GB1558977A - Solar energy receiving apparatus - Google Patents
Solar energy receiving apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1558977A GB1558977A GB41308/76A GB4130876A GB1558977A GB 1558977 A GB1558977 A GB 1558977A GB 41308/76 A GB41308/76 A GB 41308/76A GB 4130876 A GB4130876 A GB 4130876A GB 1558977 A GB1558977 A GB 1558977A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- solar energy
- tubes
- solar radiation
- solar
- inner tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Description
(54) SOLAR ENERGY RECEIVING APPARATUS
(71) We, NIGEL GEOFFREY ALAN
COBHAM, a British Subject of Chilverbridge House, Arlington, Polegate, Sussex, formerly of 17, Elmwood, Arundel Road,
Eastbourne, Sussex and DAVID PETER
WALKER, a British Subject of 121 Milton
Road, Eastbourne, Sussex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it Is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to apparatus for receiving solar energy and converting it into useful heat. In particular the invention relates to a solar radiation receiving element intended to form at least part of such apparatus.
Thus in accordance with the invention in its widest aspect a solar radiation receiving element comprises a pair of radiationtransmittent tubes disposed eccentrically one within the other and separated by an annular evacuated space, a radiation reflective surface for reflecting through the inner one of the tubes radiation which has been transmitted through the outer one of the tubes, the space within the inner tube containing a solar energy absorbent element and serving for the admittance and discharge of a fluid to be heated. This space may contain a central tube ortubeswithintheinnertube.
The inner and outer tubes will normally be cylindrical and made wholly or in part of glass or other suitable transparent or translucent material. For higher efficiencies the or each central tube may be coated with a composition having a low thermal emissivity and a high absorptivity (Selective Coating). The composition may consist of a highly polished metal base electroplated firstly with bright nickel and then black chrome plated to a thickness of the order of the wavelength of theincomingshortwave solarradiation.
The diameter of a cylindrical outer tube will normally be about twice that of the inner tube.
The reflective surface may be provided as a layer or strip on the inside or outside of the outer tube and may be of semi-cylindrical shape. Alternatively, or in addition a reflective surface of channel shape cross-section may be provided separately in the annular spacebetweentheinnerandoutertubes.
A suitable reflective surface may be of aluminium or silver. The inner tube may be coated with a heat reflecting layer such as tin oxide which reflects the majority of all long wave radiation from approximately 2/U into the remote infra red part of the solar spectrum. An alternative coating could be doped indium oxide.
The inner tube may have a separate or combined inlet and outlet for a solar energy absorber such as a central tube or tubes of copper, silver or other high thermal conductivity metal through which the fluid can flow.
Alternatively the inner tube may contain a heat pipe - that is to say a sealed low pressure boiling and condensing system, utilising capillary action for condensate return to the evaporator section. In such a system thermal energy is transported by means of the latent heatofvaporisationoftheworkingfluid.
Solar radiation elements as aforesaid may be of any suitable length or configuration and may be arranged side-by-side as a parallel or series-connected set through which fluid to be heated is caused to flow by convection, gravityorbypumppressure.
Various currently preferred embodiments of the invention are hereinafter described by way of example with reference to the diagrammatic drawings which accompanied our ProvisionalSpecification,inwhich:- Figure 1 is a Cross-section equivalent to line B-B of Figure 2 of a typical solar radiationreceivingelement;
Figure 2 is a section on line C-C of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a section on line D-D of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a section similar to that of Figure 1 ,showinganalternativeembodiment;
Figure 5 is a plan view of a solar radiation receiving apparatus comprising a plurality of series-connectedelementsasaforesaid; and
Figure 6 is a section on line A-A of Figure 5.
Referring firstly to Figures 1 to 3, the solar radiation receiving element therein shown comprises an outer tube 2 made of glass and - an inner tube 1 also made of glass. The diameter of the outer tube 2 is about twice the diameter of the inner tube 1 and the axis of the latter is offset from that of the former so that the tubes are eccentrically disposed relative to each other. The varying radius space 3 between the tubes 1 and 2 is evacuated. The inner tube 1 contains a solar energy absorbent element such as a - selectively coated and thermally conductive tube 11 or assembly of tubes (not shown) which act as a flow passage for the fluid, such as water, which istobe heated.
