GB1570499A - Ball and socket joints - Google Patents

Ball and socket joints Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1570499A
GB1570499A GB52717/75A GB5271775A GB1570499A GB 1570499 A GB1570499 A GB 1570499A GB 52717/75 A GB52717/75 A GB 52717/75A GB 5271775 A GB5271775 A GB 5271775A GB 1570499 A GB1570499 A GB 1570499A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
portions
ball
housing part
recess
socket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB52717/75A
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Automotive Products PLC
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Automotive Products PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automotive Products PLC filed Critical Automotive Products PLC
Priority to GB52717/75A priority Critical patent/GB1570499A/en
Publication of GB1570499A publication Critical patent/GB1570499A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/11—Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints

Description

( > 4) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS (71) We, AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS LIMITED, a British Company of Tachbrook Road. Leamington Spa. Warwickshire, England, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us. and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to ball and socket joints which are used commonly in vehicle steering and vehicle suspension units and is an improvement in or a modification of the invention that forms the subject of our copending British Patent Application No.
51891/73 (Serial No. 1,485 3653. Such ball and socket joints comprise a 911 pin, which has its head retained for angular movement within a socket housing, and a stem which extends from the head through an aperture which is formed by the socket housing and which comprises a mouth of the cavity that is formed within the socket housing, the diameter of the aperture being less than the diameter of the head.
The Complete Specification filed in connection with our co-pending British Patent Application No. 51891/73 (Serial No.
i.-ISs,365) describes and claims a ball and socket joint including a socket housing comprising two parts which together define a socket cavity within which a part-spherical head of a ball pin is retained for angular movement. the ball pin having a stem which extends from the head through an aperture which is formed by the socket housing and which comprises a mouth of the socket cav itv, the two, housing parts having coaxial mating portions and being held against movement relative to one another in a direction parallel to the axes of those coaxial mating portions by engagement within a nonhelical recess defined in the outer surface of one of the housing parts of another portion of the other housing part, the recess and the other portion of said other part being curved correspondingly and together extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions.
Also the Complete Specification filed in connection with our co-pending British Patent Application No. 51891/73 (Serial No. 1,485,365) describes and claims a method of assembling a ball and socket joint comprising inserting one of first and second housing parts into a cavity defined within the other and thereby bringing mating portions of the two housing parts into coaxial mating engagement after having passed the stem of a ball pin through an aperture defined by said first housing part, and then deforming a portion of said other housing part at the periphery of the cavity defined therein to engage said deformed portion within a non-helical recess in the outer surface of said one housing part, the portion so deformed extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions so that the two housing parts which together define a socket cavity within which a part-spherical head of the ball pin is retained, are held against movement relative to one another in either direction parallel to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, the diameter of the aperture of said first housing part being less than the diameter of said part-spherical ball head so that said aperture constitutes the mouth of the socket cavity.
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a ball and socket joint including a socket housing comprising two parts which together form a socket cavity within which a part-spherical head of a ball pin is retained for angular movement, the ball pin having a stem which extends from the head through an aperture which is formed by the socket housing and which comprises a mouth of the socket cavity, the two housing parts having coaxial mating portions and being held against movement relative to one another in a direction parallel to the axes of those coaxial mating portions by engagement within a non-helical recess defined in the outer surface of one of the housing parts of another portion of the other housing part, the recess and the other portion of said other housing part being curved correspondingly and together extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, wherein at least part of at least one of the mating surfaces of the recess and the other portion of said other housing part is roughened. The roughened surface part or parts of said one mating surface may be serrated and preferably are knurled.
Preferably said one mating surface is the surface of the recess and conveniently it is annular. The profile of the surface of the recess in a plane which contains the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions may be generally V-shaped, the side walls of the generally V-shaped recess being joined by an arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess.
The roughened surface part or parts of the or each mating surface may comprise at least one circumferential band. Conveniently there are two such circumferential bands which are separated by a plain portion of the respective mating surface which may be the portion that forms the base or the peak of that mating surface.
There may be two or more such other portions of said other housing part each engaged in such a non-helical recess which is formed in the radially outer surface of said one housing part. One form of ball and socket joint in which this invention is embodied has a single non-helical recess which is annular and four such other portions of said other housing part, each of the four other portions being straight, having its central portion engaged within the annular recess, being tangential to the base of the annular recess and being substantially normal to the adjacent ones of the four other portions of said other housing part. Another form of ball and socket joint in which this invention is embodied has a single nonhelical recess which is annular and two such other portions of said other housing part, each of the two other portions of said other housing part being arcuate and embracing a major part of a respective half of the recess, the two arcuate portions being connected together at their ends by a respective radially outwardly-projecting portion.
