GB1239922A - Modulated pulse computing circuits - Google Patents
Modulated pulse computing circuitsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1239922A GB1239922A GB09529/67A GB1952967A GB1239922A GB 1239922 A GB1239922 A GB 1239922A GB 09529/67 A GB09529/67 A GB 09529/67A GB 1952967 A GB1952967 A GB 1952967A GB 1239922 A GB1239922 A GB 1239922A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- input
- output
- over
- amplifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
- G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
- G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
- G06G7/16—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for multiplication or division
- G06G7/161—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for multiplication or division with pulse modulation, e.g. modulation of amplitude, width, frequency, phase or form
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/26—Automatic controllers electric in which the output signal is a pulse-train
- G05B11/28—Automatic controllers electric in which the output signal is a pulse-train using pulse-height modulation; using pulse-width modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
- G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
- G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
- G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
- G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
- G06G7/20—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for evaluating powers, roots, polynomes, mean square values, standard deviation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/217—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/14—Conversion in steps with each step involving the same or a different conversion means and delivering more than one bit
Abstract
1,239,922. Pulse width computation. K.D.G. INSTRUMENTS Ltd. 26 July, 1968 [27 April, 1967], No. 19529/67. Heading G4G. A pulse width modulator (Fig. 4) comprises an integrator with a D.C. amplifier and capacitance feedback C excited by input signal V 1 over resistance R; the integrator output operating a Schmitt trigger whose trip levels are O and V 2 which gates a voltage-V 3 to amplifier input over further resistance R for removal at level V 2 and application at level O. For zero input the integrator output oscillates with equal rise and fall times t 1 = t 2 CRV 2 /V 3 , and for V 1 input t 1 = CRV 2 /V 3 -V 1 t 2 = CR V 2 /V 1 so that mark space ratio = t 1 /t 2 = V 1 /V 3 -V 1 and V 1 /V 3 = t 2 /t 1 +t 2 (Fig. 5, not t 2 V 3 -V 1 V 3 t 1 +t 2 shown), and if the trigger switches an output gate (not shown) between limits of V and +V 4 , mean value of output the gate level voltages V 3 , V 4 being controllably variable. The trigger may derive a P.W.M. output signal indirectly by utilizing gate switching voltage V 4 in synchronism with trigger operation (Fig. 6A, not shown); the output being rectified, smoothed, and D.C. amplified. If V 3 = a V cc , V 4 = b V cc where V cc is a conb stant voltage, V 0 = - V 1 - so that the device a functions as amplifier (Fig. 6B, not shown) applicable to split field servomotors or pulse width modulated audio amplification. Switching may be by thyristor. For multiplication, the switched output voltage V 4 is derived from input V 1 over buffer D, the switched feedback voltage V 3 from a reference source, and the voltage V 1 from input X, while the P.W.M. A feeds rectifier-filter B and output amplifier C to produce output voltage V 0 = X Y/V 3 (Fig. 6C). For division, voltages V 3 and V 4 are transposed (Fig. 6D, not shown), so that V 0 = V 4 X/Y, and for reciprocation (Fig. 6E, not shown), voltage V 1 is taken from a reference source so that V 0 = V 1 V 4 1/Y. Y For multiplication and division, voltages V 1 , V 3 and V 4 are derived from inputs X, Z and Y so that V 0 = XY/Z (Fig. 6F, not shown), and for squaring, voltage V 3 is taken from a reference source, V 1 from input X, and V 4 from input X over buffer amplifier D (Fig. 6G) so that V 0 =X 2 /V 3 . Similarly for square rooting (Fig. 6I, not shown), voltage V 3 is derived from output V 0 over a buffer amplifier, V 4 from input Y over a buffer amplifier, V 1 from input X so that V 0 = #XY, and if V 4 is derived from a reference voltage V 0 = k#x (Fig. 6H, not shown). Power and root circuits may be cascaded for derivation of higher powers and roots. Fig. 7 shows a circuit for introducing the transfer function into a P.I.D. control system, wherein (Fig. 9) input voltage V 1 is applied over resistance R to an amplifier/capacitance feedback integrator and Schmitt trigger operating as a P.W.M. which drives gates 1, 2 modulating voltages V 4 fed through rectifier and filter to develop output voltage V 0 , and V 3 fed back over series resistance Rd and shunt capacitance Cd and over a buffer amplifier PQ and capacitance C 1 in series with resistance R to the integrator input. A mathematical analysis is given. The P.W.M. may be applied to digital voltage measurement by making the output mark/space ratio proportional to input voltage i.e. where V 3 is reference voltage and modulating the t 2 pulse with clock pulse at a multiplier of pulse frequency so that the PRF pulses are similarly modulated; the latter being used by decade division to time the t 2 pulse counter (Fig. 8, not shown). Integral transistorized buffer amplifiers having negative feedback are provided for applying the X, Y, Z signals to the computing circuitry (Fig. 10, not shown); similar integrated circuits comprising integrating operational amplifiers with negative capacitance feedback followed by Schmitt trigger and switching transistor; the input to the integrating circuit . being derived from a transistorized differential amplifier receiving the X and Z voltages, the switching transistor opening to apply (X-Z) to the integrating circuit, and closing to apply X thereto so that the output is pulsed of mark/space ratio dependent on X and Z (Fig. 11, not shown). The output pulses are applied to transistor gate a Y voltage, the resultant pulses being capacitance smoothed, amplified, and applied to an output terminal to represent XY/Z; the signal being also applied over transistor circuitry to current or voltage metering outputs. Detailed component values are given.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB09529/67A GB1239922A (en) | 1967-04-27 | 1967-04-27 | Modulated pulse computing circuits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB09529/67A GB1239922A (en) | 1967-04-27 | 1967-04-27 | Modulated pulse computing circuits |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1239922A true GB1239922A (en) | 1971-07-21 |
Family
ID=10130908
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB09529/67A Expired GB1239922A (en) | 1967-04-27 | 1967-04-27 | Modulated pulse computing circuits |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB1239922A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2166019A1 (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-08-10 | Western Electric Co | |
FR2503961A1 (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1982-10-15 | Sony Corp | SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION DEVICE PULSE WIDTH MODULE |
EP0298874A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-11 | ETABLISSEMENTS PAUL BOUYER & CIE | Impulse modulation method and device therefor |
FR2622751A1 (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-05-05 | Burr Brown Corp | MODULATOR / DEMODULATOR CIRCUIT AND INSULATION AMPLIFIER EMPLOYING THIS CIRCUIT |
EP0746094A1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-04 | STMicroelectronics S.A. | Offset error compensation system for an operational amplifier |
EP1594224A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-09 | NEC Electronics Corporation | Class D amplifier |
EP2159582A2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-03 | Regal-Beloit Corporation | Methods and Apparatus for Monitoring Average Current and Input Power in an Electronically Commutated Motor |
CN104883144A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-02 | 宁波工程学院 | Oscillatory type class D amplifier for field effect switching tube phase inverter |
-
1967
- 1967-04-27 GB GB09529/67A patent/GB1239922A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2166019A1 (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-08-10 | Western Electric Co | |
FR2503961A1 (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1982-10-15 | Sony Corp | SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION DEVICE PULSE WIDTH MODULE |
EP0298874A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-11 | ETABLISSEMENTS PAUL BOUYER & CIE | Impulse modulation method and device therefor |
FR2618034A1 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1989-01-13 | Gradient Rech Royallieu | PULSE MODULATION METHOD AND DEVICE |
FR2622751A1 (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-05-05 | Burr Brown Corp | MODULATOR / DEMODULATOR CIRCUIT AND INSULATION AMPLIFIER EMPLOYING THIS CIRCUIT |
EP0746094A1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-04 | STMicroelectronics S.A. | Offset error compensation system for an operational amplifier |
FR2734965A1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-06 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | SYSTEM FOR COMPENSATING THE OFFSET ERROR OF AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER, AND APPLICATION TO AN ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER |
EP1594224A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-09 | NEC Electronics Corporation | Class D amplifier |
US7295063B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2007-11-13 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Class D amplifier |
EP2159582A2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-03 | Regal-Beloit Corporation | Methods and Apparatus for Monitoring Average Current and Input Power in an Electronically Commutated Motor |
EP2159582A3 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-06-26 | Regal-Beloit Corporation | Methods and Apparatus for Monitoring Average Current and Input Power in an Electronically Commutated Motor |
US8810170B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2014-08-19 | Regal Beloit America, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for electric motor controller protection |
CN104883144A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-02 | 宁波工程学院 | Oscillatory type class D amplifier for field effect switching tube phase inverter |
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