Referring to Figure 1, the part 5 of the outer tube 2 which is intended to face the sun consititutes a semi-cylindrical window whilst the whole surface of the inner tube 1 constitutes a cylindrical window. The semicylindrical surface of the outer tube nearest the inner tube is provided with a reflective surface6 constitutedbyacoatingofsilver.
It can readily be appreciated that on exposure of the element to the sun, solar radiation enters the element throught the outer window 5. Some of this energy passes directly through the inner tube 1 whilst a high proportion of the remainder passes indirectly therein after reflectance from the surface 6.
Loss of energy by conduction and convection is minimised by the existence of the vacuum in the annular space 3 between the tubes 1 and 2 and further loss of energy by re radiationisreducedbythe selectivecoating.
Referring now to Figure 4 there is shown a somewhat more elaborate element in which there is provided a second reflective surface on the inward surface of a concave reflector member 7 of channel shaped cross-section.
In this embodiment the reflective surface 6 reduces heat losses due to re-radiation from thereflectormember7 .
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, there is shown an assembly of solar energy receiving elements as above described laid side-by-side in a bed 8 of thermal insulating material which is overlaid with a transparent cover plate 9 which faces the direction of solar radiation. The central tubes 11 of the individual elements are series-connected in serpentine fashion by curved pipes the endmost tubes 1 having, as shown in Figure 5, a fluid flow inlet pipe 10 and a fluid flow outlet pipe
12respectivelyconnectedthereto.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A solar radiation receiving element comprising a pair of radiation-transmittent tubes disposed eccentrically one within the other and separated by an annular evacuated space, a radiation reflective surface for reflecting, through the inner one of the tubes, radiation which has been transmitted through the outer one of the tubes, the space within the inner tube containing a solar energy absorbent element and serving for the admittance and discharge of a fluid to be heated.
2. A solar radiation receiving element according to Claim 1 in which the space within the inner tube contains a central tube or tubes coated with a composition having a low thermal emissivity and a high thermal absorbtivity.
3. A solar radiation receiving element according to Claim 1 in which the space withintheinnertubecontainsaheatpipe.
4. A solar radiation receiving element according to Claim 2 in which the said composition is a highly polished metal base electroplated firstly with bright nickel and then blackchromeplated.
5. A solar radiation receiving element according to any of Claims 1 to 4 in which the radiation reflective surface is a layer or strip ofsemi-cylindricalshape.
6. A solar radiation receiving element according to any of claims 1 to 4 in which the radiation reflective surface is a channel section strip located separately in the annular spacebetweentheinnerandoutertubes.
7. A solar radiation receiving element according to any of claims 1 to 6 in which the inner tube is coated with a heat reflecting layer.
8. A solar radiation receiving element according to Claim 7 in which the heat reflecting layer is tin oxide or doped indium oxide.
9. Solar energy receiving apparatus comprising a plurality of solar radiation receiving elements according to any of
Claims (1)
- Claims 1 to8.10. A solar radiation receiving element substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3, or Fig. 4, of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.11. Solar energy receiving apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, Figs. 5 and 6 in conjunction with Figs. 1 to 3, or Figure 4, of the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB41308/76A GB1558977A (en) | 1977-10-28 | 1977-10-28 | Solar energy receiving apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB41308/76A GB1558977A (en) | 1977-10-28 | 1977-10-28 | Solar energy receiving apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1558977A true GB1558977A (en) | 1980-01-09 |
Family
ID=10419100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB41308/76A Expired GB1558977A (en) | 1977-10-28 | 1977-10-28 | Solar energy receiving apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1558977A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2147408A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-05-09 | Dimos Maglaras | Solar water heater |
| EP3052868A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-10 | IM, Do Sun | Solar energy collector and system for using same |
-
1977
- 1977-10-28 GB GB41308/76A patent/GB1558977A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2147408A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-05-09 | Dimos Maglaras | Solar water heater |
| EP3052868A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-10 | IM, Do Sun | Solar energy collector and system for using same |
| EP3052868A4 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-03-29 | IM, Do Sun | Solar energy collector and system for using same |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |