GB1009858A - Improvements in electronic filters making use of quantum transitions and in devices including such a filter, and in particular oscillators and magnetometers - Google Patents
Improvements in electronic filters making use of quantum transitions and in devices including such a filter, and in particular oscillators and magnetometersInfo
- Publication number
- GB1009858A GB1009858A GB2275862A GB2275862A GB1009858A GB 1009858 A GB1009858 A GB 1009858A GB 2275862 A GB2275862 A GB 2275862A GB 2275862 A GB2275862 A GB 2275862A GB 1009858 A GB1009858 A GB 1009858A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- sample
- coil
- field
- coils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/04—Frequency selective two-port networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/24—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
1, 009, 858. Magnetometer apparatus. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. June 13,1962 [June 14, 1961], No. 22758/62. Heading G1N. [Also in Division H3] A band-pass filter for use in a magnetometer comprises a sample of material containing subatomic particles (nuclei, electrons &c.) having magnetic (i.e. spin) energy sub-levels separated by intervals corresponding to frequencies within a range comprised between audio and U.H.F. In particular, the invention makes use of a system of nuclear spins (i.e. nuclei having a gyromagnetic ratio γ = M/R where M is a non-iron magnetic moment and R a non-zero angular momentum) placed in a uniform field H and capable of energy exchange with electromagnetic radiation of frequency f = y H/2#. The linear relation between the Larmor frequence f and the field H holds up to values of H corresponding to saturation. Protons, or hydrogen nuclei, in the earths magnetic field (~ 500 millioersted) have a Larmor frequency of about 2 kHz, the width of the resonance line being proportional to 1/T 2 where T 2 is the transverse nuclear spin relaxation time e.g. (expressed in terms of H in millioersteds) 0.002 for benzene, 0.017 for pure water and 0.040 for a M/1000 aqueous solution of potassium nitrosodisulphonate. The band-pass circuit consists of two identical coils 2a, 2b connected in parallel and in opposition to input terminals 1a, 1b and coupled respectively to two identical tuned circuits 3a, 34a and 3b, 34b connected in series and in opposition between output terminals 5a, 5b. If the circuit is balanced correctly there is zero transmission between input and output terminals over a wide frequency band centred around the resonant frequency of the tuned circuits. This is made equal to the Larmor frequency f of a sample 26 (e.g. M/1000 potassium nitrosodisulphonate) placed within the coil 3a. At this frequency there is coupling between the coil and the sample and the symmetry of the quadipole is destroyed whereby a pass-band centred around f is created. In order to increase coupling between the coil and the sample, the latter is subjected by means of an auxiliary coil 28 to a saturation high-frequency field at the paramagnetic resonance frequency (~ 55 MHg). This produces polarization of the nuclear spins. A Q of about 6,000 is obtainable. When used as a filter the centre frequency of the pass-band is varied by means of the adjustable electromagnet producing a field of hundreds or thousands of oersteds within a sample of e.g. benzene. In this case, the highfrequency field is not used. The variable electromagnet is coupled to the capacitors 34a,34b whereby the frequency of the tuned circuits may be kept equal to the Larmor frequency. The magnetometer circuit of Fig. 3 uses the coil arrangement of Fig. 1 with the addition of a sample 26b of pure water placed within the coil 3b to obtain a better balance. The sample 26 consists of an aqueous solution of potassium nitrosodisulphonate and is, in this instance, immersed in the earth's field. Variable tuning of the coils is achieved by banks of capacitors 4a, 4b. The output from the coils is fed to the grids 8g,8h of a pair of cathode followers, whence, by means of the variable potentiometers 18a,18b a difference voltage is derived. This voltage is fed to the grid of a pentode 11 through a transformer 9,10 having a nickel-iron high-Á core. After further amplification, a position of the output signal is fed back to the coils 2a, 2b via a variable potentiometer 13, whereby sustained oscillations at the Larmor frequency are obtained. This is measured by a known measuring circuit 50. An AGC signal is fed via amplifier 14 to a pair of rectifiers 15p, 15n and the negative part of the signal applied as a negative bias to the grid of pentode 11. The amplitude of the oscillations may be controlled by the potentiometer 17 in the AGC circuit. An initial balance of the coils is obtained by injecting a low frequency voltage between points 20 and 37 with the AGC switched off (switch 21 open). Then, in the absence of magnetic resonance (generator 7 disconnected), the potentiometer 13 is adjusted to give a minimum voltage across the secondary 10 of the transformer.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR864880A FR1316473A (en) | 1961-06-14 | 1961-06-14 | Quantum filter including nuclear filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1009858A true GB1009858A (en) | 1965-11-17 |
Family
ID=8757216
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2275862A Expired GB1009858A (en) | 1961-06-14 | 1962-06-13 | Improvements in electronic filters making use of quantum transitions and in devices including such a filter, and in particular oscillators and magnetometers |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE618530A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1316473A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1009858A (en) |
LU (1) | LU41825A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2616551A1 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1988-12-16 | Crouzet Sa | MAGNETOMETER WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE NUCLEAR |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3614160B1 (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2023-09-27 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Method of ramping a magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus based on a measured centre frequency of the body coil |
-
1961
- 1961-06-14 FR FR864880A patent/FR1316473A/en not_active Expired
-
1962
- 1962-06-04 LU LU41825D patent/LU41825A1/xx unknown
- 1962-06-05 BE BE618530A patent/BE618530A/en unknown
- 1962-06-13 GB GB2275862A patent/GB1009858A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2616551A1 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1988-12-16 | Crouzet Sa | MAGNETOMETER WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE NUCLEAR |
EP0296005A1 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1988-12-21 | SEXTANT Avionique | Nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer |
US4891592A (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1990-01-02 | Crouzet (Societe Anonyme Francaise) | Nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE618530A (en) | 1962-10-01 |
FR1316473A (en) | 1963-02-01 |
LU41825A1 (en) | 1962-08-04 |
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