GB1325199A - Process for the hydroformylation of olefines and catalysts for use therein - Google Patents

Abstract

1325199 Phosphorus-containing metal complexes; hydroformylation of olefines PROGIL 12 Aug 1970 [12 Aug 1969] 38875/70 Headings C2C and C2P The invention comprises the complexes of Formulµ I and II and a process for the hydroformylation of an olefine to give an aldehyde which consists of reacting the olefine, in the liquid phase, with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of at least one catalytic complex of Formula III where M is rhodium, palladium, iridium or platinum, x+y= 1 if M is rhodium or iridium, and x and y = 0 for the other metals, z = 0, 1 or 2 and t=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, such that x+y+z+t=4, and L is a trivalent phosphorus derivative, the three valencies of which are attached to up to 3 aliphatic or aromatic radicals, either via oxygen or nitrogen atoms, which atoms may optionally form part of a ring, or, if y=1 and z=0, directly, with the proviso (i) that if M is palladium or platinum, z=0 and (ii) that if M is iridium, x=1, z=1 and t=2, under an effective pressure between 5 and 50 atmospheres. The hydroformylation reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent and at a temperature of 50‹ to 150‹ C. The complexes of Formula III in which M is rhodium, x is 1, z is 1 and t is 2, or in which M is rhodium, x is 1 and t is 3, including the novel complex of Formula I, may be prepared by reacting dichloro - tetracarbonyl - di - rhodium with the appropriate co-ordinating compound. The complexes containing a hydrogen atom may be prepared by substituting hydrogen for chlorine in a corresponding chlorine complex or by exchange of co-ordinating compounds with another hydride complex. Complexes consisting solely of a central metal atom and 4 phosphoruscontaining ligands, including the novel complex of Formula II, may be prepared by reacting the ligand with a metallocene or with a zero-valent complex of the metal and triphenylphosphine.