GB1321249A - Apparatus for measuring element content in hydro-carbon compounds - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring element content in hydro-carbon compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1321249A GB1321249A GB4762570A GB4762570A GB1321249A GB 1321249 A GB1321249 A GB 1321249A GB 4762570 A GB4762570 A GB 4762570A GB 4762570 A GB4762570 A GB 4762570A GB 1321249 A GB1321249 A GB 1321249A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- density
- output
- measured
- converter
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
1321249 Photo-electric element analysis YOKOGAWA ELECTRIC WORKS Ltd 7 Oct 1970 [8 Oct 1969 9 Oct 1969 (2)] 47625/70 Heading G1A The concentration of a high atomic number element contained in a sample of a hydrocarbon compound is measured by determining the transmissivity of the sample to the fluorescent X-rays derived from the bombardment of a target 9 by the radiation from a radio-active source 8. The apparatus shown - Fig. 5- monitors the concentration of sulphur in petroleum oil flowing through a measuring chamber 10, but the element chosen may be any one that has a higher mass absorption co-efficient than both carbon and hydrogen. The X-ray wavelength is in the range 23-24À5 KeV, which is produced by bombarding a target of Ag, Sn, In or Cd with the radiation from <SP>241</SP> Am. To select a particular mean wavelength, the target is made of more than one of the above elements, e.g. in sectored form Fig. 2, (not shown), and may be provided with a suitable mask. The output from a scintillation detector or ionisation chamber 11 has to be corrected for variations in density and temperature of the flowing petroleum. The density of the liquid is measured at 15 by a density detector, e.g. of the vibration type, whose output is supplied to a density converter 21. Temperatures are measured by resistance thermometers 17, 18. Reference values of temperature and density are set on bridge 19 and density converter 21 respectively. The voltage output ep1 from this converter represents the difference between the measured density and the reference density at the reference temperature, and is converted to a current signal at 22. One output ep3 from converter 22 is supplied to a potentiometer 24 on which is set a selected reference sulphur concentration. The output from amplifier 12 is hence an exponential concentration signal corrected for density and temperature fluctuations. This signal is integrated at 29 and linearized at 30 before being compared with the reference density signal ep2 in divider 31. The output from the divider 31 is displayed on a meter.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9610069U JPS5018544Y1 (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-08 | |
| JP8095069A JPS5229195B1 (en) | 1969-10-09 | 1969-10-09 | |
| JP8095469A JPS546915B1 (en) | 1969-10-09 | 1969-10-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1321249A true GB1321249A (en) | 1973-06-27 |
Family
ID=27303438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4762570A Expired GB1321249A (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-10-07 | Apparatus for measuring element content in hydro-carbon compounds |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3746874A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2049500C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1321249A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7014735A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK134687B (en) * | 1972-11-22 | 1976-12-20 | Isotopcentralen | Apparatus for measuring the concentration of one or more elements in a carrier medium by means of gamma or X-rays. |
| DE2915986C2 (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1982-04-08 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Process for the continuous measurement of element contents |
| CA1257712A (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1989-07-18 | Toshimasa Tomoda | Metering choke |
| JPH07117502B2 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1995-12-18 | ペトロ−カナダ・インコ−ポレ−テツド | Measuring device |
| MY123677A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 2006-05-31 | Shell Int Research | Fluid composition meter |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL289708A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | |||
| US3448264A (en) * | 1965-09-08 | 1969-06-03 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | X-ray source and measuring means for backscatter analysis of samples |
| US3508047A (en) * | 1966-05-25 | 1970-04-21 | Gulf Research Development Co | Method and apparatus for the accurate analysis of hydrocarbon material using a multiple of radiation sources |
| US3500446A (en) * | 1968-02-14 | 1970-03-10 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | System for the continuous and automatic measurement of the sulfur content of petroleum fractions |
| US3529153A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-09-15 | Halliburton Co | Methods and apparatus for measuring slurry density with gamma rays |
-
1970
- 1970-10-06 US US00078507A patent/US3746874A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-10-07 GB GB4762570A patent/GB1321249A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-07 NL NL7014735A patent/NL7014735A/xx unknown
- 1970-10-08 DE DE2049500A patent/DE2049500C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3746874A (en) | 1973-07-17 |
| DE2049500C3 (en) | 1978-07-06 |
| DE2049500A1 (en) | 1971-04-22 |
| NL7014735A (en) | 1971-04-14 |
| DE2049500B2 (en) | 1977-11-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2564626A (en) | Measuring device and method of measuring | |
| US3508047A (en) | Method and apparatus for the accurate analysis of hydrocarbon material using a multiple of radiation sources | |
| US4171485A (en) | Apparatus for analyzing the spectral data in an elemental analyzer measuring gamma rays arising from neutron capture in bulk substances | |
| Lovelock et al. | Sensitive lonization Cross-Section Detector for Gas Chromatography. | |
| GB1321249A (en) | Apparatus for measuring element content in hydro-carbon compounds | |
| US3602711A (en) | Method and apparatus for determining sulfur content in hydrocarbon streams | |
| US2883542A (en) | System for quantitative hydrogen determinations | |
| US1695031A (en) | Determining gaseous carbonic acid | |
| US2899555A (en) | Apparatus for determining characteristics | |
| US4025788A (en) | Radiometric analyzer | |
| US2833929A (en) | Method of determining characteristics of hydrogen-containing substances | |
| US3663818A (en) | Method and apparatus for determination of a highly active element by alpha particle | |
| US2966587A (en) | Hydrogen measurement | |
| US3256430A (en) | X-ray analysis apparatus for determining the presence of substances | |
| Rowley | Determination of sulphur content of hydrocarbons by bremsstrahlung absorption measurement | |
| Smith | Spectrometer for the investigation of gamma radiation produced by neutron-induced reactions | |
| US3437809A (en) | Neutron transmission method of analysis and apparatus therefor | |
| Galloway | Scintillation counter stability | |
| Debertin | A guide and instructions for determining γ-ray emission rates with germanium detector systems | |
| Di Ianni et al. | GAMMA INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION | |
| Prestwich et al. | Radium determination in soil samples using a gamma-ray coincidence spectrometer | |
| Lambert | Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Photometry | |
| Macrae | The instrumentation of reactors | |
| Walker | Absolute Calibration of a Ra-Be Neutron Source | |
| ENOMOTO et al. | Tritium bremsstrahlung absorption determination of sulfur in heavy oil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |