GB1577608A - Synthetic cork-like material and method of making same - Google Patents

Description

(54) SYNTHETIC CORK-LIKE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME (71) We, SHAW PLASTICS CORPORATION, a corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, located at 276 Snyder Avenue, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, County Union, State of New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to stoppers or gaskets for liquid containers.

More particularly, it relates to a synthetic cork-like material which may be employed as a bottle stopper or sealing gasket for a liquid container.

Traditionally, bottle stoppers or closures in general and wide bottle stoppers in particular have been produced from a natural material known as "barcork" or simply "cork".

Many of the mechanical properties of cork, such as its density and compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, have made it the preferred bottle closure, particularly for fine wines where tradition and the wine mystique militates against the use of any substitute for natural cork which is invariably removed with a corkscrew in a bottle opening ritual. Despite its advantages as a bottle closure, natural cork has a tendency to flake and/or crumble in use and tends to deteriorate in extremely wet or dry environments. These drawbacks and its somewhat limited availability have resulted in a search for a suitable cork substitute.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a stopper or gasket made of a synthetic material which will serve as a substitute for cork as a bottle stopper or gasket and will satisfy the aesthetic requirement of a genuine cork stopper.

According to the invention we provide a synthetic cork-like article in the form of a stopper or gasket for a liquid container consisting of a closed cell foam made from a foamable mixture of polyolefin and a foaming agent together with an ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer based ionomer resin, the resulting ionomer modified foam article having a matte outer surface and a substantially uniform density throughout its cross-section of from 12 Ibs/cu.ft. to 17 Ibs/cu.ft. and a nonleveling coating of moisture impervious material impregnating said matte surface, said material having a higher coefficient of friction than the surface of the foam per se.

The polyolefin used in the present invention is preferably a low density polyethylene or a polypropylene resin which during extrusion with proper additives will form a closed cell foam with very small size cells.

Typically, preferred low density polyethylene resins have a melt index of from 2 to 15 and a density of from about 0.910 to 0.935 gm/cc and are present in the foamable mixture in amounts by weight of from about 60% to 98%.

The ionomer resins employed in the basic foamable mixture are derived from ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymers and are ionically cross-linked. They are generally known as "Surlyn" ionomers (a registered trademake of DuPont Co.).

Such resins are quite compatible with polyolefin and may be used in amounts of from 0.5 /O to 35% by weight.

In addition to the basic resins mentioned above, the foamable mixtures employed to make the synthetic cork-like material of the present invention also include a suitable foaming agent and may also include various lubricants and dyes to impart a cork-like color to the synthetic foam product.

In producing the synthetic cork-like material of the present invention, appropriate amounts of polyolefin and ionomer are mixed along with a chemical foaming agent and suitable other additives. Once thoroughly mixed, the mixture is extruded into cylindrical rod form as a closed cell foam having a density of about 12 to 17 Ibs/cu.ft. The extruded cellular rod upon cooling has an outer skin of much higher density than the interior of the extrusion. While this is typical of extruded foams, it is unsuitable for bottle stoppers embodying this invention because of its tendency to wrinkle and form longitudinal channels in the outer surface of the foam rod when the rod is compressed by the bottling or corking equipment and inserted into the neck of a bottle.Conventional corking equipment utilizes a chuck-like gripper which compresses the circumference of the natural cork with a force of about 220 Ibs. The diameter of the cork is reduced by such equipment from approximately 15/16 of an inch to about 11/16 of an inch for insertion into a bottle.

The surface channels or wrinkles caused by the corking equipment in the high density skin tend to remain therein, since the stoppers are substantially compressed in the bottles. As a consequence, these channels were found to provide leakage paths for the liquid contents of the bottle.

The high density skin of the cylindrical polyolefin stopper may be removed by a shaving or abrading operation. As a consequence of this operation, the resulting foam rod is characterized as essentially of uniform density throughout its entire cross-section. Subsequent to the removal of the high density skin, the foam rod may be cut into suitable lengths, such as I 1/2-2 inches and the ends thereof chamfered, whereupon the rod takes on the appearance of a natural cork bottle stopper.

The outer surface of the synthetic cylindrical stopper upon removal of the high density skin has a slightly textured or matte surface characteristic of a cellular granular material. In accordance with the invention, the outer surface is coated with a substance having a substantially higher coefficient of friction than the foam per se. By the application of a slightly adhesive or tacky film, the surface characteristics of the polyolefin cork are modified, particularly as to its coefficient of friction. As a result when such a stopper is inserted into a bottle it will remain in sealing relation in the neck of the bottle during shipment, storage and handling in much the same manner as a natural cork stopper.Furthermore, the adhesive or tacky film enables the closure stopper to frictionally grip the glass inner surface of the bottle neck whereby it will not rotate or move axially relative to the glass under the axial and rotational forces which are exerted by a corkscrew in removal of the stopper. A polyolefin stopper, uncoated with such a friction coat, is characterized by so low a coefficient of friction as to be unsuitable for use in corking wine bottles.

Indeed, such untreated stoppers have a marked tendency to be sucked into the bottle after the corking operation as a consequence of the reduced pressure within the bottle. Furthermore, attempts to use a corkscrew on such uncoated polyolefin stoppers result in the cork either being pushed axially into the bottle by the corkscrew or by the cork being rotated by the corkscrew as it is turned.

To provide a friction coat in accordance with this invention, the coating material must be one which is insoluble in the liquid contents of the bottle to be sealed. It is also essential that the coating material be nontoxic and otherwise suitable when it is to be used in contact with foodstuffs, and preferably one which has been approved for such use by the FDA. One suitable material for providing a friction coat on the surface of the polyolefin stoppers is bees wax or a combination of bees wax and paraffin. The paraffin utilized is preferably one used in preserving foodstuffs and bees wax may be combined therewith in varying amounts. It has been found that by combining 130 by weight of bees wax with 7Ck90% by weight of paraffin that an entirely suitable coating film will be obtained.These materials are melted and blended together at a temperature of about 200"F. This adhesive or tacky coating material may be applied to the outer surface of the foam in liquid form by spraying, dipping or rolling thereon. One convenient method of application is to melt the adhesive composition and dip the stoppers in the melt.

Upon removal of the stoppers from the melt, the excess liquid is removed by using a suitable procedure, such as draining or tumbling, for example, to provide an overall tacky film of about 0.5 gram. The coating material is allowed to cool and solidify to form an overall tacky coating, and while some of the surface pores of the foam are filled, the resulting film is not a leveling coat. Indeed, the cellular or matte surface of the foam provides an excellent base onto which the film can attach or anchor itself mechanically. The tacky film thus applied not only eliminates the problem of cork slippage caused by bottle vacuum but also overcomes slippage during uncorking of the bottle using a conventional corkscrew. Moreover, the insoluble character of the paraffin and bees wax film enhances the liquid sealing properties of the stopper at the glass-stopper interface.

The polyolefin foam embodying this invention is modified with sufficient ionomers which may vary from .5--200/, by weight of the mixture, so that the polyolefin foam will possess sufficient structural strength to be handled in conventional corking equipment without rupture and loss of surface integrity.

Additionally, the ionomer provides a bottle closure material which has sufficient cohesive and tensile strength so that a conventional corkscrew can be used to extract the cork from the neck of a bottle at a force of up to about 90 Ibs without breaking the cork. The cork will have sufficient elasticity and liquid sealing properties after removal, so that it may be reused to reseal the bottle if any of its contents remain after the bottle has been opened for the first time.

The cork substitute made in accordance with the invention will possess sufficient elasticity so that it will exert an outward radial pressure on the inner surface of the bottle neck in which it is sealingly engaged of at least about 20 lbs whereby the closure will remain in positive sealing relation in the bottle even after extended storage periods.

The closures embodying this invention are capable of withstanding the compressive forces of conventional corking equipment which exert a force of about 220 Ibs to compress the cork stopper for inserting into bottle necks. The machine substantially compresses the cork for insertion in a bottle wherein it remains in substantial compression. The sealing forces within the neck of the bottle for natural cork have been found to vary from 110 Ibs to 20 Ibs depending upon the time duration of the sealing and ambient temperatures. The synthetic cork embodying this invention exerts sealing force in the range of 120 Ibs to 30 Ibs. The force required to pull the stopper from a bottle varies from 45 to 80 Ibs for natural cork and from 50 to 90 Ibs for the stopper embodying this invention.

While this invention is particularly adapted for wine bottle stoppers of cylindrical configuration which require a cork-screw for removal, it is also suitable for use in stoppers having a flanged cap. Such capped stoppers can be removed conveniently by hand and are used on various liquid containers, including many alcoholic beverages.

Furthermore, the material embodying the invention may be formed as stoppers by injection molding or in sheet or block form and die cut to form rods whereby the skinning operation is rendered unnecessary. Alternatively, a relatively thin foam sheet may be formed and die cut into thin sealing discs or wafers for use as the sealing gasket washer in crown cap type closures and coated.

The following examples illustrate the present invention.

EXAMPLE I A mixture of 20 Ibs (9.6 kg) of polyethylene with a melt index of 3.5 and a density of .918 (Chemplex 1013 from Chemplex Corp.) was tumbled with 90 grams of magnesium silicate, 60 grams of an ozodecarbonoxide blowing (i.e. foaming) agent (Celogen (Registered Trade Mark) OT from Naugatuck Chemicals), 90 grams of ionomer (Surlyn 1801 from DuPont Company) and 60 grams of a color concentrate to simulate cork color. The mixture was extruded to form a rod which had a substantially uniform density of between 12 Ibs cu.ft to 17 Ibs cu.ft.

After the rod was cut to length and chamfered as previously described, the foam stoppers were dipped into a melt consisting of a mixture of paraffin wax and 10 to 30 /" by weight of bees wax. The corks were removed, allowed to dry and found to have a weight deposit of coating material of 0.5 grams per rod.

This example is in accordance with the present invention.

EXAMPLE II The synthetic cork material of Example I was compared with natural cork plugs for sealing efficiency in necked glass bottles. The results are as follows: Product of Example I Natural Cork Compression strength (Ibs) 230 220 Recovery from compression ( /,) I month 85 97 1 hour 97 97.5 2 hours 97 97.5 Sealing force in neck of bottle (Ibs) Immediate 100--120 100--110 After 24 hours & ommat;72 F 60--65 55-60 After I month & ommat; 72 F 60--65 60--70 After 24 hours & um; 40 F 55-65 55-65 After 1 month & ommat; 40 F 55-65 55-65 After 4 hours & ommat; 120 F 30--45 240 After 8 hours & ommat; 120 F 30--45 2--40 Force to remove plug from bottle (Ibs.) After 24 hours & ommat; 72 F 50--65 45-70 After 1 month & ommat; 72 F 45-65 55-70 After 24 hours & ommat; 40 F 70--90 55--80 After 1 month & ommat; 40 F 70--90 55-80 As will be noted from the above, the synthetic cork material of the present invention is quite similar in sealing and plugging qualities to that of natural cork.

EXAMPLE III This comparative example demonstrates the effect of the ionomer component of the formulation, a formulation identical to that given in Example I but without ionomer was prepared and a product extruded therefrom. After abrading the surface of the product as described, the product was tested as a bottle plug and found to be unsatisfactory in that it was not able to contain gas or liquid in the plugged bottle.

EXAMPLE IV In this comparative example, the formulation of Example I with the exception of the Celogen OT blowing agent was processed in accordance with the procedure of Example I. The resultant product was a large celled foam which had unacceptable bottle sealing qualities.

EXAMPLES V-VII The following formulations were processed in accordance with the method described in Example I and each formulation resulted in a synthetic cork product which was the operating equivalent of the product of Example I: A. DYNF-I (LDPE from Union Carbide) 20 Ibs Mistron (Registered Trade Mark) ZCS (50/50 Magnesium silicate/zinc silicate 90 grams Surlyn 1801 (ionomer resin from DuPont) 90 grams Celogen OT-(blowing agent) 60 grams Coloring agent 60 grams B. DYNF-I 15 Ibs Microcell E (Calcium Silicate Nucleation System from Johns-Manville Co.) 25 grams Surlyn 1801 5 Ibs Celogen OT 40 grams Brown and Yellow color 60 grams C. DYNF-1 13 Ibs Microcell E 25 grams Surlyn 1801 7 Ibs Celogen OT 40 grams Brown and Yellow color 60 grams An alternative method of manufacturing the product of the present invention may be accomplished by slab foaming techniques. In this method of manufacture, the basic synthetic cork mixture is foamed in slab fashion to a desired thickness.

Subsequent to cooling of the foam slab, cylindrical sections are cut or die punched therefrom. These sections may be employed as bottle stoppers after further treatment with a wax coating for enhanced sealing properties.

Synthetic cork material made in accordance with the Examples approaches many of the physical properties of natural cork when employed as a closure for a liquid container.

This cork-like material may be employed as a wine bottle stopper and is removable by using an ordinary cork-screw.

This material may be used as a cork substitute in existing wine bottling equipment without modification of said equipment.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A synthetic cork-like article in the form of a stopper or gasket for a liquid container consisting of a closed cell foam made from a foamable mixture of polyolefin and a foaming agent together with an ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer based ionomer resin, the resulting ionomer modified foam article having a matte outer surface and a substantially uniform density throughout its cross-section of from 12 lbs/cu.ft. to 17 Ibs/cu.ft. and a non-leveling coating of moisture impervious material impregnating said matte surface, said material having a higher coefficient of friction than the surface of the foam per se.

2. A synthetic stopper or gasket as claimed in Claim I wherein the polyolefin is a low density polyethylene or polypropylene resin.

3. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 1 in which said polyolefin is a low density polyethylene in proportion of from 60 /" to 98% by weight of said mixture and said ionomer is present from 0.5% to 35% by weight of said mixture.

4. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said coating material includes bees wax.

5. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said coating material comprises 10% to 30% by weight bees wax and 70% to 90% by weight of paraffin.

6. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket made substantially as described in any of Examples I, and V to VII.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (6)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. the basic synthetic cork mixture is foamed in slab fashion to a desired thickness. Subsequent to cooling of the foam slab, cylindrical sections are cut or die punched therefrom. These sections may be employed as bottle stoppers after further treatment with a wax coating for enhanced sealing properties. Synthetic cork material made in accordance with the Examples approaches many of the physical properties of natural cork when employed as a closure for a liquid container. This cork-like material may be employed as a wine bottle stopper and is removable by using an ordinary cork-screw. This material may be used as a cork substitute in existing wine bottling equipment without modification of said equipment. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A synthetic cork-like article in the form of a stopper or gasket for a liquid container consisting of a closed cell foam made from a foamable mixture of polyolefin and a foaming agent together with an ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer based ionomer resin, the resulting ionomer modified foam article having a matte outer surface and a substantially uniform density throughout its cross-section of from 12 lbs/cu.ft. to 17 Ibs/cu.ft. and a non-leveling coating of moisture impervious material impregnating said matte surface, said material having a higher coefficient of friction than the surface of the foam per se.

2. A synthetic stopper or gasket as claimed in Claim I wherein the polyolefin is a low density polyethylene or polypropylene resin.

3. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 1 in which said polyolefin is a low density polyethylene in proportion of from 60 /" to 98% by weight of said mixture and said ionomer is present from 0.5% to 35% by weight of said mixture.

4. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said coating material includes bees wax.

5. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket as set forth in Claim 3 wherein said coating material comprises 10% to 30% by weight bees wax and 70% to 90% by weight of paraffin.

6. A synthetic cork-like stopper or gasket made substantially as described in any of Examples I, and V to VII.