In another aspect of this invention there is provided a method of asembling a ball and socket joint comprising inserting one of first and second housing parts into a cavity defined within the other and thereby bringing mating portions of the two housing parts into coaxial mating engagement after having passed the stem of a ball pin through an aperture defined by said first housing part and then deforming a portion of said other housing part at the periphery of the cavity defined therein to engage said deformed portion within a non-helical recess in the outer surface of said one housing part, the portion so deformed extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions so that the two housing parts, which together define a socket cavity within which a part spherical head of the ball pin is retained, are held against movement relative to one another in either direction parallel to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, the diameter of the aperture of said first housing part being less than the diameter of said part-spherical ball head so that said aperture constitutes the mouth of the socket cavity, wherein at least part of the surface of the portion of said other housing part which is deformed for engagement within the recess is roughened before that portion is deformed.
Preferably the roughened part or parts comprise at least part of the surface of an annular groove which is formed in the outer surface of said one housing part, the or each surface part being roughened by knurling, conveniently by use of a standard knurling tool. A standard knurling tool may be used to form one of two knurled circumferential bands within the annular recess which conveniently has a profile in a plane which contains the axis of said first housing part which is generally V-shaped, the side walls of the generally V-shaped recess being joined by an arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess. The arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess is roughened where the roughened surface part of the recess comprises a single circumferential band. Where there are two such circumferential bands, they may be separated by a plain portion which includes the arcuate surface portion that forms the base of the recess.
Two or more portions of said other housing part, which are located at the periphery of the cavity that is formed in that other housing part, may be deformed to engage the or each such deformed portion within a recess in the outer surface of said one housing part by the crimping action of a cooperating pair of profiled die blocks. A pair of "V" profiled die blocks may be employed to deform four such portions of said other housing part so that each of those four portions is straight, has its central portion in engagement with the recess which is annular, is tangential to the base of that annular recess and is substantially normal to the adj acent two such deformed portions. Alternatively a pair of U-profiled die blocks may be employed to deform two opposed portions of said other housing part so that each of those deformed portions is arcuate and is engaged within the annular recess over a major part of half the circumference of that annular recess, the two arcuate deformed portions of said other housing part being connected together at each end by intervening underformed portions of said other housing part which project radially outwardly from the annular recess.
Two forms of ball and socket joint in which this invention is embodied will be described now by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which: Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of ball and socket joint in which this invention is embodied; Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section on the line III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 is an elevation of one part of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 3; Figure 4A is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a modified form of the part that is shown in Figure 4; Figure 5 illustrates a step in the method of assembling the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4; Figure 6 is a side elevation of another form of ball and socket joint in which this invention is embodied; Figure 7 is a section on the line VII-VII of Figure 6; and Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 5 which illustrates the same step in the method of assembling the ball and socket joint illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the draw ings a ball and socket joint comprises a ball pin 11 which has a stem 12, which projects radially from the ball 13, and, directly opposite the stem 12, a flat surface portion 14 of the ball 13. Grooves 15 are formed in the part-spherical surface of the ball 13 for lubrication purposes. The provision of such grooves is well known.
The stem 12 projects through an aperture 16 which is formed at one end of an annular part 17 of a socket housing 18. The wall of the aperture 16 is frusto-conical and diverges outwardly from the part-spherical inner surface portion 19 of the socket housing part 17. The ball 13 is engaged within the part-spherical surface 19. The socket housing part 17 has a cylindrical portion 20.
The inner wall of the cylindrical portion 20 is tapped and has a diameter greater than the diameter of the ball 13. The inner surface of the cylindrical portion 20 extends away from the aperture 16 from the region of the equator of the ball 13. A second socket housing part 21, which also is annular, has an external tapped tubular portion which is screwed into the cylindrical portion 20 so that it mates coaxially with that cylindrical portion 20. The second housing part 21 has a radially inwardly directed annular web 22 intermediate its ends. A dished annular bearing member 23 has its smaller diameter end portion projecting through the aperture formed by the annular web 22 and is held against the spherical surface of the ball 13 by a bearing support member 24 of resilient material which is entrapped within the annular cavity that is formed by the dished annular bearing member 23, the radial web 22, and the inner surface of that part of the second housing part 21 which is screwed into the cylindrical portion 20 of the first housing part 17.
The second housing part 21 has a circumferentially extending concave groove 25 formed in its outer surface at the end of its screw threaded portion in the region of the annular web 22. The profile of the concave groove 25 in a radial plane which contains the axis of the socket housing 18 is substantially V-shaped, can be seen in Figure 4, the side walls 25A and 25B of the substantially V-shaped groove 25 being joined by an arcuate surface portion 25C which forms the base of the circumferentially - extending groove 25. Each side wall 25A, 25B of the circumferentially - extending groove 25 has a respective circumferentially - extending knurled surface portion 25D, 25E. The knurled surface portions 25D and 25E, which comprise circumferential bands separated by the arcuate portion 25C that has a substantially smooth plain surface, are formed conveniently in a single operation by a standard knurling tool.
Figures 1 to 3 show that the end portion of the cylindrical portion 20 of the first socket housing part 17 is deformed so that it forms four circumferentially spaced portions 26 each of which is engaged within the circumferentially-extending groove 25.
Each deformed portion 26 of the first socket housing part 17 is straight, has its central portion in engagement with the surface of the recess 25, is tangential to the base of the recess 25 and is substantially normal to the two adjacent deformed portions 26. Also the central portion of each deformed portion 26, which is engaged within the groove 25, extends inwardly and outwardly with respect to the axis of the annular socket housing 18. The inter-engagement of the central portions of the four deformed portions 26 of the first socket housing part 17 within the circumferentially-extending groove 25 of the second socket housing part 21 locks the two socket housing parts 17 and 21 against movement relative to one another in either direction and the knurled circumferentially-extending surface bands 25D and 25E provide direct locking against angular movement of either socket housing part 17,21 relative to the other.
The second socket housing part 21 is provided with an opposed pair of spanner flats 27.
Figure 4A shows that, instead of there being a spaced apart pair of knurled surface portions 25D and 25E, each formed in a respective one of the two side walls 25A and 25B of the circumferentially-extending groove 25, the groove 25 may be provided with a single knurled surface portion 25F that extends from one of the sidewall portions 25A, 25B through the arcuate portion 25C to the other sidewall portion 25A, 25B.
Such a single knurled surface portion 25F can be formed in the groove 25 by a knurling tool.
A pair of V-profiled die blocks 28 may be employed, as illustrated in Figure 5, to deform the end of the cylindrical portion 20 of the first socket housing part 17 during assembly of a ball and socket joint as described above the reference to Figures 1 to 4 or 4A and thereby to form the deformed portions 26 of that cylindrical portion 20 and engage those deformed portions within the circumferentially - extending groove 25 so that the inner surface of the centre of each of those deformed portions 26 is inter-engaged with the surface of the groove 25 and is shaped correspondingly.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a ball and socket joint which generally is similar to that described above with reference to Figures 1 to 5 and which is assembled in a slightly different manner. Those parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 that are identical to corresponding parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A are identified by the same reference numerals. Parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 which are modified versions of corresponding parts of the ball and socket joint described above with reference to Figures 1 to 4 or 4A are identified by the same reference numerals with the addition of the suffix "A".
The difference between the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 and the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A comprises the form of the deformed portions of the cylindrical portion 20A of the first socket housing 17A. The ball pin 11 and the second socket housing part 21 are identical to those of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A.
The end of the cylindrical portion 20 of the first socket housing part is deformed so that it comprises two opposed arcuate deformed portions 29 which each extend over a major part of half the circumferentially - extending groove 25 and which are joined to one another at their ends by substantially underformed intervening portions 31 which project radially outwardly.
Figure 8 shows that the end of the cylindrical portion 20A of the first socket housing part 1 7A is deformed to form the two deformed arcuate portions 29 and engage those deformed arcuate portions 29 in the circumferentially - extending groove 25, by the action of a pair of U-profiled die blocks 32.
The recess that is formed in the radially outer surface of the second housing part 21 may have an arcuate profile in a radial plane which contains the axis of the housing 18.
There may be a single circumferentially extending band which is formed by knurling the surface of such a groove which has an arcuate profile. Such a single band would include the base of the groove.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A ball and socket joint including a socket housing comprising two parts which together form a socket cavity within which a part-spherical head of a ball pin is retained for angular movement, the ball pin having a stem which extends from the head through an aperture which is formed by the socket housing and which comprises a mouth of the socket cavity, the two housing parts having coaxial mating portions and being held against movement relative to one another in a direction parallel to the axes of those coaxial mating portions by engagement within a non-helical recess defined in the outer surface of one of the housing parts of another portion of the other housing part, the recess and the other portion of said other housing part being curved correspondingly and together extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, wherein at least part of at least one of the mating surfaces of said recess and the other portion of the other housing part is roughened.
2. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 1, wherein the roughened surface part or parts of said one mating surface are serrated.
3. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 2, wherein the roughened surface part or parts of said one mating surface are knurled.
4. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said one mating surface is the surface of the recess.
5. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein said one mating surface is annular.
6. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the profile of the surface of the recess in a plane which contains the axes of said coaxial mating
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (22)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    21 against movement relative to one another in either direction and the knurled circumferentially-extending surface bands 25D and 25E provide direct locking against angular movement of either socket housing part 17,21 relative to the other.
    The second socket housing part 21 is provided with an opposed pair of spanner flats 27.
    Figure 4A shows that, instead of there being a spaced apart pair of knurled surface portions 25D and 25E, each formed in a respective one of the two side walls 25A and 25B of the circumferentially-extending groove 25, the groove 25 may be provided with a single knurled surface portion 25F that extends from one of the sidewall portions 25A, 25B through the arcuate portion 25C to the other sidewall portion 25A, 25B.
    Such a single knurled surface portion 25F can be formed in the groove 25 by a knurling tool.
    A pair of V-profiled die blocks 28 may be employed, as illustrated in Figure 5, to deform the end of the cylindrical portion 20 of the first socket housing part 17 during assembly of a ball and socket joint as described above the reference to Figures 1 to 4 or 4A and thereby to form the deformed portions 26 of that cylindrical portion 20 and engage those deformed portions within the circumferentially - extending groove 25 so that the inner surface of the centre of each of those deformed portions 26 is inter-engaged with the surface of the groove 25 and is shaped correspondingly.
    Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a ball and socket joint which generally is similar to that described above with reference to Figures 1 to 5 and which is assembled in a slightly different manner. Those parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 that are identical to corresponding parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A are identified by the same reference numerals. Parts of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 which are modified versions of corresponding parts of the ball and socket joint described above with reference to Figures 1 to 4 or 4A are identified by the same reference numerals with the addition of the suffix "A".
    The difference between the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 6 and 7 and the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A comprises the form of the deformed portions of the cylindrical portion 20A of the first socket housing 17A. The ball pin 11 and the second socket housing part 21 are identical to those of the ball and socket joint shown in Figures 1 to 4 or 4A.
    The end of the cylindrical portion 20 of the first socket housing part is deformed so that it comprises two opposed arcuate deformed portions 29 which each extend over a major part of half the circumferentially - extending groove 25 and which are joined to one another at their ends by substantially underformed intervening portions 31 which project radially outwardly.
    Figure 8 shows that the end of the cylindrical portion 20A of the first socket housing part 1 7A is deformed to form the two deformed arcuate portions 29 and engage those deformed arcuate portions 29 in the circumferentially - extending groove 25, by the action of a pair of U-profiled die blocks 32.
    The recess that is formed in the radially outer surface of the second housing part 21 may have an arcuate profile in a radial plane which contains the axis of the housing 18.
    There may be a single circumferentially extending band which is formed by knurling the surface of such a groove which has an arcuate profile. Such a single band would include the base of the groove.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A ball and socket joint including a socket housing comprising two parts which together form a socket cavity within which a part-spherical head of a ball pin is retained for angular movement, the ball pin having a stem which extends from the head through an aperture which is formed by the socket housing and which comprises a mouth of the socket cavity, the two housing parts having coaxial mating portions and being held against movement relative to one another in a direction parallel to the axes of those coaxial mating portions by engagement within a non-helical recess defined in the outer surface of one of the housing parts of another portion of the other housing part, the recess and the other portion of said other housing part being curved correspondingly and together extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, wherein at least part of at least one of the mating surfaces of said recess and the other portion of the other housing part is roughened.
  2. 2. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 1, wherein the roughened surface part or parts of said one mating surface are serrated.
  3. 3. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 2, wherein the roughened surface part or parts of said one mating surface are knurled.
  4. 4. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said one mating surface is the surface of the recess.
  5. 5. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein said one mating surface is annular.
  6. 6. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the profile of the surface of the recess in a plane which contains the axes of said coaxial mating
    housing part portions is generally 'V'shaped, the side walls of the generally 'V'shaped recess being joined by an arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess.
  7. 7. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the roughened surface part or parts of the or each mating surface comprise at least one circumferential band.
  8. 8. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 7, wherein there are two such circumferential bands which are separated by a plain portion of the respective mating surface.
  9. 9. A ball and socket joint according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein there are two or more such other portions of said other housing part each engaged in such a non-helical recess which is formed in the radially outer surface of said one housing part.
  10. 10. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 9, having a single non-helical recess which is annular and four such other portions of said other housing part, each of the four other portions being straight, having its central portion engaged within the annular recess, being tangential to the base of the annular recess and being substantially normal to the adjacent ones of the four other portions of said other housing part.
  11. 11. A ball and socket joint according to Claim 9, having a single non-helical recess which is annular and two such other portions of said other housing part, each of the two other portions of said other having part being arcuate and embracing a major part of a respective half of the recess, the two arcuate portions being connected together at their ends by a respective radially outwardly projecting portion.
  12. 12. A method of assembling a ball and socket joint comprising inserting one of first and second housing parts into a cavity defined within the other and thereby bringing mating portions of the two housing parts into coaxial mating engagement after having passed the stem of a ball pin through an aperture defined by said first housing part and then deforming a portion of said other housing part at the periphery of the cavity defined therein to engage said deformed portion within a non-helical recess in the outer surface of said one housing part, the portion so deformed extending inwardly and then outwardly with respect to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions so that the two housing parts, which together define a socket cavity within which a part spherical head of the ball pin is retained, are held against movement relative to one another in either direction parallel to the axes of said coaxial mating housing part portions, the diameter of the aperture of said first housing part being less than the diameter of said part-spherical ball head so that said aperture constitutes the mouth of the socket cavity, wherein at least part of the surface of the portion of said other housing part which is deformed for engagement within the recess is roughened before that portion is deformed.
  13. 13. A method according to Claim 12, wherein the roughened surface part or parts comprise at least part of the surface of an annular groove which is formed in the outer surface of said one housing part, the or each surface part being roughened by knurling.
  14. 14. A method according to Claim 13, wherein a standard knurling tool is used to form one or two knurled circumferential bands within the annular recess.
  15. 15. A method according to Claim 14, wherein the annular recess in which the one or two knurled circumferential bands are formed by a standard knurling tool has a profile in a plane which contains the axis of said first housing part which is generally 'V'-shaped, the side walls of the generally 'V'-shaped recess being joined by an arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess.
  16. 16. A method according to Claim 15, in which a single knurled circumferential band is formed by a standard knurling tool, the arcuate surface portion which forms the base of the recess being roughened.
  17. 17. A method according to Claim 15, in which two such circumferential bands are formed by a standard knurling tool, the two circumferential bands being separated by a plain portion which includes the arcuate surface portion that forms the base of the recess.
  18. 18. A method according to any one of Claims 12 to 17, wherein two or more portions of said other housing part, which are located at the periphery of the cavity that is formed in that other housing part are deformed to engage the or each such deformed portion within a recess in the outer surface of said one housing part by the crimping action of a co-operating pair of profiled die blocks.
  19. 19. A method according to Claim 18, wherein a pair of 'V'-profiled die blocks are employed to deform four such portions of said other housing part so that each of those four portions is straight, has its central portion in engagement with the recess which is annular, is tangential to the base of that annular recess and is substantially normal to the adjacent two such deformed portions.
  20. 20. A method according to Claim 18, wherein a pair of U-profiled die blocks are employed to deform two opposed portions of said other housing part so that each of those deformed portions is arcuate and is engaged within the annular recess over a major part of half the circumference of that annular recess, the two arcuate deformed portions of said other housing part being connected together at each end by intervening underformed portions of said other housing part which project radially outwardly from the annular recess.
  21. 21. A ball and socket joint substantially as described hereinbefore with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4A, or Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
  22. 22. A method of assembling a ball and socket joint substantially as described hereinbefore with reference to Figures 1 to 5 or Figures 6 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
GB52717/75A 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Ball and socket joints Expired GB1570499A (en)

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GB52717/75A GB1570499A (en) 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Ball and socket joints

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4478531A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-10-23 Moog Automotive, Inc. Rack and pinion ball joint assembly
WO2011050145A1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-04-28 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system for anterior cervical spine surgery
US10893855B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2021-01-19 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system and retractor with detachable handle
US20210245563A1 (en) * 2018-05-02 2021-08-12 Hc-Atm Group Pty Ltd Bush assembly
US11375989B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2022-07-05 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system, swivel lock, and surgical retractor blade
US11806002B2 (en) 2021-02-01 2023-11-07 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system and retractor arm with detachable handle

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4478531A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-10-23 Moog Automotive, Inc. Rack and pinion ball joint assembly
WO2011050145A1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-04-28 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system for anterior cervical spine surgery
US9320506B2 (en) 2009-10-21 2016-04-26 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system for anterior cervical spine surgery
US10893855B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2021-01-19 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system and retractor with detachable handle
US20210245563A1 (en) * 2018-05-02 2021-08-12 Hc-Atm Group Pty Ltd Bush assembly
US11375989B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2022-07-05 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system, swivel lock, and surgical retractor blade
US11806002B2 (en) 2021-02-01 2023-11-07 Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. Retractor system and retractor arm with detachable handle

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