are fitted with their ends abutting or closely adjacent to each other, and at least one metal ring fitted over said sleeve, wherein said ring or rings is or are made from a metallic alloy which softens and can be expanded when cooled, wherein said ring or rings is or are fitted over the sleeve while it or they and the sleeve are subjected to a temperature lower than ambient, and wherein as the connector returns to the ambient temperature the ring or rings contract to grip the slotted sleeve and to close it up, so that it retains the ferrules firmly in place.
Four embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4, which accompanied the Provisional
Specification.
Certain metallic alloys have the interesting property that they soften when they are cooled, and can open out under spring pressure, and this property is exploited in the fibre optic connectors described herein.
Such alloys are known as memory metals, and one of the first such metals was 55
Nitinol, which is an equi-atomic titaniumnickel intermetallic compound, and is described in a paper "55 Nitinol, Unique
Wire Alloy with Memory" by W.J. Buehler and W.B. Cross, Wire Journal, June 1969, pp 41-44. Since 1969 much work has been done in this field, and other so-called memory metals are now available.
A memory alloy has an inherent capability to drastically alter its type of atomic bonding and the forces associated therewith as a function of temperature. The range over which this bonding change occurs is called the transition temperature range TTR. Below the
TTR such an alloy is highly ductile and may be plastically deformed, the initial plastic flow being associated, at least in the case of 55 Nitinol, with a martensitic shear of diffusionless transformation. This mechanism resembles the application of a shearing force to a pack of cards, the total atomic movement between adjacent planes of atoms being less than a full atomic distance based on the normal atomic lattice. This occurs as certain localized electron bonds are broken when the temperature falls below the TTR.
The material recovers when heated above the TTR, i.e. raising the temperature above the TTR forms strong and directional bonds which pull the displaced atoms back to their pre-deformed positions.
In all four of the arrangements described herein, each of the fibre optic light guides to be coupled is terminated by a small metal ferrule such as 1, 2, Figure 1. Such a ferrule has a cylindrical body portion and an enlarged flange, as can be seen from the drawings. To terminate the fibre with such a ferrule the cladding on the fibre is partly removed from its end, which is centrally located within the non-flanged end of the ferrule. This location must be effected with great accuracy, and one preferred way of doing it is to use a watch jewel at the ferrule end. The hole in the centre of the jewel is accurately located therein. The fibre is held in place in the ferrule by a suitable adhesive such as an epoxy, and the end-face of the ferrule with the centrally-located fibre is ground flat. Hence if two such ferrules are accurately aligned, light transfer from one to the other is good. Such a method of terminating an optical fibre is described and claimed in our Patent Specification No. 1,497,781.
In the arrangement of Figure 1, a doubleended sleeve 3 of a beryllium-copper alloy is used, the sleeve having two slots 4, 5, one at each end. Adjacent each of its ends the sleeve 3 has a portion of reduced diameter, over which are fitted shrink metal rings 6 and 7.
The arrangement is assembled under low temperature conditions, for instance by performing the assembly in a spray of a refrigerent gas such as FREON (Registered Trade
Mark). This assembly involves putting the rings 6, 7 in place on the sleeve 5, this being possible since under such low temperature conditions the rings are a loose fit on the sleeve. Then the ferrules 1, 2 which terminate the fibre-optic cables are fitted into the sleeve 3 with their inner ends abutting or closely adjacent to each other. Then the assembly is removed from the low temperature spray, and as the temperature rises the rings 6 and 7 contract. This contraction causes the rings to squeeze the slotted ends of the sleeve 3, which therefore in their turn firmly grip the ferrules. Hence a good firm connection is made, which gives good light transmissive characteristics.
To disconnect the cable it is necessary to cool the arrangement until the rings 6 and 7 have opened enough for the sleeve 3 to release its grip on the ferrules 1, 2. This occurs readily due to the springy characteristics of the beryllium copper alloy used.
The connection shown in Figure 2 is in essence similar to that shown in Figure 1, except that the sleeve 10 of beryllium-copper alloy has one slot 11 only. In addition one shrink ring 12 is used, which fits over a portion of reduced diameter midway along the sleeve 10. The ferrules of the cables to be jointed are fitted into the sleeve 10 as shown, this being done as before at low temperature.
On warming up to ambient temperature the ring 12 closes the slot 11 so that the ferrules are firmly gripped and held together. Note that this arrangement uses a relatively short sleeve.
In Figure 3 we return to the longer sleeve 20, but in this case it is a "C" sleeve as its slot 21 extends the whole of its length. Here also the shrink ring 22 is located at or near the centre point of the sleeve.
Note that a "C" sleeve as in Figure 3 could also be used with two shrink rings as in Figure
1 if this is considered preferable.
Figure 4 shows partly sectioned a multiway connector assembly - two light guides
actually shown. The cable 40 is held in place
in the outer shell 41 by a neoprene clamp
sleeve 42 and a screw-in locking ring 42. The
upper half of the connector is connected to
the lower half by screw-threaded locking rings in conventional manner.
The ferrules such as 43, 44 which terminate the fibres have locking sleeves 45, 46 which are provided with shrink rings such as 47, 48, 49. The assembly is on the same principle as described above with relation to
Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Spring C-rings such as 50 are also provided to retain the sleeves in their correct position with respect to the transverse partitions 51, 52 in the connector portions.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A connector for coupling two fibre optic light guides each of which is terminated by a substantially cylindrical ferrule, which includes a slotted metal sleeve into which the two ferrules are fitted with their ends abutting or closely adjacent to each other, and at least one metal ring fitted over said sleeve, wherein said ring or rings is or are made from a metallic alloy which softens and can be expanded when cooled, wherein said ring or rings is or are fitted over the sleeve while it or they and the sleeve are subjected to a temperature lower than ambient and wherein as the connector returns to the ambient temperature the ring or rings contract to grip the slotted sleeve and to close it up, so that it retains the ferrules firmly in place.
2. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which said sleeve has two slotted portions interconnected by a central slotless portion, so that when two ferrules mate within the sleeve the slots are each located over the non-mated end of a said ferrule, and in which two of said rings are provided each of which fits over one of said slotted portions of the sleeve.
3. A connector as claimed in claim 2, and in which the two portions of the sleeve which are slotted each has a reduced diameter as compared with the said central slotless portion.
4. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve has a single slot which extends from one end of the sleeve to a point about three-quarters of the sleeve's length from said one end, in which the central portion of the sleeve is of reduced diameter, and in which one of said rings is provided, which ring fits over said reduced diameter central portion.
5. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve is slotted throughout its entire length and has a central portion of reduced diameter, and in which a single one of said rings is provided, which ring fits over said central portion of reduced diameter.
6. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve in is slotted throughout its entire length and has end portions of reduced diameter, and in which two of said rings are provided each of which fits over one of said portions of reduced diameter.
7. A multi-way connector in each ele
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (8)
1 if this is considered preferable.
Figure 4 shows partly sectioned a multiway connector assembly - two light guides
actually shown. The cable 40 is held in place
in the outer shell 41 by a neoprene clamp
sleeve 42 and a screw-in locking ring 42. The
upper half of the connector is connected to
the lower half by screw-threaded locking rings in conventional manner.
The ferrules such as 43, 44 which terminate the fibres have locking sleeves 45, 46 which are provided with shrink rings such as 47, 48, 49. The assembly is on the same principle as described above with relation to
Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Spring C-rings such as 50 are also provided to retain the sleeves in their correct position with respect to the transverse partitions 51, 52 in the connector portions.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A connector for coupling two fibre optic light guides each of which is terminated by a substantially cylindrical ferrule, which includes a slotted metal sleeve into which the two ferrules are fitted with their ends abutting or closely adjacent to each other, and at least one metal ring fitted over said sleeve, wherein said ring or rings is or are made from a metallic alloy which softens and can be expanded when cooled, wherein said ring or rings is or are fitted over the sleeve while it or they and the sleeve are subjected to a temperature lower than ambient and wherein as the connector returns to the ambient temperature the ring or rings contract to grip the slotted sleeve and to close it up, so that it retains the ferrules firmly in place.
2. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which said sleeve has two slotted portions interconnected by a central slotless portion, so that when two ferrules mate within the sleeve the slots are each located over the non-mated end of a said ferrule, and in which two of said rings are provided each of which fits over one of said slotted portions of the sleeve.
3. A connector as claimed in claim 2, and in which the two portions of the sleeve which are slotted each has a reduced diameter as compared with the said central slotless portion.
4. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve has a single slot which extends from one end of the sleeve to a point about three-quarters of the sleeve's length from said one end, in which the central portion of the sleeve is of reduced diameter, and in which one of said rings is provided, which ring fits over said reduced diameter central portion.
5. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve is slotted throughout its entire length and has a central portion of reduced diameter, and in which a single one of said rings is provided, which ring fits over said central portion of reduced diameter.
6. A connector as claimed in claim 1, in which the sleeve in is slotted throughout its entire length and has end portions of reduced diameter, and in which two of said rings are provided each of which fits over one of said portions of reduced diameter.
7. A multi-way connector in each ele
ment of which a plurality of optical fibres is terminated, the arrangement of each said mating pair of fibres being as in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A connector for coupling optical fibres, substantially as described with reference to Figure 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the drawings
accompanying Provisional Specification.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB35678/77A GB1580061A (en) | 1978-05-09 | 1978-05-09 | Fibre optic connector |
IT7826062A IT1118237B (en) | 1978-05-09 | 1978-07-25 | CONNECTOR FOR OPTICAL FIBERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB35678/77A GB1580061A (en) | 1978-05-09 | 1978-05-09 | Fibre optic connector |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1580061A true GB1580061A (en) | 1980-11-26 |
Family
ID=10380375
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB35678/77A Expired GB1580061A (en) | 1978-05-09 | 1978-05-09 | Fibre optic connector |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB1580061A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1118237B (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0066829A2 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-15 | LES CABLES DE LYON Société anonyme dite: | Apparatus for joining the extremities of two submarine fibre optics cables and mounting such an apparatus |
FR2513395A1 (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-25 | Augat Inc | DEVICE FOR CONNECTING OPTICAL FIBERS |
FR2519149A1 (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1983-07-01 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | DEVICE FOR JOINING THE END OF TWO FIBER OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
FR2524986A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-14 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | DEVICE FOR JOINING THE ENDS OF TWO FIBER OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLES |
WO1983003907A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-10 | Times Fiber Communications, Inc. | Optical fiber connector |
EP0112072A2 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1984-06-27 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Connectors |
EP0125525A2 (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-11-21 | Allied Corporation | Alignment sleeve for fiber optic connectors |
US4718745A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1988-01-12 | Times Fiber Communmications, Inc. | Optical fiber connector |
GB2193603A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-10 | Plessey Co Plc | A splice protection assembly |
EP0275087A2 (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-07-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Connector with sleeve part which surrounds optical fibres |
FR2845167A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | CONNECTOR FOR OPTICAL FIBERS, WITH SHAPE MEMORY |
-
1978
- 1978-05-09 GB GB35678/77A patent/GB1580061A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-25 IT IT7826062A patent/IT1118237B/en active
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0066829A2 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-15 | LES CABLES DE LYON Société anonyme dite: | Apparatus for joining the extremities of two submarine fibre optics cables and mounting such an apparatus |
EP0066829A3 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-02-09 | Les Cables De Lyon Societe Anonyme Dite: | Apparatus for joining the extremities of two submarine fibre optics cables and method of producing such an apparatus |
FR2513395A1 (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-25 | Augat Inc | DEVICE FOR CONNECTING OPTICAL FIBERS |
US4458984A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1984-07-10 | Augat Inc. | Assembly for thermally actuated optic fiber jointing device |
FR2519149A1 (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1983-07-01 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | DEVICE FOR JOINING THE END OF TWO FIBER OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
EP0083101A2 (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1983-07-06 | LES CABLES DE LYON Société anonyme dite: | Device for joining the extremities of two submarine fibre-optical cables, and process for its manufacture |
EP0083101A3 (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1986-07-30 | Les Cables De Lyon Societe Anonyme Dite: | Device for joining the extremities of two submarine fibre-optical cables, and process for its manufacture |
FR2524986A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-14 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | DEVICE FOR JOINING THE ENDS OF TWO FIBER OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLES |
EP0091632A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-19 | LES CABLES DE LYON Société anonyme dite: | Apparatus for joining the ends of two optical fibre submarine cables, and method for its production |
WO1983003907A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-10 | Times Fiber Communications, Inc. | Optical fiber connector |
US4460243A (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1984-07-17 | Times Fiber Communications, Inc. | Optical fiber connector |
US4597632A (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1986-07-01 | British Telecommunications | Temperature sensitive releasable optical connector |
EP0112072A2 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1984-06-27 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Connectors |
EP0112072B1 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1989-01-11 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Connectors |
EP0125525A2 (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-11-21 | Allied Corporation | Alignment sleeve for fiber optic connectors |
EP0125525A3 (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1987-05-13 | Allied Corporation | Alignment sleeve for fiber optic connectors |
US4718745A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1988-01-12 | Times Fiber Communmications, Inc. | Optical fiber connector |
GB2193603A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-10 | Plessey Co Plc | A splice protection assembly |
EP0275087A2 (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-07-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Connector with sleeve part which surrounds optical fibres |
EP0275087A3 (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-09-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Und Munchen | Connector with sleeve part which surrounds optical fibres |
US4824203A (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1989-04-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Connector device comprising a receptacle part surrounding the light waveguide |
FR2845167A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | CONNECTOR FOR OPTICAL FIBERS, WITH SHAPE MEMORY |
WO2004029666A2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-08 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Optical fibre connector comprising a shape memory material |
WO2004029666A3 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-06-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Optical fibre connector comprising a shape memory material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7826062A0 (en) | 1978-07-25 |
IT1118237B (en) | 1986-02-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |