GB1560499A - Apparatus for extracting energy from waves - Google Patents
Apparatus for extracting energy from waves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1560499A GB1560499A GB48510/76A GB4851076A GB1560499A GB 1560499 A GB1560499 A GB 1560499A GB 48510/76 A GB48510/76 A GB 48510/76A GB 4851076 A GB4851076 A GB 4851076A GB 1560499 A GB1560499 A GB 1560499A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- float
- units
- wave
- piston
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
- F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
- F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Description
(54) APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM WAVES
(71) I, ClYDE RALPH HOOK, a British
Subject, of 20 Westland Drive, Brookmans Park, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to apparatus for extracting energy from a body of water subject to wave motion, tidal motion or both wave and tidal motion.
Much of the world's energy is obtained by the burning of fossil fuel. On current estimations, however, it is not expected that oil reserves will be sufficient in a few years and in any case oil reserves are not expected to last for more than a few more decades. Alternative sources of energy are therefore required.
One source of energy is nuclear power but there are environmental problems with this.
Another is wave and tidal motion and the present invention is directed to the extraction of energy from a body of water subject to wave and/or tidal motion. Apparatus according to the invention comprises a float having pivotal connections on two parallel axes fixed relative to the float, one of said axes being constrained to move in a vertical direction, the float being asymmetric relative to the constrained axis to define an extended leading edge for meeting an oncoming wave, energy extracting means such that wave or tidal motion in the body of water causes movement of at least one of said pivotal connections on the float and thereby operation of the energy extracting means.
Normally, the energy extracting means comprise piston/cylinder pump units arranged to provide a pressurised fluid output in response to movement of the pivotal connections and the units are preferably double-acting such that pumping occurs when the piston moves in either direction.
A hydraulic accumulator may be provided to receive and store pressurised fluid from the pump units. In a typical hydraulic accumulator the entry of pressurised liquid causes an increase in vessel storage volume which is resisted by an upward movement of a heavy weight. So as to absorb shockloads, it is desirable to incorporate an air cushion in communication with the pressurised liquid.
Particularly where the apparatus is to be located in regions subject to sub-zero temperatures the energy extracting means is preferably an hydraulic system in which a working fluid operates in a closed cycle.
The working fluid in such a system can be treated with anti-freeze to ensure continuous operation of the energy extracting means.
Apparatus according to the invention can operate to extract energy from both horizontal and vertical movement of a body of water. Initial impact of a wave (primarily horizontal motion) on the leading edge of the float will cause the float to pivot and during the subsequent passage of the wave the float will rise and fall and pivot back to its original orientation under the action of its buoyancy and weight. The pivotal axis is not precisely defined, but will normally be somewhere between the two axes on the float and usually near the constrained axis. The exact location of the pivotal axis will depend on the characteristics of the float and the magnitude of the impinging wave.
The float will of course also move in response to tidal motion alone.
As it is the shape, buoyancy and weight of the float which drive the energy extracting means, these should be matched to the operating characteristics of the extracting means and so far as is possible. to the likely nature of the movement of the body of water in which the apparatus is to operate. To some extent of course the movement of the float will adapt itself to the movement of the water.
It is not essential for the constrained axis on the float to remain horizontal. Instead it, and consequently the float, can be allowed to tilt so as to accommodate the effect of a wave reaching one side of the float before the other side. Despite this tilting, the axis will remain in that upright plane in which it is constrained, and the float as a whole will be capable of up and down motion but not horizontal motion transverse to the said axis.
The energy extracting means are preferably positioned above the water level. This has the advantage that they need not be immersed in sea water and so subject to serious corrosion problems and that they are readily accessible for maintenance and repair. An advantage of using piston-cylinder units as the energy extracting means positioned above the water level is that they can be used to raise the float clear of the water for servicing or repair and thus the float does not need to be towed from site to a dock for this purpose. Further, because the float may be very heavy, it is better for it to be suspended from piston-cylinder units than supported by them. Lastly the units can be driven from stored pressurised fluid to submerge the float below the water in the event that the waves become too rough and liable to damage the float and other parts of the apparatus.
There may be one piston-cylinder unit coupled to each pivotal connection or a number of units linked in parallel to a plurality of connections if the float is wide enough to absorb large quantities of energy from waves. Preferably there are at least two units, one at each end of the float, coupled to connections on each axis.
It is desirable that the apparatus of the invention be positioned such that at all states of the tide the water is deep enough to prevent the float coming into contact with the sea bed so that the float is always in a state of buoyancy. To this end the apparatus of the invention can be supported by a pier whose underwater base could be, for example, of a type similar to a "Mulberry harbour", or supported on a structure which is secured to the sea bed. Because the apparatus is designed to absorb horizontal energy from a wave as well as vertical energy it can, however, be positioned relatively close to a shore line which has the important advantage that the absorbed energy can be exported to the shore in a relatively simple fashion, e.g. by hydraulic pipelines or electric cables which need not be long and expensive.
In order that the float pivots as a wave passes beneath it, its underwater shape must be asymmetric relative the constrained axis. The extended leading edge offers a large resistance to the passage of a wave, but on the other hand, it is preferred that the rear portion of the float should offer a low resistance to the passage of a wave. For example, the rear portion could be curved with an axis near that of the constrained axis while the front portion is substantially flat and extends at a tangent to the rear portion.
One possible transverse cross-section for the float is akin to a pear-shape, the neck being oriented towards the wave and the part-circular base facing away from the wave, the constrained axis passing through the centre of the part-circular base of the pear-shape. With such a shape when a wave strikes the neck of the pear-shape, the neck will rise and cause the float to pivot. Then as the wave passes beneath the float the neck will move down so causing the float to pivot back to its former position. Lever arms can extend from the base of the pearshaped float to pivotal connections on the unconstrained axis to provide a reasonable stroke length for actuating the energy extracting means from the unconstrained axis.
To enhance the effect of a wave striking the float, the latter can have attached to it a plate which forms an extension of the underside of the float so increasing the area which is exposed to an oncoming wave.
In order to match the movement of the float to prevailing wave conditions, the float is preferably sub-divided into a number of compartments which can be flooded with water and/or emptied by injecting a compressed gas. In this way the attitude of the float to the waves can be varied and the periodic timing of float movement can be varied.
Further control of the float to match it to particular wave conditions can be achieved by locking the first or second energy extracting means to restrain the float in a particular way. The energy extracting means can be used to lock the float in any particular position by using stored energy to activate the means and so position the float as required.
A further advantage of the invention is that it can be used as a breakwater and to provide harbour facilities.
The invention will now be illustrated, by way of example, with reference to the ac comPanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus according to the invention,
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 mounted close to a shore line; and Fibre 3 is a diagrammatic detail of modified apparatus according to the invention.
The aPparatus 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes a float 12. This floats on the water and its movements are constrained from a structure 14 secured on legs 15 on the sea bed 16.
Pivotally hanging from the structure 14 are a first pair of double acting pistoncylinder units 18. These units 18 hang from the platform from joints 20 and their piston rods 22 extend down to the float.
Attached to the sea bed 16 are pairs of upright spaced parallel guides 26 whirl form part of the structure 14. To the sides of the float are attached guiding cylinders 28 which are engaged between the guides 26 to constrain the float to vertical movements.
Attached to the sides of the cylinders are journals 24 and the lower ends of the piston rods of the units 18 are rotatably fixed to these journals. m this way up and down movements of the float are linked to the units 18.
Attached to the front of the float 12 is a striking plate 30. This plate is angled so as to form an extension of the underside of the float. The float itself has an upright cross-section which is asymmetrical relative the bearing rod 24. Therefore when a wave passes beneath it the float will pivot about that bearing rod. To take advantage of this pivoting, projecting from the rear of the float are lever arms 32 which are pivoted to the piston rods of a second pair of double acting piston-cylinder units 34. These units are suspended from the structure by pivots 36.
Each end of each unit 18 and 34 is linked by conduits 38 to an hydraulic accumulator 40. In the conduits 38 are non-return valves 42. The hydraulic accumulator 40 is sited on land on, for example, a sea wall 44 but could be situated on the platform 14. In communication with the conduits 38 there may be closed vessels (not shown) containing a cushion of gas to act as a shock absorber for the fluid flow.
The hydraulic accumulator can be a pressure vessel with a weighted piston or the like to contain high pressure fluid. Preferably the weight of the piston can be varied by adding or removing weight to suit the prevailing wave conditions. The energy of the pressurised fluid is recovered as and when required by using the pressurised fluid to drive a turbine (not shown) linked for example to an electric generator (not shown). The hydraulic fluid preferably circulates in a closed cycle back from the turbine to the units 18 and 34 and for simplicity can be water containing a suitable anti-freeze component.
In operation the float rises as a wave passes beneath it and then falls. This rising and falling causes pumping of hydraulic fluid under pressure from the units 18 to the accumulator. In addition, because the lower surface of the float is asymmetric about the journals 24, the float is also caused to pivot about them when the striking plate 30 and underside of the float are struck by a wave.
When the float pivots hydraulic fluid is pumped under pressure from the units 34 to the accumulator 40. In these ways energy is extracted from the waves.
An important advantage of the apparatus 10 is that all working parts of the apparatus are readily accessible for servicing and repair. In addition it is possible to use the cylinders 18 so as to raise the float above the waves so as to clean the underside of fouling organisms and marine growths.
This has the advantage that the float does not have to be towed from the site to the shore or dock for this cleaning.
The modified apparatus 50 shown in
Figure 3 includes a number of piston-cylinder units 18 similar to the units 18; four are shown for illustration. These units 18a are linked in parallel and their piston rods are pivoted to a cross member 52 whose ends are linked in turn via intermediate rods 54 to the journals 24 of the float 12.
In a similar fashion an intermediate member 56 extends between the ends of the lever arms 32 and pivotally linked to the rod 36 are the piston rods of a number of pistoncylinder units 34a similar to the units 34; four are shown for illustration purposes.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. Apparatus for extracting energy from a body of water subject to wave and/or tidal motion comprising a float having pivotal connections on two parallel axes fixed relative to the float, one of said axes being constrained to move in a vertical direction, the float being asymmetric relative to the constrained axis to define an extended leading edge for meeting an oncoming wave, energy extracting means coupled to a connection on each said axis, the arrangement being such that wave or tidal motion in the body of water causes movement of at least one of said pivotal connections on the float and thereby operation of the energy extracting means.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the energy extracting means comprise piston/cylinder pump units arranged to provide a pressurised fluid output in response to movement of the pivotal connections.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 in which the piston/cylinder units are doubleacting such that pumping occurs when the piston moves in either direction.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or
Claim 3 in which an hydraulic accumulator is provided to receive and store pressurised fluid from the pump units.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the energy extracting means comprises an hydraulic system in which a working fluid operates in a closed cycle.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the underside of the
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (12)
1. Apparatus for extracting energy from a body of water subject to wave and/or tidal motion comprising a float having pivotal connections on two parallel axes fixed relative to the float, one of said axes being constrained to move in a vertical direction, the float being asymmetric relative to the constrained axis to define an extended leading edge for meeting an oncoming wave, energy extracting means coupled to a connection on each said axis, the arrangement being such that wave or tidal motion in the body of water causes movement of at least one of said pivotal connections on the float and thereby operation of the energy extracting means.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the energy extracting means comprise piston/cylinder pump units arranged to provide a pressurised fluid output in response to movement of the pivotal connections.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 in which the piston/cylinder units are doubleacting such that pumping occurs when the piston moves in either direction.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or
Claim 3 in which an hydraulic accumulator is provided to receive and store pressurised fluid from the pump units.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the energy extracting means comprises an hydraulic system in which a working fluid operates in a closed cycle.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the underside of the
float has a curved rear portion, whose axis of curvature is near said constrained axis; and a front portion defining the leading edge, the under surface of the front portion being substantially flat and extending at a tangent to the rear portion.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the axis at which the unconstrained pivotal connection is attached lies at the end of at least one lever arm extending from the float.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the leading edge of the float comprises a plate attached to the float forming an extension of the underside thereof so increasing the area which is exposed to a said oncoming wave.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the float is sub-divided into a number of compartments which can be flooded with water so as to vary the oscillating characteristics and/or the attitude of the float to match wave conditions.
10. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim which is moumteel on a structure attached to the sea bed, the structure including pairs of spaced parallel upright guides for guiding the constrained connection.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the energy extracting means can be used to position the float with respect thereto to inhibit its movement.
12. Apparatus for extracting energy from a body of water subject to wave and/ or tidal motion, substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figure 3, of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB48510/76A GB1560499A (en) | 1976-11-20 | 1976-11-20 | Apparatus for extracting energy from waves |
| FR7735295A FR2378958A1 (en) | 1976-11-20 | 1977-11-18 | Power generator utilising waves and tides - has asymmetric float guided vertically in frame and rocking about its axis to drive piston pump which delivers water to accumulator |
| JP13940477A JPS5367042A (en) | 1976-11-20 | 1977-11-19 | Hydraulic power energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB48510/76A GB1560499A (en) | 1976-11-20 | 1976-11-20 | Apparatus for extracting energy from waves |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1560499A true GB1560499A (en) | 1980-02-06 |
Family
ID=10448884
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB48510/76A Expired GB1560499A (en) | 1976-11-20 | 1976-11-20 | Apparatus for extracting energy from waves |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1560499A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210667A (en) * | 1987-10-08 | 1989-06-14 | William Mcmonagle | Wave power generator |
| DE3812828A1 (en) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-10-26 | Rolf Dr Brueck | Apparatus for utilising the kinetic energy of sea waves |
| GB2388631A (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2003-11-19 | James Summersell | Generating electricity from changes in the vertical level of a body of water |
| NO20091903A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-05-10 | Solinova As | Maintenance-friendly wave power plant |
| GB2486279A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-13 | Trident Energy Ltd | Wave energy converter with generation and damping modes |
| WO2013006136A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-10 | Teng Choy Lam | Fluid pumping apparatuses powered by waves or flowing currents |
| CN105545575A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2016-05-04 | 董永明 | Intelligent wave power generation device |
| CN106014844A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 北京高净新能源技术有限公司 | Wave energy power generation device |
| CN106014843A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 高先乐 | Wave energy power generation device |
| WO2019064080A3 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-05-09 | Kumwenda Misheck Harris | Method and apparatus of extracting energy from water waves to generate electric power |
-
1976
- 1976-11-20 GB GB48510/76A patent/GB1560499A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210667B (en) * | 1987-10-08 | 1992-04-22 | William Mcmonagle | Device for extracting energy from movements in a body of water. |
| GB2210667A (en) * | 1987-10-08 | 1989-06-14 | William Mcmonagle | Wave power generator |
| DE3812828A1 (en) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-10-26 | Rolf Dr Brueck | Apparatus for utilising the kinetic energy of sea waves |
| GB2388631A (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2003-11-19 | James Summersell | Generating electricity from changes in the vertical level of a body of water |
| GB2388631B (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2004-05-05 | James Summersell | Method and apparatus for generating electricity |
| NO20091903A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-05-10 | Solinova As | Maintenance-friendly wave power plant |
| GB2486279B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-11-06 | Trident Energy Ltd | Wave energy converter |
| GB2486279A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-13 | Trident Energy Ltd | Wave energy converter with generation and damping modes |
| WO2012076851A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Trident Energy Limited | Wave energy converter |
| WO2013006136A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-10 | Teng Choy Lam | Fluid pumping apparatuses powered by waves or flowing currents |
| CN105545575A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2016-05-04 | 董永明 | Intelligent wave power generation device |
| CN105545575B (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-07-27 | 董永明 | Intelligent wave-power device |
| CN106014844A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 北京高净新能源技术有限公司 | Wave energy power generation device |
| CN106014843A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 高先乐 | Wave energy power generation device |
| CN106014844B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-03-19 | 北京高净新能源技术有限公司 | Wave energy generating set |
| WO2019064080A3 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-05-09 | Kumwenda Misheck Harris | Method and apparatus of extracting energy from water waves to generate electric power |
| US11448181B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-09-20 | Misheck Harris Kumwenda | Method and apparatus of extracting energy from water waves to generate electric power |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |