GB1332178A - System for the display of synthesized graphic symbols - Google Patents
System for the display of synthesized graphic symbolsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1332178A GB1332178A GB4443870A GB4443870A GB1332178A GB 1332178 A GB1332178 A GB 1332178A GB 4443870 A GB4443870 A GB 4443870A GB 4443870 A GB4443870 A GB 4443870A GB 1332178 A GB1332178 A GB 1332178A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- register
- registers
- group
- voltages
- switches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0489—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using dedicated keyboard keys or combinations thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
- G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
- G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
- G06G7/26—Arbitrary function generators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
- G09G1/06—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows
- G09G1/08—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam directly tracing characters, the information to be displayed controlling the deflection and the intensity as a function of time in two spatial co-ordinates, e.g. according to a cartesian co-ordinate system
- G09G1/12—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam directly tracing characters, the information to be displayed controlling the deflection and the intensity as a function of time in two spatial co-ordinates, e.g. according to a cartesian co-ordinate system the deflection signals being produced by essentially analogue means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/22—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type
Abstract
1332178 Cathode-ray tube displays THOMSON-CSF VISUALISATION ET TRAITEMENT DES INFORMATIONS 17 Sept 1970 [19 Sept 1969 (2)] 44438/70 Heading H4T [Also in Division G4] A system for presenting visual symbols on a cathode ray tube comprises a memory 4 for storing digitized instructions and a control unit 5 for distributing such instructions between analogue function-generating means 6 and function-modifying means 7 which supply scanning voltages to the CTR. A computer 3, Fig. 2, generates code words of the three-part form shown in Fig. 3, wherein E ijk is an identification part denoting the ith element of the jth group of the kth figure, N is a characterization part denoting a geometrical law, and LT is a modification part comprising commands determining size (L) and transformations (T). Instructions from memory 4 relating to groups and figures lack the portions N and L of the code since these are determined by the instructions relating to elements. Thus, memory 4 may contain in its register 10 a number of code words F k T fk indicating one or more transforms to which each figure of the display is to be subjected; a number of code words G jk T gjk indicating transforms to which groups of any figure F k are to be subjected; and a number of words of the Fig. 3 type relating to all the elements E i of each group G j of any figures F k . The memory 4 may e.g. just read out (when instructed by computer 3) the instructions F 1 T f1 relating to the first figure and these are distributed by a gating network to a set of "figure" registers T 1f ... T n f , the address of the figure (in this instance "1") being stored in address register AF. Register AF reports this address to register 10 while gating network 13 upon receiving a switching command from memory 4 energizes a lead Sa to cause a shift in register 10 which then changes from figure to group processing and issues instructions G 11 T g11 relating to the first group of the first figure. When buffer "group" registers T 1 G .. T n G are filled, the address of the group is entered in register AG and the register 10 shifted from group to element processing. Element instructions are gated by gating circuit 13 to "element" registers T 1 E ... T n E and also to registers N, L and AE. When these are full of information relating to the first element, this information is transferred to buffer registers (T 1 E)v ... (T n E) v , (N) v , (L)v and (AE)v to make room for information relating to the second element. The register (AE)v reports to the computer 3 the identity of the element being traced. Registers (N)v and (L)v control analogue function generator 6 and registers (T 1 E)v ... (T n E)v control transform generators 7E, signals from these causing the CTR to scan all the elements of the first group of the first figure. After synthesis of this group, the network 13 responds to another switch signal and instructs register 10 to shift to group selection, i.e. to the second group of the first figure, and so forth. The transform signals relating to groups and figures are fed to transform generators 7G, 7F in cascade with the element transform generators 7E. The address of any element is available to the computer 3 from registers AF, AG and (AE)v and an operator may identify a chosen element to the computer and modify its shape by feeding a new "N" value to the computer. The analogue function generator 6 may comprise a combination of known D/A converters and analogue function generators. Alternatively, as described (Fig. 4), the generator 6 consists of analogue means selectable by digital switching signals to generate any linear or second-degree function. It comprises identical X and Y signal channels which are fed by voltages v x , v y , being the analogue equivalents of the digital values transmitted from "size" register (L)v. The X channel includes an operational amplifier A x and two integrating amplifiers I 1x and I 2x , the output of the amplifier I 1x being connected by a multiplier M 1 and an inverter 27 to the input of the corresponding amplifier I 1y of the Y channel. Switches 21, 22 open and close periodically in response to clock pulses to allow for establishment of the selected starting conditions determined by voltages v x , v y at the beginning of each operational time slot. The rest of the switches are operated by digital "shape" signals from register (N)v, as exemplified below. Thus, if switches 25, 26 are changed over to cut out the first integrating stages I 1x , I 1y , the respective outputs X c and Y c of integrators I 2x and I 2y will be linear Functions of time. If switch 25 is changed over and switch 26 is left as shown, the voltage X c will be linear as before, and the voltage Y c will follow a square law as determined by the cascading of the two integrators I 1y and I 2y . The result is a parabolic trace. If the cross-connections are established by closure of switches 23, 24 and the other switches left as shown, a hyperbolic segment will be generated. For, assuming v ox (input of integrator I 1x ) is zero at t = 0, and inputs v ox , v ov satisfy v ox = A sinh zt; v oz = A cosh zt, then amplifier I 1x has an output v ix = A/z a cosh zt and amplifier I 1v an output v 1y = A/z α sinh zt where a is the gain of the amplifiers. If the feedback factor of the amplifiers is #, and the multiplication factors in the cross-connections K 1 and K 2 , the voltages at the inputs of the amplifiers may be expressed in two simultaneous equation which when solved for z yield: so that the system is in equilibrium if K 1 = K 2 = K and z = Kα/(1-α#). At t = 0 (when switches 21, 22 are closed) v ox must be zero if the sinh function is to develop in the x branch. If the signs of the cross-feed voltages are reversed, a segment of an ellipse will be generated. In order to make the peripheral tracing speed independent of radius, the amplitude A may be made inversely proportional to K, so that the input voltages are increased with decreasing multiplication factors. The final radius still depends on K since this is again introduced by the integrators I 2x , I 2y . The various multipliers used in the junction generator (Fig. 4) and elsewhere in the circuit are of the hybrid type, being, in effect, D/A converters of the kind using a resistance ladder network with shunt branches selectively connected, e.g. by FET switches, to a common input. An analogue multiplicand is applied to this input and the switches selected by binary logic circuits in accordance with a digital command signal representing the multiplier (Fig. 5, not shown). A feature of the multiplying circuit is the equality of all the shunt resistances (R), and of all the series resistances (R/2) of the ladder network. The transform generators 7E, 7F, 7G, for translation and rotation, each comprise a conventional arrangement of multipliers and adders for performing the operation defined by x<SP>1</SP> = x cos # - y sin #; y<SP>1</SP> = x sin 0 + y cos 0, the multipliers being of the hybrid kind, described above, to which digitally encoded signals sin 0, cos 0 are fed. Translation is effected by a third input to the adder circuits (Fig. 6, not shown). In order to explore in greater detail part of the trace 100, Fig. 7, on the CRT screen, a small area may be selected by depressing keys on keyboard 9 (Fig. 1) corresponding to voltages X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 , Y 2 . These (digital) voltages are fed to D/A converters 101, 102, 103, 104, Fig. 8, and the analogue values compared with the sweep voltages x c , y c , which determine the trace, in comparators 201, 202, 203, 204. Each comparator may signal up to two coincidences (corresponding e.g. to points P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 ) and these coincidence signals are used to control shift registers 301, 302, 303, 304 which yield up to eight marker pulse signals S. The registers are reset after each time slot. The computer 3, upon receipt of the marker pulses, ascertains from address registers (AE) v , AG, AF, the identity of the elements touching the chosen frame and instructs the memory 4 to suppress parts of the trace outside the frame. The chosen part of the trace may then be magnified &c. as desired. It is stated that, instead of a keyboard, the chosen area may be marked out with the aid of the photoelectric stylus described in Specification 1,202,270.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR6931945A FR2060240A1 (en) | 1969-09-19 | 1969-09-19 | |
FR6931946A FR2058645A5 (en) | 1969-09-19 | 1969-09-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1332178A true GB1332178A (en) | 1973-10-03 |
Family
ID=26215279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB4443870A Expired GB1332178A (en) | 1969-09-19 | 1970-09-17 | System for the display of synthesized graphic symbols |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3696391A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5036937B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1332178A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3944988A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1976-03-16 | Compagnie Internationale Pour L'informatique - C.I.I. | Image-display system interacting with light pen |
FR2189870B1 (en) * | 1972-06-23 | 1977-06-17 | Thomson Csf | |
US3789200A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-01-29 | Ibm | Circle or arc generator for graphic display |
US3952297A (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-04-20 | Raytheon Company | Constant writing rate digital stroke character generator having minimal data storage requirements |
US4160981A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-07-10 | Harris Corporation | CRT video text layout system having horizontal scrolling |
FR2448194A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Thomson Csf | RACE GENERATOR DEVICE FOR VIEWING SYMBOLS ON A CATHODE SCREEN |
US4310840A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1982-01-12 | Vydec, Inc. | Text-processing |
US4646078A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1987-02-24 | Tektronix, Inc. | Graphics display rapid pattern fill using undisplayed frame buffer memory |
DE102005000820B4 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-07-05 | Carl Zeiss Ag | A method for improving the vision of a visually impaired person and visual aid |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3417281A (en) * | 1963-11-19 | 1968-12-17 | Raytheon Co | Cursive character generator |
US3335315A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1967-08-08 | Moore Laurence | Electrical apparatus for animating geometric figures and relationships utilizing a cathode ray tube display |
US3309692A (en) * | 1964-12-03 | 1967-03-14 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Character display apparatus |
US3466645A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1969-09-09 | Sperry Rand Corp | Digital data crt display system |
US3394367A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1968-07-23 | Bendix Corp | Symbol generator |
NL153693C (en) * | 1965-10-19 | |||
US3497613A (en) * | 1966-03-25 | 1970-02-24 | Ibm | Display device with video signals interleaved in segments of a cyclical storage |
US3444319A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1969-05-13 | Rca Corp | Character generator |
US3364382A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1968-01-16 | Control Image Corp | Automatic generation and display of animated figures |
US3520994A (en) * | 1967-01-12 | 1970-07-21 | Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics | Combination raster and calligraphic scanning techniques for aircraft displays |
US3603964A (en) * | 1968-01-12 | 1971-09-07 | Computer Image Corp | Means and method for semi-automatically sequencing the generation of components for an electronic image display |
US3476974A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1969-11-04 | Stromberg Datagraphix Inc | Digital controlled elliptical display |
-
1970
- 1970-09-16 US US72770A patent/US3696391A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-09-17 GB GB4443870A patent/GB1332178A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-19 JP JP45082488A patent/JPS5036937B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3696391A (en) | 1972-10-03 |
JPS5036937B1 (en) | 1975-11-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |