GB1305480A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- GB1305480A GB1305480A GB6045770A GB6045770A GB1305480A GB 1305480 A GB1305480 A GB 1305480A GB 6045770 A GB6045770 A GB 6045770A GB 6045770 A GB6045770 A GB 6045770A GB 1305480 A GB1305480 A GB 1305480A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- rows
- elements
- phase
- voltage
- aerial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/20—Countermeasures against jamming
- H04K3/22—Countermeasures against jamming including jamming detection and monitoring
- H04K3/224—Countermeasures against jamming including jamming detection and monitoring with countermeasures at transmission and/or reception of the jammed signal, e.g. stopping operation of transmitter or receiver, nulling or enhancing transmitted power in direction of or at frequency of jammer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/38—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an antenna or an antenna system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that antenna or antenna system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal
- G01S3/42—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an antenna or an antenna system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that antenna or antenna system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal the desired condition being maintained automatically
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
- G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
- H04K2203/30—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by the infrastructure components
- H04K2203/32—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by the infrastructure components including a particular configuration of antennas
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
1305480 Aerials; radio direction-finders SIEMENS AG 21 Dec 1970 [23 Dec 1969 (2)] 60457/70 Headings H4A and H4D In an n-dimensional aerial array (n=1, or 2, or 3) each element is associated with a respective phase-shift device, which is continuously variable proportionally to a controlling D.C. voltage. For each dimension there is provided a chain of resistors having values proportional to the spacings between the elements, and fed by a regulating D.C. voltage. The controlling D.C. voltage for a phase-shift device is derived by tapping along the chains at points corresponding to the spatial co-ordinates of its associated aerial element. As described, a three-dimensional array G, Fig. 1, comprises elements such as A whose positions are defined with respect to co-ordinate axes x, y, and which are associated with individual continuously variable D.C. voltage controlled phase shifters, for example helical ferrite delay lines. Control voltages are obtained from three chains of resistors, each fed by an independent direct voltage V 1 or V 2 or V 3 , Fig. 2. The values of the resistors are proportional to the spacings between the aerial elements along the x or y or z axis. Thus considering the element A, voltages V 1A , V 2A , V 3A are tapped along the x, y, z chains respectively, and a control voltage V A is obtained by summing. The co-ordinate axes need not be orthogonal, nor need the spacings between elements be the same, for example, said elements may be arranged along co-planar curves as shown in Fig. 6. In other embodiments planar arrays comprise parallel rows of elements. Two sets of rows may be arranged in orthogonal directions, or three sets of rows may be arranged in directions which are at 120 degrees to each other. The elements are energized so that narrow beams are produced which fan out along the rows. These beams may be swung broadside to their respective rows, and an equivalent pencil beam may be obtained at the intersection of two beams. A jamming station will normally affect one beam only, and the other beam or beams will remain free of interference. In one arrangement of this kind, two mutually perpendicular rows of elements A 1 , A 2 and A 3 , A 4 are provided (Fig. 8(a), not shown). As shown in Fig. 8(b), the aerial elements and the phase shifters are contained in a unit 10. The component arrays corresponding to rows A 1 , A 2 and A 3 , A 4 are marked 11, 12 respectively with corresponding phase shifters 11a, 12a (shown separately for convenience). Phase discriminators 11b, 12b receive outputs from the rows A 1 , A 2 and A 3 , A 4 respectively. A low frequency generator 13 produces control voltages for the phase shifters 11a, 12b, which are taken through switches 14, 15. The resultant phase changes cause the mutually perpendicular fab-shaped beams and/orl the pencil beam at their intersection to swing. When a radiating source is detected the swinging is stopped by the operation of the switches 14, 15 and tracking is continued under control of signals from the phase discriminators 11b, 12b. the aerial arrangement 10 supplies a threshold analyser 16 and a receiver 17. In the device 16, decoding arrangements may be provided for recognizing responding relay stations. A similar arrangement is described in which each component array has virtually four rows of elements, although the central two rows are combined, so that there are actually three rows (Figs. 9a, 9b, not shown). Embodiments in which the elements are arranged to provide rows in three directions at 120 degrees to each other are described with reference to Figs. 10a, 10b, 11, 12 (not shown). Monopulse type operation may also be effected (Figs. 13a, 13b, 13c, 14, not shown).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691964521 DE1964521C3 (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1969-12-23 | Antenna arrangement with electronic beam swivel for tracking a sharply bundled antenna directional characteristic |
DE19691964520 DE1964520A1 (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1969-12-23 | Arrangement for analog electronic phase control of a directional beam of a one-, two- or three-dimensional phased array antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1305480A true GB1305480A (en) | 1973-01-31 |
Family
ID=25758276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB6045770A Expired GB1305480A (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1970-12-21 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3806930A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2072030B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1305480A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2189363A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-21 | Philips Electronic Associated | Radio direction-finding |
US7026990B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2006-04-11 | Bae Systems, Plc | Interferometer arrangement for unambiguous determination of an angle of incidence of incident electromagnetic radiation |
US10153549B2 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-12-11 | Raytheon Company | Correlated fanbeam extruder |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3885237A (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1975-05-20 | George M Kirkpatrick | Phased array sequential switching between short and long distance targets |
US4041496A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-08-09 | Norris Paul R | Automatic direction finding system |
US4225870A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-09-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Null steering antenna |
US4433333A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1984-02-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Transmitter peak power efficient pseudo-blink arm decoy system |
US4458247A (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1984-07-03 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Phased array antenna employing linear scan for wide angle orbital arc coverage |
US4837574A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1989-06-06 | The Boeing Company | Near-field monostatic intrusion detection system |
US5808967A (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 1998-09-15 | Rowe-Deines Instruments Incorporated | Two-dimensional array transducer and beamformer |
DE19724087A1 (en) * | 1997-06-07 | 1998-12-10 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Transmitting and receiving device for high-frequency radiation and method for high-frequency transmission |
EP1488613A4 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2005-04-27 | Ipr Licensing Inc | Intelligent interface for adaptive antenna array |
JP4260660B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2009-04-30 | Dxアンテナ株式会社 | Variable directional antenna and reception system using the same |
US8498178B2 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-07-30 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Acoustic transducer chip |
US20160218429A1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Phase control for antenna array |
CN114726425B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) | Wave beam forming method, device, wireless communication system and storage medium based on phase shifter switch control |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB433843A (en) * | 1934-05-05 | 1935-08-21 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in radio receiving systems |
GB577674A (en) * | 1941-05-26 | 1946-05-28 | Hazeltine Corp | Improvements in radiolocation systems |
US3036210A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1962-05-22 | Space General Corp | Electronically scanning antenna empolying plural phase-locked loops to produce optimum directivity |
US3145383A (en) * | 1960-02-23 | 1964-08-18 | Avco Corp | Signal synthesizer system |
US3394374A (en) * | 1961-08-11 | 1968-07-23 | Packard Bell Electronics Corp | Retrodirective antenna array |
GB1047471A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3274601A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1966-09-20 | Blass Antenna Electronics Corp | Antenna system with electronic scanning means |
US3238528A (en) * | 1963-02-19 | 1966-03-01 | Microwave Ass | Electric wave phase control systems |
US3484784A (en) * | 1963-11-05 | 1969-12-16 | Raytheon Co | Antenna array duplexing system |
US3278936A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1966-10-11 | Joachim E Wolf | Automatic beam blanking for stacked beam radar |
US3345631A (en) * | 1964-09-18 | 1967-10-03 | Texas Instruments Inc | Phased array radar antenna scan control |
US3588901A (en) * | 1969-07-17 | 1971-06-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Miniaturized ferrite phase shifters for electronically steered antenna arrays |
-
1970
- 1970-12-14 US US00097654A patent/US3806930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-12-21 GB GB6045770A patent/GB1305480A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-12-23 FR FR7046412A patent/FR2072030B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2189363A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-21 | Philips Electronic Associated | Radio direction-finding |
US7026990B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2006-04-11 | Bae Systems, Plc | Interferometer arrangement for unambiguous determination of an angle of incidence of incident electromagnetic radiation |
US10153549B2 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-12-11 | Raytheon Company | Correlated fanbeam extruder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2072030B1 (en) | 1977-03-18 |
FR2072030A1 (en) | 1971-09-24 |
US3806930A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |