GB1572354A - Apparatus for forming trusses - Google Patents

Description

(54) APPARATUS FOR FORMING TRUSSES (71) We, JAMES KNOWLES and JACK SEVILLE SCHMllT, both citizens of United States of America, respectively of 1275 Club Drive, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, United States of America and 1000 Decker Road, Birmingham; Michigan, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to apparatus for forming trusses. One type of conventional floor truss which is used for supporting building floor surfaces, roof decks and the like, is formed of a pair of parallel, wooden chords, such as 2" x 4" wood strips, arranged one above the other, and interconnected by diagonally arranged webs or struts made of sheet metal.The webs are fastened, at their opposite ends, to the respective chords by means of nailing or by overlapping them with so-called "connector plates" which are flat plates having struck-out teeth which extend through holes in the web ends, for embedding within the wooden chords. Such types of trusses are normally manufactured in a factory building and transported to a construction site for installation as part of a building.

According to the invention there is provided apparatus for forming a truss consisting of two substantially parallel, wooden chord members, a rigid sheet metal web which extends between the chord members and integral securing means of the web which secure the web and the chord members together, comprising, a support surface, a device carried by the support surface for supporting the chord members in substantially spaced apart relation away from the support surface, and two presses which are interconnected and arranged, in use on opposite sides of a truss to be formed, each press being for drawing the securing means of the web into the chord members, each press having a guide means which co-operates with a guide means of the support surface so that the press can move over the support surface parallel to the direction in which a chord member extends when in the apparatus.

Apparatus for forming trusses is hereinafter described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a section of the truss which forms a floor or roof deck joist.

Figure 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, crosssectional view of one chord and the attached webs.

Figure 3 is an enlarged elevational view of a single web-connector, and Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the web-connector.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction of arrows 5-5 of Figure 3, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction of arrows 6-6 of Figure 3 of the apex connector protion of the webconnector.

Figure 7 illustrates the nesting relationship of the webs as they are formed into blanks from a sheet of metal.

Figuree 8 is a perspective view of the apparatus, and Figure 9 is a top plan view of the apparatus.

Figure 10 is an enlarged end view of the apparatus, taken in the direction of arrows 1010 of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a view taken in the direction of arrows 11-11 of Figure 9, showing the presses or clamps.

Figure 12 is an enlarged, front elevational view, partially in cross-section, showing one of the presses and the relationship to the chord and chord support means.

Figures 13-15, inclusive, are fragmentary, perspective views of the apparatus, showing the successive steps in locating the parts forming the truss.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 illus- trates a section of a truss type joist formed of a pair of vertically spaced apart wood chord members 11 which may be of conventional 2" x 4" lumber. The chords are interconnected by diagonally arranged struts or webs formed of sheet metal. Such metal webs 12 are made in a chevron or V-shape to provide web legs 13, an apex connector plate portion 14 and enlarged leg connector portions 15. The connector portions are provided with struck-out spikes or teeth 16 for embedding into the chord members.

The edges of the web legs are bent to form a continuous inner flange 17 which extends substantially the full length of each leg and continues around the arc forming the apex between the legs, and an outer flange 18.

A channel or groove 19 is formed along the length of each leg by bending or impressing for rigidifying the legs in conjunction with the flanges.

As shown in Figure 7, the web-connectors may be formed by starting with an elongated sheet of metal, such as suitable sheet steel of adequate strength and then blanks 12a may be stamped or slit from the sheet. These blanks are in effect, nested, one within the other.

To form the complete web-connectors, the blanks are first, partially lanced; second, formed or flanged; third, teeth punched; and last, finally cut off the sheet, while the sheet passes through a progressive die. Thus, as can be seen, in the manufacturing process for forming the web-connectors, there is a minimum of waste material, which obviously reduces the overall cost of manufacture.

The size, i.e., the height of the web-connectors may be varied in the manufacturing process by using stamping dies which have fixed inserts for the connector portions and teeth and removable leg-forming portions which can be interchanged with other leg-forming portions to make the legs longer or shorter, as desired.

Thus, the die expense, due to the configuration of the web-connector, is substantially reduced.

As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the webconnectors are applied in pairs, one on each vertical face of the aligned chords, and their teeth are embedded only into the side faces of the chords. This permits forming the truss by laying one web-connector down upon a horizontal surface, with its teeth upwardly, laying the chords above it and then placing the second or opposing webconnector upon the exposed upper surfaces of the chords, teeth down, so that a single compression or clamping operation at each overlapped connector portion can cause the teeth thereof to move into the wood from opposite sides. Thus, the assembly of the webconnectors to the wood chords is simplified to a considerable extent and permits the use of the apparatus herein.

With the specific design of the web-connector, edge flanges, and apex arrangement, the loads applied upon the joist which is formed by this truss, places one leg of each web-connector in compression and the other leg in tension, with the resulting force component, longitudinal of each chord. The net result is balancing or approximate cancellation of vertical force components, and absorption of longitudinal force components, as well as resistance against torque or twisting forces. Hence, a good, strong joist is provided using minimal materials.

Referring now to the apparatus for assem- bling such truss-type joists, Figures 8 to 15, the truss making machine, generally designated at 22 (Figure 8), includes a support surface 23 which may be made of a pair of aligned, elongated, horizontal plates 24 supported upon frame cross-members 25 which may be mounted upon suitable legs or framework (not shown). A pair of parallel support rails 26 are located above the plane of the support surface, i.e., above the plane of the plates, by means of angle brackets 27 fastened by bolts 28 to the cross-members 25. The bolts may extend through slots 29 formed in the angle brackets to permit adjustment of at least one rail towards and away from the other.

As illustrated in the drawings, the rails 26 are preferably channel-shaped with intumed ends to form a hollow member having a slot extending along the full length thereof. These are conventionally available cross-sections used for a variety of construction purposes.

Fastened along the rails are a number of upwardly opening support channels or saddles 30, each formed of bent metal having a vertical base 31 which is fastened to its respective rail by a bolt 32 extending through the slot in the rail. Thus, the saddles may be adjusted along the length of the rail and fixed in place as desired. Each saddle provides an upwardly opening channel 33, with all of the saddles on each rail being aligned to receive a single wood chord. The saddles are so formed that a space is provided beneath the chords inserted therein, for positioning a webconnector member upon the rails with the connector portions thereof arranged beneath the chords, i.e., along side the outer sides of the rails, and with their teeth extending upwardly for loosely engaging beneath the chords.

Once the set of web-connector members are positioned along the rails and the chords thereafter arranged in the saddles above them, another set of web connector members may be positioned upon the upper surfaces of the chords with the teeth thereof extending downwardly and with the connector portions vertically aligned with the connector portions of the web-connectors located on the rails to form opposing pairs of connector portions. The connector portions are then squeezed together, in opposing pairs, to embed their teeth within the wood.

For purposes of pressing the teeth of the connector portions into the wood, a pair of presses 35 is provided. These presses are each formed of a roughly C-shaped frame 36 having an outer vertical post 37 and an inner vertical post 38 with an upper, horizontal frame member 39 and a lower horizontal frame member 40. The horizontal frame members may be formed of channels as illustrated.

Each of the press frame members are arranged in a substantially vertical plane, on opposite sides of the rails, and the two frames are interconnected by a strut 41 which is angled so as to offset one frame relative to the other. That is, one frame is arranged to be aligned with a vertically aligned pair of web leg connector portions while the other is aligned with corresponding apex connecting portions for simultaneous operation.

One of the frames is provided with a horizontally elongated guide bar or strip 42 upon which rollers 43 are mounted, with the rollers engaging and riding upon a guide rail 44 fastened upon the support surface 23 alongside of one rail. A support roller 45 may be provided on the base of the other frame, so that it may loosely roll along the support surface. If desired, a second guide rail may be provided.

However, this will have to be an adjustable one to permit adjustment corresponding to the changes in height of the truss being manufactured.

Each press frame has mounted thereon a vertically arranged compression cylinder 48 which is threadedly engaged into a threaded collar 49 formed upon the upper frame member 39. An internal piston 50 within the compression cylinder is connected by a piston rod 51 to an extemal force applying piston 52. The compression cylinder may be operated by hydraulic fluid applied through a hydraulic line 53 connected to a suitable source, such as a pump and pressure holding cylinder. The hydraulic system is not described herein since it is of conventional construction and may be varied to supply the pressurized fluid needed.

The piston 52 engages an elongated upper, steel platen 54 for movement of the platen downwardly, towards the connector portions of the webconnector. Metal side extensions 55 are secured, as by welding, to the frame upper member 39 for mounting a pair of compression springs 56, one on each side of the cylinder. These springs are preferably contained within mounting cups 57 through which a central bolt 58 extends so that the spring engages the base of the cup and also against a washer 59 secured upon a bolt by a wing nut 60. This permits adjustment of the compression of the spring. Each of the bolts is engaged with the platen, as by threading therein, to stabilize and distribute the force of moving the platen downwardly.In addition, the compression springs serve to retract the platen when hydraulic pressure is released from the compression cylinder to thereby eliminate the need of a separate hydraulic connection and valves and the like for returning the pressure cylinder upwardly. Thus, the overall construction of the compression means is simplified.

Secured to the lower frame member 40 of each of the frames is a lower platen 61 of the same size and shape as the upper platen and vertically aligned therewith. Thus, the lower platen is arranged to engage the connector portion of a lower webconnector and correspondingly, the upper platen engages the vertically aligned connector portion of the upper web-connector.

In order to facilitate the rapid positioning of the webconnectors upon the rails, a locater pin 62, mounted upon a pin support plate 63 and fastened to the rail by a bolt 64 is arranged at each of the web-connector members, with each having a hole 65 formed in its leg for receiving the locator pin 62.

In operation, the operator of the apparatus first positions a number of web connectors upon the rails as illustrated in dotted lines in Figure 9, with their teeth extending upwardly.

Then, chord members are placed within the saddles with the chord members located above the connector portions of the web-connectors.

Then, a second set of chordconnectors are placed, teeth down, upon the chords, in alignment with the lower set. Next, the operator slides the presses along the length of the support surface to simultaneously align the press on one side with a pair of aligned connector portions and the press on the opposite side with similarly aligned connector portions. Actuation of the hydraulic system causes the platen to lower and thereby squeeze the composite connector portion-chord-connector portion together for embedding the teeth within the wood. Because of the localized nature of the forces, sufficient pressure may be generated to push the teeth into the chords rapidly and fully.Then, deactuation of the hydraulic sys- tem by means of a suitable switch, will result in the upper platens raising due to the compression springs and the unit of the two presses may then be slid further to engage two more pairs of connector portions. By simply moving down the line, from one connector portion to the next, the operator may then assemble each of the web-connectors to the chords. Upon completion, the presses are slid out of the way at one end or the other of the support surface and the completed joist may be lifted upwardly and set aside for repeat of the operation. Because the webconnectors each carry their own integral fastening elements, namely, the teeth which embed only into the side faces of the chords (i.e., when the chord is arranged vertically), the entire operation is simplified and may be rapidly performed with minimum labor.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. Apparatus for forming a truss consisting of two substantially parallel, wooden chord members, a rigid sheet metal web which extends between the chord members and integral securing means of the web which secure the web and the chord members together, comprising, a support surface, a device carried by the support surface for supporting the chord members in substantially spaced apart relation away from the support surface, and

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (10)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. 40. The horizontal frame members may be formed of channels as illustrated. Each of the press frame members are arranged in a substantially vertical plane, on opposite sides of the rails, and the two frames are interconnected by a strut 41 which is angled so as to offset one frame relative to the other. That is, one frame is arranged to be aligned with a vertically aligned pair of web leg connector portions while the other is aligned with corresponding apex connecting portions for simultaneous operation. One of the frames is provided with a horizontally elongated guide bar or strip 42 upon which rollers 43 are mounted, with the rollers engaging and riding upon a guide rail 44 fastened upon the support surface 23 alongside of one rail. A support roller 45 may be provided on the base of the other frame, so that it may loosely roll along the support surface. If desired, a second guide rail may be provided. However, this will have to be an adjustable one to permit adjustment corresponding to the changes in height of the truss being manufactured. Each press frame has mounted thereon a vertically arranged compression cylinder 48 which is threadedly engaged into a threaded collar 49 formed upon the upper frame member 39. An internal piston 50 within the compression cylinder is connected by a piston rod 51 to an extemal force applying piston 52. The compression cylinder may be operated by hydraulic fluid applied through a hydraulic line 53 connected to a suitable source, such as a pump and pressure holding cylinder. The hydraulic system is not described herein since it is of conventional construction and may be varied to supply the pressurized fluid needed. The piston 52 engages an elongated upper, steel platen 54 for movement of the platen downwardly, towards the connector portions of the webconnector. Metal side extensions 55 are secured, as by welding, to the frame upper member 39 for mounting a pair of compression springs 56, one on each side of the cylinder. These springs are preferably contained within mounting cups 57 through which a central bolt 58 extends so that the spring engages the base of the cup and also against a washer 59 secured upon a bolt by a wing nut 60. This permits adjustment of the compression of the spring. Each of the bolts is engaged with the platen, as by threading therein, to stabilize and distribute the force of moving the platen downwardly.In addition, the compression springs serve to retract the platen when hydraulic pressure is released from the compression cylinder to thereby eliminate the need of a separate hydraulic connection and valves and the like for returning the pressure cylinder upwardly. Thus, the overall construction of the compression means is simplified. Secured to the lower frame member 40 of each of the frames is a lower platen 61 of the same size and shape as the upper platen and vertically aligned therewith. Thus, the lower platen is arranged to engage the connector portion of a lower webconnector and correspondingly, the upper platen engages the vertically aligned connector portion of the upper web-connector. In order to facilitate the rapid positioning of the webconnectors upon the rails, a locater pin 62, mounted upon a pin support plate 63 and fastened to the rail by a bolt 64 is arranged at each of the web-connector members, with each having a hole 65 formed in its leg for receiving the locator pin 62. In operation, the operator of the apparatus first positions a number of web connectors upon the rails as illustrated in dotted lines in Figure 9, with their teeth extending upwardly. Then, chord members are placed within the saddles with the chord members located above the connector portions of the web-connectors. Then, a second set of chordconnectors are placed, teeth down, upon the chords, in alignment with the lower set. Next, the operator slides the presses along the length of the support surface to simultaneously align the press on one side with a pair of aligned connector portions and the press on the opposite side with similarly aligned connector portions. Actuation of the hydraulic system causes the platen to lower and thereby squeeze the composite connector portion-chord-connector portion together for embedding the teeth within the wood. Because of the localized nature of the forces, sufficient pressure may be generated to push the teeth into the chords rapidly and fully.Then, deactuation of the hydraulic sys- tem by means of a suitable switch, will result in the upper platens raising due to the compression springs and the unit of the two presses may then be slid further to engage two more pairs of connector portions. By simply moving down the line, from one connector portion to the next, the operator may then assemble each of the web-connectors to the chords. Upon completion, the presses are slid out of the way at one end or the other of the support surface and the completed joist may be lifted upwardly and set aside for repeat of the operation.Because the webconnectors each carry their own integral fastening elements, namely, the teeth which embed only into the side faces of the chords (i.e., when the chord is arranged vertically), the entire operation is simplified and may be rapidly performed with minimum labor. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. Apparatus for forming a truss consisting of two substantially parallel, wooden chord members, a rigid sheet metal web which extends between the chord members and integral securing means of the web which secure the web and the chord members together, comprising, a support surface, a device carried by the support surface for supporting the chord members in substantially spaced apart relation away from the support surface, and

two presses which are interconnected and arranged, in use, on opposite sides of a truss to be formed, each press being for driving the securing means of the web into the chord members, each press having a guide means which co-operates with a guide means of the support surface so that the press can move over the support surface parallel to the direc tion in which a chord member extends when in the apparatus.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the support surface is an elongated, horizontal support surface, in which the two presses comprise a pair of opposed frames arranged upon, in use, opposite sides of the chord member in substantially vertical planes arranged transversely of the chord members and supported upon the support surface, in which the said guide means on the support member comprises a guide rail formed upon and extending along the length of the support surface in use along one side of the chord member, and cooperating with the guide means formed on one of the press frames for guiding it along said guide rail, in which the presses are interconnected by means connecting the two frames for moving the presses simultaneously along the length or the support frame for align ing them with opposed web connector portions overlapping in use the pair of chord members; and in which each press comprises a selectively actuatable clamp mounted upon a horizontal leg formed upon each frame, and a pressure anvil portion formed upon an opposite horizontal leg of each frame in vertical alignment with its respective clamp and the chord members for locatingthe chord members between the respective champs and anvils, for pressing the connector portions against the chords for thereby embedding the integral securing means consisting of teeth into the chord members.

3. Apparatus according to Claim 2 in which the presses each comprise a fixed fluid operated cylinder having a piston movable outwardly therefrom and engaging a platen for applying pressure; and a compression spring mounted upon fixed supports on opposite sides of the cylinder for spring urging guide bolts connected to said platen in a direction away from the platen for thereby guiding said platen as well as retracting the piston and the platen towards said cylinder.

4. Apparatus according to Claim 1, in which said device for supporting the chord members comprises a pair of elongated support rails having upwardly opening channel members secured thereto for receiving and holding the chord members above and parallel to the rails, whereby a numbr of webs may be loosely placed upon the rails with their connector plates arranged beneath the chord members and the integral securing means consisting of teeth extending upwardly towards the chord members, and a corresponding number of plates may be loosely arranged upon the chords with their connector portion teeth extending downwardly, wherein actuation of the clamps simultaneously squeeze pairs of opposed connector portions towards the chord members therebetween for embed ding the teeth therein.

5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, in which at least one of the rails is mounted for selective movement towards and away from the other rail for adjusting and fixing the space therebetween.

6. Apparatus according to Claim 1, in which the support surface has a pair of parallel support rails mounted above the support surface; in which there is a number of upwardly opening U-shaped supports secured to the support rails for receiving wooden chord members and positioning them above and to the sides of the said rails, whereby the metal webs may be laid upon said rails so that their ends extend generally transversely of the support rails and beneath chords supported within such U-shaped supports, said rails and U-shaped supports comprising said device, each of said presses comprising a generally C-shaped frame arranged in a vertical plane, with one frame opening towards the other and means interconnecting the two frames for joint movement, a pressure clamp means mounted upon a horizontal leg of each of said frames and an opposing platen mounted upon a horizontal leg of each of said frames and an opposing platen mounted upon another leg of said frames in alignment with the clamp means, with said clamp means arranged to overlap its adjacent chord in use; wherein webs may be arranged on said rail below said chord members and corresponding webs may be arranged upon the upper surfaces of said chords in alignment with the first mentioned webs and said clamp means may be each aligned with a pair of opposed tooth portions formed on said webs so that actuation of said clamp means squeeze the webs towards the chords for embedding their teeth herein.

7. Apparatus according to Claim 6 at least one of said rails being mounted for selective movement towards and away from the other rail for adjusting and fixing the space therebetween.

8.Apparatus according to Claim 6 or Claim 7, further including locater means secured to one of said rails to align and position the web beneath said chords.

9. Apparatus according to any of Claims 6 to 8, which the U-shaped supports are adjustable along the length of said rails.

10. Apparatus for forming a truss, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.