GB1356151A - Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures - Google Patents

Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures

Info

Publication number
GB1356151A
GB1356151A GB1505471*[A GB1505471A GB1356151A GB 1356151 A GB1356151 A GB 1356151A GB 1505471 A GB1505471 A GB 1505471A GB 1356151 A GB1356151 A GB 1356151A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
reactor
tubes
catalyst
nitrogen
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1505471*[A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Combinatul Chimic Fagaras
Original Assignee
Combinatul Chimic Fagaras
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE2166659A priority Critical patent/DE2166659C3/en
Priority to DE19712123650 priority patent/DE2123650B2/en
Application filed by Combinatul Chimic Fagaras filed Critical Combinatul Chimic Fagaras
Priority to GB1505471*[A priority patent/GB1356151A/en
Priority to FR7120333A priority patent/FR2141488B1/fr
Priority to DE2264361A priority patent/DE2264361B2/en
Priority to FR7301457A priority patent/FR2213907A2/en
Priority to GB230473A priority patent/GB1425271A/en
Publication of GB1356151A publication Critical patent/GB1356151A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0005—Catalytic processes under superatmospheric pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0426—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B01J8/043—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other in combination with one cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0476—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/048—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00123—Fingers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
    • B01J2208/021—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
    • B01J2208/021—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel
    • B01J2208/022—Plate-type reactors filled with granular catalyst
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

1356151 Ammonia synthesis COMBINATUL CHIMIC FAGARAS 14 May 1971 15054/71 Heading C1A [Also in Division B1] In a catalytic ammonia synthesis pressure reactor, Fig. 1, nitrogen/hydrogen mixture is led in through the top of the reactor, passes down the outer annular space a, then passes up through the intertubular space of heat exchanger 5 which contains a metal ball packing 6 to chamber c, then up tubes 9 which have walls of upwardly tapering thickness, and down heat conducting tubes 8, up tube 13 to pass radially through catalyst 12 where heat is dissipated, through mixing chamber 16 where a whirling motion is created by blades 17, Fig. 2, thence down through catalyst bed 11 where further heat is dissipated, through ball filter layer 22, down through the tubes in heat exchanger 5 which contain a metal ball; and hence out at the bottom of the reactor. Tubes 9 are insulated at their lower ends by gas cushions formed in hollows e, Fig. 9. Packing 6 may be fluidized for cleaning and its upper part may be catalytic. The reactor of Fig. 1 is intended for a hydrogen/ nitrogen feed of less than 20% inerts. In a reactor for synthesizing a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture with more than 20% inerts, Fig. 3 (not shown), catalyst 12 is in the form of an upward continuation of catalyst 11.
GB1505471*[A 1971-05-12 1971-05-14 Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures Expired GB1356151A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2166659A DE2166659C3 (en) 1971-05-12 1971-05-12 Reactor for exothermic catalytic processes
DE19712123650 DE2123650B2 (en) 1971-05-14 1971-05-12 REACTOR FOR EXOTHERMAL CATALYTIC PROCESSES
GB1505471*[A GB1356151A (en) 1971-05-14 1971-05-14 Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures
FR7120333A FR2141488B1 (en) 1971-05-14 1971-06-04
DE2264361A DE2264361B2 (en) 1971-05-14 1972-12-28 Reactor for exothermic catalytic processes at high pressures and temperatures such as ammonia or methanol synthesis
FR7301457A FR2213907A2 (en) 1971-05-14 1973-01-16 Ammonia synthesis reactor - with simplified construction, extended operating life and lower power consumption
GB230473A GB1425271A (en) 1971-05-14 1973-01-16 Reactor for catalytic ammonia synthesis at high temperatures and pressures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1505471*[A GB1356151A (en) 1971-05-14 1971-05-14 Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1356151A true GB1356151A (en) 1974-06-12

Family

ID=10052231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1505471*[A Expired GB1356151A (en) 1971-05-12 1971-05-14 Reactor for the catalytic synthesis of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE2123650B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2141488B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1356151A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1080778A1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-07 Ammonia Casale S.A. Method for modernization of a heterogeneous synthesis reactor
EP1600209A1 (en) * 2004-05-29 2005-11-30 Haldor Topsoe A/S Heat exchange process and reactor
US8101142B2 (en) * 2001-05-30 2012-01-24 Davy Process Technology Limited Process and plant
CN115282881A (en) * 2017-11-25 2022-11-04 星火能源公司 Chemical reactor with integrated heat exchanger

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1080778A1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-07 Ammonia Casale S.A. Method for modernization of a heterogeneous synthesis reactor
US8101142B2 (en) * 2001-05-30 2012-01-24 Davy Process Technology Limited Process and plant
EP1262228B1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2019-03-20 Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Limited Process and plant for the production of methanol
EP1600209A1 (en) * 2004-05-29 2005-11-30 Haldor Topsoe A/S Heat exchange process and reactor
US7780926B2 (en) 2004-05-29 2010-08-24 Haldor Topsøe A/S Heat exchange process and reactor
CN115282881A (en) * 2017-11-25 2022-11-04 星火能源公司 Chemical reactor with integrated heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2141488A1 (en) 1973-01-26
DE2123650B2 (en) 1976-01-29
DE2123650A1 (en) 1972-11-30
FR2141488B1 (en) 1974-10-18

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee