GB1566447A - Reflectors - Google Patents
Reflectors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1566447A GB1566447A GB38391/76A GB3839176A GB1566447A GB 1566447 A GB1566447 A GB 1566447A GB 38391/76 A GB38391/76 A GB 38391/76A GB 3839176 A GB3839176 A GB 3839176A GB 1566447 A GB1566447 A GB 1566447A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- focal point
- common focal
- common
- sections
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/08—Optical design with elliptical curvature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO REFLECTORS
(71) I, WILLI LÜDERITZ, of 4990
Liibbecke, Westerbach-Strasse 27, German
Federal Republic a citizen of the German
Federal Republic do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following state- ment:
The present invention relates to a compound reflector, with particular reference to a mirror-reflector, and to reflecting devices incorporating such a reflector.
According to the present invention, there is provided a compound reflector having a cross-section comprising only two reflector sections each formed along an arc of a respective ellipse to have a proximal focal point and a distal focal point, either the proximal focal points or the distal focal points of said only two reflector sections providing a common focal point and national lines joining the focal points forming an acute angle triangle. In one embodiment of the present invention, the compound reflector is symmetrical about a central axis which extends through the common focal point of the two reflector sections and which is perpendicular to and passes through a line connecting the two non-common focal points of the reflector sections. In this embodiment, the reflector is a circular reflector, the cross-section of which is identical along any plane passing through the central axis.
The foregoing embodiment can take two major forms. In a first form of this embodiment, the common focal point consists of the proximal focal points of both reflector sections and a punctiform light source is located at the common focal point. In this case, a relatively broad column of light is produced which is concentrated along a circular arc representing the non-common focal points of the reflector sections. In a second form of this embodiment, the common focal point consists of the distal focal points of the reflector sections and a circular light source is placed on an arc representing - the non-common focal points of the reflector sections. In this form, a more concentrated light pattern is produced and the light rays reflecting off the compound reflector concentrate at the common focal point.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound reflector is elongate along a central axis. which passes through the common focal point of the reflector sections and which is perpendicular to but does not pass through a line connecting the non-common focal points of the reflector sections, such that the compound reflector forms a trifocal reflector along any plane running perpendicular to the central axis.
In a first form of the latter embodiment, the common focal point consists of the proximal focal points of both reflector sections and an elongate lamp is placed along the central axis. In a second form of this embodiment, the reflector is used not as a light source but as a light accumulator. In this case, the common focal point consists of the proximal focal points of the two reflector sections and the rays of the sun are reflected off the two reflector sections to heat a liquid or gaseous material in an elongate pipe running along the central axis of the compound reflector.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be more particularly described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a trifocal mirror-reflector according to a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a trifocal mirror-reflector according to a second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 3 is a section elevation, on the line 4-4 of Figure 4, of a first lamp incorporating a trifocal mirror-reflector embodying the invention;
Figure 4 is an inverted plan view of the lamp of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a section elevation, on the line 66 of Figure 6, of a second lamp incorporating a trifocal mirror-reflector embodying the invention;
Figure 6 is an inverted plan view of the lamp of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a section view of a solar reflector incorporating a trifocal mirrorreflector embodying the invention; and
Figure 8 is a cross-section on the line 12-/12 of Figure 7.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Figures 1 and 2 a reflector constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention and designated generally as 10. The reflector 10 comprises a first reflector section 12 and a second reflector section 14 which share a common focal point fl. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the common focal point fl is the focal point most distant from the reflector sections 12 and 14. In the embodiment iElus- trated in Figure 2, the common focal point fl is the focal point least distant from the reflector sections 12 and 14.
The reflector sections 12 and 14 need be part elliptical only in cross-section. Thus, the reflector 10 may take many varied forms, some of which are described in detail below. In all cases, the length of focal point lines fl-f2 and fI-f3 may be, but are not necessarily, equal.
An application of the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
In this application the reflector 10 is recessed in a housing 16 located above a ceiling 18. The ceiling 18 is provided with an annular opening 20 which encompasses the focal points f2 and f3 of the reflector sections 12 and 14, respectively. The reflector 10 is symmetrical about a line passing through the common focal point fl and extending perpendicularly to the ceiling 18.
More generally, the reflector 10 is symmetrical about a line passing through the common focal point fl and perpendicular to and passing through a line extending between the focal points f2 and f3. As a result. the cross-section of the reflector 10 taken along any plane passing through the common focal point fl and perpendicular to the ceiling 18 consists of two. part elliptical reflector sections 12 and 14 whose non-common focal points f2 and f3. respectively. Iie within the annular opening 20 in the ceiling 18.
If desired, the annular opening 20 can be covered with glass or other transparent or translucent material.
A punctiform light source 22 is located at the common focal point fl such that the rays emanating therefrom concentrate at the focal points f2 and f3 in the opening 20.
Alternatively, a short tubular high intensity lamp 22 (such as a mercury vapor or sodium vapor lamp) may be used.
An application of the embodiment of
Figure 1 is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. In this application, the reflector 10 is recessed in a housing 24 located above a ceiling 26.
The common focal point fl of the reflector sections 12 and 14 is located within a circular opening 28 in the ceiling 26. Again, the reflector 10 is symmetrical about a line passing through the common focal point fl and extending perpendicularly to the ceiling 26 such that the cross-section of the reflector 10 taken along any plane passing through the focal point fl and perpendicular to the ceiling 26 will comprise two, part elliptical reflector sections 12 and 14, as illustrated in
Figure 5.
An annular light source 30, which may be a ring-shaped fluorescent tube or high intensity lamp, is located within the housing 24 on a circle containing the focal points f2 and f3. The light emitted by the light source 30 reflects off the reflector 10 and is concentrated at the common focal point fl within the circular opening 28 in the ceiling 26. The circular opening 28 may be covered with glass or other transparent or translucent material if so desired.
In both the applications illustrated in
Figures 3 to 6, the reflector 10 is utilized to create recessed ceiling lamps which produce a narrow luminous surface with a high luminous effect, either as a ring surface or as a luminous disc. While both embodiments have been described as utilised in recessed ceiling units, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that these embodiments can easily be adapted to be utilized in standing or other type lamps. In such applications, the ceiling surfaces would be replaced by an appropriate lamp cover containing an annular or circular opening as shown.
In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 3 to 6, the reflector 10 is symmetrical about a line passing through the common focal point f1 and perpendicular to the ceiling or lamp cover. In another embodiment of the invention, the reflector 10 is elongate along an axis passing through the common focal point fl such that the reflector sections are part elliptical in cross-section only along planes taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of one reflector.
In a final embodiment of the present invention. a compound reflector is utilized to concentrate sunlight to heat a liquid or gas substance located at the common focal point of the two reflector sections. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, the trifocal mirror reflector 10 is used to collect solar energy at the common focal point fl. In a similar manner to the embodiment illustrated in
Figures 7 and 8, the reflector 10 is symmetrical about an axis passing through the common focal point fl and perpendicular to a line passing through the focal points f2 and f3. The reflector sections 12 and 14 are formed on an insulative substrate 68 which may support a plurality of reflectors. Liquid or gas to be heated flows through two conduits 70 and 72, which extend the length of the insulative substrate 68 and are connected to a conduit 74 extending along an axis containing the common focal point fl of each reflector 10.
The sun's rays are collected at the common focal point axis and heat the liquid or gas circulating in the conduit 74. The heated liquid or gas is then fed through conduits 70, 72 to a heat exchanger and used in any desired manner, such as in a hot water plant.
The reflectors 10 can also be used directly for heating the water of a swimming pool, in which case the conduits 70, 72 and 74 would not be required. The reflectors can either be embedded in the bottom of the pool or can be arranged to float in the pool. The lower the axis of the focal point in the water, the more effectively the reflector will heat the water.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms within the scope of the appended claims.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. A compound reflector having a crosssection comprising only two adjacent reflector sections each formed along an arc of a respective ellipse to have a proximal focal point and a distal focal point, either the proximal focal points or the distal focal points of said only two reflector sections providing a common focal point and notion
al lines joining the focal points forming an
acute angle triangle.
2. A compound reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common focal point is provided by the proximal focal points of the reflector sections.
3. A compound reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common focal point is provided by the distal focal points of the reflector sections.
4. A compound reflector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the focal lengths of the reflector sections are equal.
5. A compound reflector as claimed in
any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the focal
lengths of the reflector sections are unequal.
6. A compound reflector as claimed in
claim 4, the reflector being rotationally
symmetrical about an axis which passes
through the common focal point and which
passes through and is perpendicular to a line
connecting the non-common focal points of
the reflector sections.
7. A compound reflector as claimed in
any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the
reflector is elongate and said cross-section
thereof is present in any plane of the
reflector perpendicular to its longitudinal
axis.
8. A compound reflector substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A compound reflector substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A light fitting, comprising a housing, a cover for a housing, and a reflector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the reflector being arranged in the housing.
11. A lamp comprising a reflector as
claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and a
light source located at the common focal
point.
12. A lamp comprising a housing, a cover for the housing, a reflector as claimed in claim 6, the reflector being arranged in the housing, and a punctiform light source located at the common focal point, the common focal point being provided by the proximal focal points of the reflector sections.
13. A lamp as claimed in claim 12, wherein the cover is substantially opaque except for an at least translucent annular section surrounding the non-common focal points of the reflector sections.
14. A lamp comprising a housing, a cover for the housing, a reflector as claimed in claim 6. the reflector being arranged in the housing, and a circular light source located on a circle defining the non-common focal points of the reflector sections, the common focal point being provided by the distal focal points of the reflector sections.
15. A lamp as claimed in claim 14, wherein the cover is substantially opaque except for an at least translucent section surrounding said common focal point.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (19)
1. A compound reflector having a crosssection comprising only two adjacent reflector sections each formed along an arc of a respective ellipse to have a proximal focal point and a distal focal point, either the proximal focal points or the distal focal points of said only two reflector sections providing a common focal point and notion
al lines joining the focal points forming an
acute angle triangle.
2. A compound reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common focal point is provided by the proximal focal points of the reflector sections.
3. A compound reflector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common focal point is provided by the distal focal points of the reflector sections.
4. A compound reflector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the focal lengths of the reflector sections are equal.
5. A compound reflector as claimed in
any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the focal
lengths of the reflector sections are unequal.
6. A compound reflector as claimed in
claim 4, the reflector being rotationally
symmetrical about an axis which passes
through the common focal point and which
passes through and is perpendicular to a line
connecting the non-common focal points of
the reflector sections.
7. A compound reflector as claimed in
any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the
reflector is elongate and said cross-section
thereof is present in any plane of the
reflector perpendicular to its longitudinal
axis.
8. A compound reflector substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A compound reflector substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A light fitting, comprising a housing, a cover for a housing, and a reflector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the reflector being arranged in the housing.
11. A lamp comprising a reflector as
claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and a
light source located at the common focal
point.
12. A lamp comprising a housing, a cover for the housing, a reflector as claimed in claim 6, the reflector being arranged in the housing, and a punctiform light source located at the common focal point, the common focal point being provided by the proximal focal points of the reflector sections.
13. A lamp as claimed in claim 12, wherein the cover is substantially opaque except for an at least translucent annular section surrounding the non-common focal points of the reflector sections.
14. A lamp comprising a housing, a cover for the housing, a reflector as claimed in claim 6. the reflector being arranged in the housing, and a circular light source located on a circle defining the non-common focal points of the reflector sections, the common focal point being provided by the distal focal points of the reflector sections.
15. A lamp as claimed in claim 14, wherein the cover is substantially opaque except for an at least translucent section surrounding said common focal point.
16. A lamp substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
17. A lamp substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
8. A fluid heating device, comprising a reflector as claimed in claim 7, the common focal point in each of said planes lying on a common axis, and a fluid conduit extending along the common axis.
19. A fluid heating device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB38391/76A GB1566447A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Reflectors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB38391/76A GB1566447A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Reflectors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1566447A true GB1566447A (en) | 1980-04-30 |
Family
ID=10403171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB38391/76A Expired GB1566447A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Reflectors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1566447A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997022833A1 (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-26 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Unsymmetrical elliptical reflector for spatial illumination |
| WO2011005526A3 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-04-07 | Mahendra Dassanayake | Opto-thermal solution for multi-utility solid state lighting device using conic section geometries |
| ITRM20130444A1 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-01-31 | Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecn Ologie L Ener | LINEAR SOLAR RECEIVER WITH REFLECTIVE CAVITY FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS |
-
1976
- 1976-09-16 GB GB38391/76A patent/GB1566447A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997022833A1 (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-26 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Unsymmetrical elliptical reflector for spatial illumination |
| US5791771A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1998-08-11 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Unsymmetrical elliptical reflector for spatial illumination |
| WO2011005526A3 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-04-07 | Mahendra Dassanayake | Opto-thermal solution for multi-utility solid state lighting device using conic section geometries |
| JP2012531712A (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-12-10 | エルミゲン エルエルシー | Thermo-optic solution for multi-purpose solid-state lighting devices using conic curves |
| ITRM20130444A1 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-01-31 | Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecn Ologie L Ener | LINEAR SOLAR RECEIVER WITH REFLECTIVE CAVITY FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920916 |