GB131949A - - Google Patents

Abstract

131,949. Witt, H. A. May 3, 1918. Integrating.-Relates to apparatus of the clockwork type for indicating the square-root of a force with regard to time, the constants of the apparatus being chosen from a consideration of the known formula for the time of swing of an oscillating body T= #<##C>K so as to give for the number of oscillations in a time z the value ##<z>o #G . dz Î (constant factor) where G is the force in question. The integrated result is read from a clock-work train controlled by an escapement constructed in accordance with the constants so found. In the form shown in Fig. 1, the variable force is caused to act on a tension member 1 connected to an arm 2 of a double pendulum 3 controlling a clock-work train 4. The transmitting-member 1 may be a spring in compression or tension, and the double pendulum may be replaced by a spring balance as shown in Fig. 2, where the transmitting-member 1 is connected to a lever 2 bearing a toothed segment 5 gearing with a pinion 6 on the balance axle; friction or other gearing mav replace the toothed sector. In a second modification, the member 1 acts through i two bell-crank levers connected by bands to crossbars on the balance axle. The device may be applied to various meters for rate or flux, such as electric, water, or steam meters and logs actuated by Pitot or Venturi tubes. As applied to indicating the quantity of electricity, the member 1 is connected to a pivoted core 14, Fig. 4, attracted by a coil 13 through which the current passes, the pointer 15 indicating the magnitude of the force. By replacing the core by a solenoid in circuit with the coil, the member 1 will be attracted by a force proportional to the square of the current, and the clock-work will indicate the quantity of electricity. In a second form, the force exerted by an electromagnet is caused to act upon two levers connected by linkages which exert a tension on the member 1 proportional to the square of the force exerted by the magnet, the clock thus indicating the quantity of electricity. In the application to a hydrostatic ship's log, a differential-pressure device 16 acts on a spring-controlled lever 17, Fig. 5, connected to the spring member 1 so that this is not stretched when the pointer 19 indicating the pressure is at zero. By suitably arranging the gearing, the clock 4 will indicate the distance travelled through the water. Modifications are described wherein different systems of levers are introduced between the lever 17 and the tension member. Fig. 7 shows the application of the device to a steam meter wherein the quantity of steam passing per unit of time is proportional to (p<2>-p<1>) x p<2> x f (t) where f (t) is a function of the temperature. Steam is conveyed from a Venturi or a Pitot tube, or from the opposite sides of a constriction, to a differential pressure gauge 28, one piston or diaphragm of which exerts a tension in a wire 27 connected to a lever 20 proportional to the pressure difference p2-p1. The other piston is adapted to rock a spring-retracted lever 17 connected to a lever 20 by toggle-levers 25 and links 22, 21, the pivots of which move in slots 26, 30 so curved that the movement of the link 22 is proportional to f (t) x p2. If the pivot of the links 21, 22 be connected to the tension member 1, the clock will indicate the quantity of steam passing. The device may also be applied to integrating with regard to time the product of one quantity by the square-root of a second quantity. In further modifications, one of which is shown in Fig. 9, the tension member 1 is not connected directly to the sector 5, pivoted at 34, which controls the balance 3, but acts against the influence of a spring 38 on a guide 37 connected by a flat spring 36 to a journal 36a moving in a slot 35 in the arm 2, its position thus varying directly with the force exerted on the member 1. The time of oscillation of the balance will thus be inversely proportional to the square-root of the force.