GB1559323A - Application of a fluid-impermeable lining of synthetic material to the internal surface of a passage - Google Patents

Application of a fluid-impermeable lining of synthetic material to the internal surface of a passage Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1559323A
GB1559323A GB619376A GB619376A GB1559323A GB 1559323 A GB1559323 A GB 1559323A GB 619376 A GB619376 A GB 619376A GB 619376 A GB619376 A GB 619376A GB 1559323 A GB1559323 A GB 1559323A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sleeve
passage
internal surface
sewer
flexible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB619376A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balfour Beatty Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Balfour Beatty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Balfour Beatty Ltd filed Critical Balfour Beatty Ltd
Priority to GB619376A priority Critical patent/GB1559323A/en
Publication of GB1559323A publication Critical patent/GB1559323A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/165—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section
    • F16L55/1651—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section the flexible liner being everted
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/381—Setting apparatus or devices

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE APPLICATION OF A FLUID-IMPERMEABLE LINING OF SYNTHETIC MATERIAL TO THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF A PASSAGE (71) We, BALFOUR BEATTY LIMITED, a British Company formerly of Randolph House, Wellesley Road, Croydon, CR9 3QD and now of 7 Mayday Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey, CR4 7XA, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a method of applying a fluid-impermeable lining to the internal surface of a passage in an artificial or natural structure, for example, tunnels, sewers, cable ducts and other passageways. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method of lining the internal surface of a passage, which method can be employed to line both passages that are substantially straight and passages that are curved in one or more than one plane.
According to the invention the method comprises sealing to one end of the passage one end of a flexible fluid-impermeable sleeve whose internal surface carries a coating of adhesive material in a liquid or semiliquid state and which is of a size suitable for forming a lining of the passage; establishing a difference in fluid pressure across the sleeve at said end of the passage; and drawing the flexible sleeve into the passage in such a way that the sleeve is turned inside out as it travels along the passage and the adhesivecoated surface of the sleeve is urged against and caused to adhere to the internal surface of the passage throughout its length.
The adhesive material is preferably a hardenable adhesive material and, after the flexible sleeve has been urged against the internal surface of the passage, the hardenable adhesive material is permitted or caused to set.
Preferably, the ends of the flexible sleeve are trimmed and the trimmed ends of the sleeve are sealed to the ends of the passage.
The pressure differential across the flexible sleeve at the end of the passage to which the leading end of the sleeve is sealed is preferably established by evacuating air and any other fluid from the passage through an outlet at the other end of the passage, thereby reducing the risk that pockets of air will remain in cracks or other voids in the internal surface of the passage after the passage has been lined with the flexible sleeve. Preferably, a substantial vacuum is maintained in the passage until the hardenable material has substantially set.
The internal surface of the flexible sleeve may be pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material by any convenient method but it is preferred to seal one end of the sleeve and to attach to said sealed end a rope or other flexible elongate member of a length greater than that of the passage to be treated, to anchor the free end of the rope to the barrel of a drum and to wind the rope on to the drum barrel, to introduce a quantity of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state into the open end of the sleeve and to allow it to flow along the sleeve to the sealed end, and to wind the sleeve under tension on to the drum to cause adhesive material to travel along and thoroughly coat the internal surface of the sleeve. Additional liquefied adhesive material may be introduced into the sleeve during the winding operation, as and when required.
In some circumstances it may be desirable to provide the internal surface of a passage with a laminated lining comprising at least two layers of fluid-impermeable material.
Each of said layers may be applied by applying a flexible sleeve to the internal surface of the passage by the method as hereinbefore described but preferably the laminated lining is applied in a single operation by employing at least two flexible sleeves one within the other or another, the internal surface of each sleeve having been pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material, preferably in the manner hereinbefore described.
Where the internal surface of the passage has deep cracks or other voids it is preferable to apply to the surface a greater volume of liquefied adhesive material than is otherwise normally required and in such circumstances the flexible sleeve, or that one of the flexible sleeves adjacent the internal surface of the passage, may have an inner lining of liquid absorbent material, such as a layer of cellular plastics material or coarse nylon mesh, which absorbs a substantial volume of liquefied adhesive material when the internal surface of the sleeve is pre-coated with adhesive material and which, when the sleeve is introduced into the passage and turned inside out, bears directly against the internal surface of the passage so that adhesive material will be squeezed from the absorbent material into cracks and other voids in the internal surface of the passage.
In some circumstances, such as when the passage whose internal surface is to be lined is a sewer which has a leaky wall and which lies below the surrounding water table, it is desirable that the flexible sleeve is urged against the internal surface of the passage at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. In this case, the end of the passage to which is sealed the leading end of the flexible sleeve or the assembly of flexible sleeves, is sealed in such a way as to permit the sleeve or sleeves to pass into the passage in a fluidtight manner and fluid under superatmospheric pressure is introduced into the passage at said sealed end as, or shortly after, the sleeve or assembly of sleeves is drawn into the passage.
Where the passage has a large bore and/or is of great length and the time taken to introduce the flexible sleeve may be greater than the gel time of hardenable adhesive material, a coating of liquefied resin may be applied to the internal surface of the passage before the passage is evacuated or a differential pressure is otherwise established across the flexible sleeve and the coating of adhesive on the internal surface of the sleeve may be liquefied hardener for this resin, the resin and hardener not coming into contact with one another until the sleeve is introduced into the passage.
The flexible sleeve or sleeves may be of any suitable fluid impermeable material, polyvinyl chloride or other suitable plastics material currently being preferred. The thickness of the or each sleeve will depend on the size of the bore of the passage and the tensile load that will be applied to the sleeve to draw it into the passage. The adhesive material is preferably a synthetic adhesive resin, an epoxy resin at present being preferred.
The invention will be further illustrated by a description, by way of example, of the preferred method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining of a flexible anticorrosive acid-resistant sleeve of polyvinyl chloride to the internal surface of the wall of a sewer, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a representation of the method, and Figure 2 is a fragmental side view of the inlet end of the sewer for a modification of the method shown in Figure 1.
Referring to Figure 1, the internal surface of a flexible sleeve 1 of polyvinyl chloride, having a circumference approximating to the internal circumference of a sewer S that is to be lined, is pre-coated with epoxy resin in a liquid state by sealing the sleeve at a position approximately two metres from one of its two ends and attaching to this sealed end of the sleeve a rope of a length greater than that sealed end of the sleeve a rope of a length greater than that of the sewer. The free end of the rope is anchored to the barrel of a drum 2 and the rope is wound on to the drum.
A quantity of liquefied epoxy resin is then introduced into the open end of the sleeve 1 and is allowed to run down the sleeve to the sealed end where it collects. The sleeve 1 is now wound on to the barrel of the drum 2 under tension causing liquefied resin to flow along the sleeve and thoroughly coat the internal surface of the sleeve. Preferably, the barrel of the drum 2 has on its circumferential surface a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs which extend along the length of the sleeve as it is wound around the drum under tension. Additional liquefied resin may be introduced into the sleeve 1 as and when required as the sleeve is being wound on to the drum 2 until the internal surface of the sleeve is pre-coated with resin throughout the length of the sleeve.
The free end of the sleeve 1 is now unwound from the drum 2, is passed down a manhole MI and around a guide roller 3, and is sealed to the end of the sewer S opening into the manhole. The barrel of the guide roller 3 has on its peripheral surface a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs which extend along the length of the barrel and serve to ensure that resin is not squeezed towards the trailing end of the sleeve when the sleeve is drawn around the guide roller under tension. An air-tight cap 4 having an outlet 5 is sealed to the other end of the sewer S opening into a manhole Mo, the outlet being connected by a pipe 6 extending up the manhole to a vacuum pump 7. With a brake applied to the drum 2 to prevent unwinding of the sleeve 1, the vacuum pump 7 is brought into operation and air and other fluid is drawn out of the sewer S. When the sewer S has been substantially evacuated, the brake on the drum 2 is released and the sleeve 1 is drawn smoothly under atmospheric pressure into the sewer, the sleeve being turned inside out as it travels along the sewer and the pre-coated internal surface of the sleeve being urged under atmospheric pressure against and adhering to the internal surface of the wall of the sewer. When the sleeve 1 has been drawn into the sewer so that is lines the sewer wall throughout its length, a second vacuum extractor (not shown) connected to a lower part of the cap 4 is brought into operation to draw off surplus resin that will have accumulated at that end of the sewer S. The vacuum in the sewer S is maintained until the resin has set. The vacuum pump 7 is then switched off, the cap 4 is removed and the ends of the sleeve are trimmed and sealed to the ends of the sewer.
In a modification of the aforesaid method which is suitable for use when the sewer is located below the surrounding water table, as will be seen on referring to Figure 2, after the leading end of the sleeve 1 is sealed to the end of the sewer S, this end of the sewer S is sealed by a sealing cap 8 having a slot 9 which is closed by a pair of flexible rubber flanges 10 and through which the sleeve can pass into the sewer in substantially fluid-tight engagement with the flanges. The sealing cap 8 also has a pressure inlet 11. In this case, after the sewer S has been evacuated and as the sleeve 1 is drawn into the evacuated sewer S, air or other fluid under pressure is injected into the inlet 11 to assist in urging the resin-coated plastics sleeve against the internal surface of the wall of the sewer.
The method of the present invention has the important advantage that it provides a simple and inexpensive method of lining the internal surfaces of sewers, underground ducts and other tubes which may be inaccessible and which may be either straight or curved in one or more than one plane.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining to the internal surface of a passage in an artificial or natural structure, which method comprises sealing to one end of the passage one end of an unsupported flexible fluid-impermeable sleeve whose internal surface carries a coating of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state and which is of a size suitable for forming a lining of the passage; establishing a difference in fluid pressure across the sleeve at said end of the passage; and drawing the unsupported flexible sleeve into the passage under said fluid pressure differential in such a way that the sleeve is turned inside out as it travels along the passage and the adhesive-coated surface of the sleeve is urged by said fluid pressure differential against and caused to adhere to the internal surface of the passage throughout its length.
2. A method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining to the internal surface of a passage in an artificial or natural structure, which method comprises sealing to one end of the passage one end of an unsupported flexible fluid-impermeable sleeve whose internal surface carries a coating of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state and which is of a size suitable for forming a lining of the passage; establishing a difference in fluid pressure across the sleeve at said end of the passage by evacuating air and any other fluid from the passage through an outlet at the other end of the passage; and drawing the unsupported flexible sleeve into the passage under said fluid pressure differential in such a way that the sleeve is turned inside out as it travels along the passage and the adhesivecoated surface of the sleeve is urged by said fluid pressure differential against and caused to adhere to the internal surface of the passage throughout its length.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive material is a hardenable adhesive material and, after the adhesive-coated surface of the flexible sleeve has been urged against the internal surface of the passage, the hardenable adhesive material is permitted or caused to set.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the adhesive material is a synthetic adhesive resin.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the internal surface of the flexible sleeve is pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material by sealing one end of the sleeve and attaching to said sealed end a rope or other flexible elongate member of a length greater than that of the tube to be treated, anchoring the free end of the rope to the barrel of a drum and winding the rope on to the drum barrel, introducing a quantity of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state into the open end of the sleeve and allowing it to flow along the sleeve to the sealed end, and winding the sleeve under tension on to the drum to cause adhesive material to travel along and thoroughly coat the internal surface of the sleeve.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 5, where additional liquefied adhesive material is introduced into the sleeve during the winding operation, as and when required.
7. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims in which the internal surface of the passage is to be line with a laminated lining comprising at least two layers of fluid-impermeable material, wherein the laminated lining is applied in a single operation by employing at least two flexible sleeves one within the other or another, the internal surface of each sleeve having been pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material.
8. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein a laminated lining
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (15)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. brake on the drum 2 is released and the sleeve 1 is drawn smoothly under atmospheric pressure into the sewer, the sleeve being turned inside out as it travels along the sewer and the pre-coated internal surface of the sleeve being urged under atmospheric pressure against and adhering to the internal surface of the wall of the sewer. When the sleeve 1 has been drawn into the sewer so that is lines the sewer wall throughout its length, a second vacuum extractor (not shown) connected to a lower part of the cap 4 is brought into operation to draw off surplus resin that will have accumulated at that end of the sewer S. The vacuum in the sewer S is maintained until the resin has set. The vacuum pump 7 is then switched off, the cap 4 is removed and the ends of the sleeve are trimmed and sealed to the ends of the sewer. In a modification of the aforesaid method which is suitable for use when the sewer is located below the surrounding water table, as will be seen on referring to Figure 2, after the leading end of the sleeve 1 is sealed to the end of the sewer S, this end of the sewer S is sealed by a sealing cap 8 having a slot 9 which is closed by a pair of flexible rubber flanges 10 and through which the sleeve can pass into the sewer in substantially fluid-tight engagement with the flanges. The sealing cap 8 also has a pressure inlet 11. In this case, after the sewer S has been evacuated and as the sleeve 1 is drawn into the evacuated sewer S, air or other fluid under pressure is injected into the inlet 11 to assist in urging the resin-coated plastics sleeve against the internal surface of the wall of the sewer. The method of the present invention has the important advantage that it provides a simple and inexpensive method of lining the internal surfaces of sewers, underground ducts and other tubes which may be inaccessible and which may be either straight or curved in one or more than one plane. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining to the internal surface of a passage in an artificial or natural structure, which method comprises sealing to one end of the passage one end of an unsupported flexible fluid-impermeable sleeve whose internal surface carries a coating of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state and which is of a size suitable for forming a lining of the passage; establishing a difference in fluid pressure across the sleeve at said end of the passage; and drawing the unsupported flexible sleeve into the passage under said fluid pressure differential in such a way that the sleeve is turned inside out as it travels along the passage and the adhesive-coated surface of the sleeve is urged by said fluid pressure differential against and caused to adhere to the internal surface of the passage throughout its length.
2. A method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining to the internal surface of a passage in an artificial or natural structure, which method comprises sealing to one end of the passage one end of an unsupported flexible fluid-impermeable sleeve whose internal surface carries a coating of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state and which is of a size suitable for forming a lining of the passage; establishing a difference in fluid pressure across the sleeve at said end of the passage by evacuating air and any other fluid from the passage through an outlet at the other end of the passage; and drawing the unsupported flexible sleeve into the passage under said fluid pressure differential in such a way that the sleeve is turned inside out as it travels along the passage and the adhesivecoated surface of the sleeve is urged by said fluid pressure differential against and caused to adhere to the internal surface of the passage throughout its length.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive material is a hardenable adhesive material and, after the adhesive-coated surface of the flexible sleeve has been urged against the internal surface of the passage, the hardenable adhesive material is permitted or caused to set.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the adhesive material is a synthetic adhesive resin.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the internal surface of the flexible sleeve is pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material by sealing one end of the sleeve and attaching to said sealed end a rope or other flexible elongate member of a length greater than that of the tube to be treated, anchoring the free end of the rope to the barrel of a drum and winding the rope on to the drum barrel, introducing a quantity of adhesive material in a liquid or semi-liquid state into the open end of the sleeve and allowing it to flow along the sleeve to the sealed end, and winding the sleeve under tension on to the drum to cause adhesive material to travel along and thoroughly coat the internal surface of the sleeve.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 5, where additional liquefied adhesive material is introduced into the sleeve during the winding operation, as and when required.
7. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims in which the internal surface of the passage is to be line with a laminated lining comprising at least two layers of fluid-impermeable material, wherein the laminated lining is applied in a single operation by employing at least two flexible sleeves one within the other or another, the internal surface of each sleeve having been pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material.
8. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein a laminated lining
comprising at least two layers of fluidimpermeable material is formed on the internal surface of the passage by applying flexible sleeves, each pre-coated with liquefied adhesive material, successively to the internal surface of the tube.
9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the flexible sleeve, or that of the flexible sleeves adjacent the internal surface of the passage, has an inner lining of liquid absorbent material which absorbs a substantial volume of liquefied adhesive material when the internal surface of the sleeve is pre-coated with adhesive material and which, when the sleeve is introduced into the passage and turned inside out, bears directly against the internal surface of the passage so that adhesive material will be squeezed from the absorbent material into cracks and other voids in the internal surface of the passage.
10. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein he end of the passage to which is sealed the leading end of the flexible sleeve or assembly of flexible sleeves, is sealed in such a wa- as to permit the sleeve or sleeves to pass into the passage in a fluid-tight manner and fluid under super-atmospheric pressure is introduced into the passage at said sealed end as, or shortly after, the sleeve or assembly of sleeves is drawn into the passage.
11. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein a coating of liquefied resin is applied to the internal surface of the passage before the passage is evacuated or a differential pressure is otherwise established across the flexible sleeve and the coating of adhesive on the internal surface of the sleeve is a liquefied hardener for this resin, the resin and hardener not coming into contact with one another until the sleeve is introduced into the passage.
12. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the ends of the flexible sleeve, or the assembly of flexible sleeves, are trimmed and the trimmed ends of the sleeve or assembly are sealed to the ends of the passage.
13. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the flexible sleeve, or at least one of the assembly of flexible sleeves, is of plastics material.
14. A method of applying a fluidimpermeable lining to the internal surface of the wall of a sewer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference io the accompanying drawings.
15. A passage having on its internal surface a fluid-impermeable lining which has been applied by the method claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
GB619376A 1977-02-17 1977-02-17 Application of a fluid-impermeable lining of synthetic material to the internal surface of a passage Expired GB1559323A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB619376A GB1559323A (en) 1977-02-17 1977-02-17 Application of a fluid-impermeable lining of synthetic material to the internal surface of a passage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB619376A GB1559323A (en) 1977-02-17 1977-02-17 Application of a fluid-impermeable lining of synthetic material to the internal surface of a passage

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GB1559323A true GB1559323A (en) 1980-01-16

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596320A1 (en) * 1986-02-20 1987-10-02 Trest Juzhvodoprovod METHOD FOR FORMING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON THE INNER SURFACE OF A CONDUCT, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID PROCESSING AND CONDUCT PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHOD
EP0241719A1 (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-10-21 Insituform Group Limited Improvements relating to lining of pipelines in passageways
EP0493862A1 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-07-08 Siegfried Schwert Method and device for the restoration of pipe-lines
EP0518521A2 (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-16 GET Inc. A liner assembly for lining branch pipes and a method for manufacturing the liner assembly
CN113530564A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-22 四川农业大学 Design method and system for high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596320A1 (en) * 1986-02-20 1987-10-02 Trest Juzhvodoprovod METHOD FOR FORMING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON THE INNER SURFACE OF A CONDUCT, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID PROCESSING AND CONDUCT PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHOD
EP0241719A1 (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-10-21 Insituform Group Limited Improvements relating to lining of pipelines in passageways
EP0493862A1 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-07-08 Siegfried Schwert Method and device for the restoration of pipe-lines
EP0518521A2 (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-16 GET Inc. A liner assembly for lining branch pipes and a method for manufacturing the liner assembly
EP0518521A3 (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-08-04 Get Inc. A liner assembly for lining branch pipes and a method for manufacturing the liner assembly
CN113530564A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-22 四川农业大学 Design method and system for high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station
CN113530564B (en) * 2021-07-21 2023-03-31 四川农业大学 Design method and system for high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station

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