FR3126987A1 - Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol - Google Patents
Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3126987A1 FR3126987A1 FR2113342A FR2113342A FR3126987A1 FR 3126987 A1 FR3126987 A1 FR 3126987A1 FR 2113342 A FR2113342 A FR 2113342A FR 2113342 A FR2113342 A FR 2113342A FR 3126987 A1 FR3126987 A1 FR 3126987A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- bioplastic
- biomass
- cellulose
- mass
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920013724 bio-based polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000956 solid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034530 PLAA-associated neurodevelopmental disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007953 anoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/12—Degraded, destructured or non-chemically modified starch, e.g. mechanically, enzymatically or by irradiation; Bleaching of starch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/18—Plasticising macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/14—Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Le domaine de l’invention est celui des polymères biosourcés et des bioplastiques biodégradables. L’invention concerne la création d’un bioplastique se décomposant en quelques jours dans un milieu naturel non contrôlé, fabriqué notamment à partir de graminées et de déchets verts non ligneux, et possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques similaires aux plastiques d’origine pétrochimique. L’invention propose également un protocole permettant la fabrication de ce bioplastique à partir de matières naturelles et de produits chimiques facilement neutralisables. Le protocole consiste notamment en plusieurs extractions solides-liquides successives des composés lignocellulosiques de la biomasse afin d’obtenir la cellulose nécessaire à la fabrication du bioplastique. La cellulose est utilisée comme charge afin de renforcer le bioplastique fabriqué à partir d’une matrice d’amidon et d’un plastifiant tel que la glycérine. Le présent brevet attire l’attention sur les facilités de disposition de l’invention une fois caractérisé en tant que déchet. Cette invention souhaite répondre aux problèmes liés à la surproduction de plastiques difficilement recyclables notamment grâce à sa décomposition rapide et non nocive pour l’environnement. Le bioplastique selon l’invention est particulièrement destiné à être employé en tant qu’emballages, comme protection pour l’industrie tertiaire ou en tant que sacs à usage unique du fait de sa décomposition rapide. Le bioplastique selon l’invention est également destiné à être utilisé lors de la fabrication et de la protection de biens de grande consommation.The field of the invention is that of biobased polymers and biodegradable bioplastics. The invention concerns the creation of a bioplastic that decomposes in a few days in an uncontrolled natural environment, made in particular from grasses and non-woody green waste, and having mechanical characteristics similar to plastics of petrochemical origin. The invention also proposes a protocol allowing the manufacture of this bioplastic from natural materials and easily neutralizable chemicals. The protocol consists in particular of several successive solid-liquid extractions of the lignocellulosic compounds of the biomass in order to obtain the cellulose necessary for the manufacture of the bioplastic. Cellulose is used as a filler to reinforce bioplastic made from a matrix of starch and a plasticizer such as glycerine. This patent draws attention to the ease of disposal of the invention once characterized as waste. This invention aims to respond to the problems linked to the overproduction of plastics that are difficult to recycle, in particular thanks to its rapid decomposition and not harmful to the environment. The bioplastic according to the invention is particularly intended to be used as packaging, as protection for the tertiary industry or as single-use bags due to its rapid decomposition. The bioplastic according to the invention is also intended to be used during the manufacture and protection of consumer goods.
Description
Le domaine de l’invention est celui des polymères biosourcés et biodégradables. L’invention concerne en particulier un bioplastique, offrant une biodégradation rapide et des caractéristiques mécaniques similaires aux plastiques d’origine pétrochimique existants, fabriqué à partir d’un protocole employant notamment des graminées et des déchets verts.
L’invention comporte également le protocole de fabrication dudit bioplastique et différentes variations de ce protocole.The field of the invention is that of biobased and biodegradable polymers. The invention relates in particular to a bioplastic, offering rapid biodegradation and mechanical characteristics similar to existing plastics of petrochemical origin, made from a protocol using in particular grasses and green waste.
The invention also comprises the protocol for manufacturing said bioplastic and various variations of this protocol.
Les avantages du plastique sont sans égaux lorsqu’il s’agit de les comparer avec ceux de n’importe quel autre matériau utilisé dans des domaines tels que le packaging, l’isolation ou la fabrication d’objets destinés à la grande consommation. Les plastiques sont légers et ne réagissent pas lorsqu’ils sont mis en contact avec la plupart des solvants organiques et inorganiques. Leurs coûts de fabrication sont faibles, tout en conservant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques.The advantages of plastic are unrivaled when compared to those of any other material used in fields such as packaging, insulation or the manufacture of objects intended for mass consumption. Plastics are lightweight and do not react when brought into contact with most organic and inorganic solvents. Their manufacturing costs are low, while maintaining good mechanical characteristics.
La majorité des plastiques actuellement employés sont fabriqués à partir de matières fossiles (ou hydrocarbures). Ceux-ci ont pour défaut d’être difficilement recyclables, en plus de causer des risques accrus de cancers et de maladies aux êtres vivants y étant exposés de manière prolongée. Leur décomposition difficile associée à une gestion des déchets plastiques imparfaite ont amené à une surabondance de résidus plastiques dans les zones urbaines et dans la nature, provoquant d’importants problèmes écologiques aussi bien pour la faune que pour la flore. En France, la gestion des déchets plastiques se fait via le recyclage, la combustion (avec valorisation énergétique ou non) et l’enfouissement en décharges. D’après une étude réalisée en 2020 par PlasticsEurope, le recyclage ne concerne en France que 24,2% des déchets plastiques, 32,5% sont envoyés en décharges, tandis que 43,3% sont incinérés. Bien que la part de déchets recyclés ait tendance à augmenter (+ 6,8% entre 2016 et 2018), une part très importante n’est toujours pas revalorisée.The majority of plastics currently used are made from fossil materials (or hydrocarbons). These have the drawback of being difficult to recycle, in addition to causing increased risks of cancer and disease to living beings exposed to them for a long time. Their difficult decomposition associated with imperfect plastic waste management has led to an overabundance of plastic residues in urban areas and in nature, causing significant ecological problems for both fauna and flora. In France, plastic waste is managed through recycling, combustion (with or without energy recovery) and landfill disposal. According to a study carried out in 2020 by PlasticsEurope, recycling only concerns 24.2% of plastic waste in France, 32.5% is sent to landfill, while 43.3% is incinerated. Although the share of recycled waste is tending to increase (+6.8% between 2016 and 2018), a very large part is still not revalued.
Une alternative à cette situation problématique est la substitution des plastiques fabriqués avec des composants fossiles par des plastiques d’origine biologique, autrement appelés bioplastiques. Le bioplastique actuellement majoritaire dans l’industrie est l’acide polylactique (PLA), qui est un polymère biosourcé et compostable fabriqué à partir de maïs. Ces bioplastiques ont la volonté de se distinguer notamment grâce à une meilleure biodégradabilité et à leur renouvelabilité. Néanmoins, les bioplastiques ont tendance à relâcher du méthane sous forme de gaz lors de leur décomposition, et notamment lors de leur mise en décharge. L’émission de méthane a particulièrement lieu dans les situations d’anoxie (absence d’oxygène), ce qui est majoritairement le cas dans les décharges.An alternative to this problematic situation is the substitution of plastics made with fossil components by plastics of biological origin, otherwise known as bioplastics. The current majority bioplastic in the industry is polylactic acid (PLA), which is a biobased and compostable polymer made from corn. These bioplastics want to stand out, in particular thanks to better biodegradability and their renewability. Nevertheless, bioplastics tend to release methane in the form of gas during their decomposition, and in particular when they are landfilled. The emission of methane takes place particularly in situations of anoxia (absence of oxygen), which is mainly the case in landfills.
Les bioplastiques sont des matériaux fabriqués en suivant une structure générique : à un polymère ou une résine (également appelé base ou matrice) est mélangée une ou plusieurs charges (une substance modifiant les propriétés mécaniques du polymère) et un plastifiant (substance provoquant la transformation du polymère en plastique). De très nombreuses variations de cette structure existent, et certaines d’entre elles ont déjà fait l’objet de brevets. Un premier brevet international WO 2020115619 choisit par exemple un bioplastique réalisé à partir de 4 à 10% d’agarose, un polymère obtenu à partir d’algues, de silice et de laurylsulfate de sodium, un dérivé d’huile végétale. Un second exemple est le brevet international WO 2018021980 qui propose un bioplastique issu de 60 à 100% d’un mélange de PLA et de PBS (polybutylène succinate, une résine thermoplastique), et qui choisit d’y intégrer un additif issu de la culture du café. Un troisième brevet européen EP 3305855 offre d’utiliser du son de blé, un résidu issu du meulage de la céréale, et ce jusqu’à 30% de la masse du bioplastique.Bioplastics are materials manufactured following a generic structure: to a polymer or a resin (also called base or matrix) is mixed one or more fillers (a substance modifying the mechanical properties of the polymer) and a plasticizer (substance causing the transformation of the plastic polymer). Many variations of this structure exist, and some of them have already been the subject of patents. A first international patent WO 2020115619 chooses for example a bioplastic made from 4 to 10% agarose, a polymer obtained from algae, silica and sodium lauryl sulphate, a derivative of vegetable oil. A second example is the international patent WO 2018021980 which proposes a bioplastic resulting from 60 to 100% of a mixture of PLA and PBS (polybutylene succinate, a thermoplastic resin), and which chooses to integrate an additive from the culture Coffee. A third European patent EP 3305855 offers the use of wheat bran, a residue from the grinding of the cereal, and this up to 30% of the mass of the bioplastic.
La recherche scientifique s’est également intéressée aux bioplastiques. Un premier exemple est l’article “Isolation, preparation and characterization of cellulose microfibers obtained from bagasse” par Bhattacharya et al. Cet article s’intéresse à la meilleure méthode quant à l’extraction et la préparation de cellulose sous forme de microfibres obtenus depuis des résidus de canne à sucre. Ces microfibres peuvent servir comme renforcement pour des matériaux composites. Un second article intitulé “Corn and Rice Starch-Based Bio-Plastics as Alternative Packaging Materials par Marichelvam et al. explique que les auteurs ont travaillé à la réalisation d’un bioplastique fabriqué à base d’amidon de riz et de maïs, et ont réussi à obtenir un matériau ayant une bonne résistance à la traction. L’article “Current Trends in the Production of Cellulose Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications”, écrit par Rojas et al. choisit de s’intéresser aux différents protocoles de production de nanoparticules de cellulose (des fibres ayant un diamètre compris entre deux et vingt nanomètres) ainsi qu’à leurs applications dans le domaine du biomédical.Scientific research has also focused on bioplastics. A first example is the article “Isolation, preparation and characterization of cellulose microfibers obtained from bagasse” by Bhattacharya et al. This article focuses on the best method for the extraction and preparation of cellulose in the form of microfibers obtained from sugar cane residues. These microfibers can be used as reinforcement for composite materials. A second article titled “Corn and Rice Starch-Based Bio-Plastics as Alternative Packaging Materials by Marichelvam et al. explains that the authors worked on the realization of a bioplastic made from rice and corn starch, and succeeded in obtaining a material with good tensile strength. The article “Current Trends in the Production of Cellulose Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications”, written by Rojas et al. chooses to focus on the different protocols for producing cellulose nanoparticles (fibers with a diameter between two and twenty nanometers) as well as their applications in the biomedical field.
Le domaine des bioplastiques est particulièrement novateur en ce qui concerne la réutilisation de matière organique comme charge ou comme matrice. En plus d’offrir un avantage économique certain du fait de la réutilisation de déchets organiques (ayant une valeur unitaire faible, voire nulle), les bioplastiques peuvent créer un cercle vertueux avec les particuliers et les industriels désireux de se débarrasser de leurs déchets. Cette matière organique pourra alors être utilisée lors de la fabrication de bioplastiques dont ces mêmes particuliers et industriels pourront ainsi bénéficier.The field of bioplastics is particularly innovative with regard to the reuse of organic matter as a filler or as a matrix. In addition to offering a definite economic advantage due to the reuse of organic waste (with a low or even zero unit value), bioplastics can create a virtuous circle with individuals and industrialists wishing to get rid of their waste. This organic material can then be used in the manufacture of bioplastics from which these same individuals and industrialists can thus benefit.
Afin de répondre aux problématiques évoquées précédemment, l’invention souhaite atteindre au moins un des buts suivants :In order to respond to the problems mentioned above, the invention wishes to achieve at least one of the following goals:
- L’invention a pour but de résoudre le problème technique qu’est la surproduction de déchets plastiques par la fabrication d’un bioplastique pouvant se biodégrader naturellement en quelques jours sans avoir à être composté industriellement.The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the overproduction of plastic waste by manufacturing a bioplastic that can biodegrade naturally in a few days without having to be industrially composted.
- L’invention a également pour but de proposer un matériau répondant aux besoins de l’industrie, et en particulier aux besoins en plastiques à usage unique ou à faible durée de vie, présentant des propriétés mécaniques similaires aux alternatives d’origine pétrochimique.The invention also aims to provide a material that meets the needs of industry, and in particular the needs for single-use or short-lived plastics, having mechanical properties similar to alternatives of petrochemical origin.
- L’invention a également pour but de proposer un matériau à base de cellulose permettant de fabriquer une gamme de produits variée aux propriétés adaptables.The invention also aims to provide a cellulose-based material for manufacturing a varied range of products with adaptable properties.
- L’invention a également pour but de proposer un protocole permettant la fabrication des bioplastiques évoqués dans les objectifs précédents.The invention also aims to propose a protocol allowing the manufacture of the bioplastics mentioned in the previous objectives.
Cette invention repose sur la fabrication d’un bioplastique ayant notamment pour matières premières des graminées et des déchets verts non ligneux (sont regroupés sous cette appellation, dans le cadre de cette invention, entre autres, les végétaux suivants : feuilles mortes, résidus de tonte, mauvaises herbes, fleurs fanées). Ceux-ci agissent comme une charge permettant de renforcer les caractéristiques mécaniques du polymère fabriqué. Une des particularités de cette invention est l’utilisation indifférente de plusieurs végétaux comme source de cellulose. Un second composant, la glycérine, est également employé afin de modifier l’élasticité du matériau. La glycérine est un sous-produit de la transformation d’huiles et de graisses végétales, et est donc également d’origine naturelle. Selon une possibilité préférentielle, la matrice de bioplastique est produite à base d’amidon issu de farine de blé.This invention is based on the manufacture of a bioplastic whose raw materials include grasses and non-ligneous green waste (are grouped under this name, in the context of this invention, among others, the following plants: dead leaves, grass clippings , weeds, faded flowers). These act as a filler to reinforce the mechanical characteristics of the manufactured polymer. One of the particularities of this invention is the indifferent use of several plants as a source of cellulose. A second component, glycerin, is also used to modify the elasticity of the material. Glycerin is a by-product of the transformation of vegetable oils and fats, and is therefore also of natural origin. According to a preferential possibility, the bioplastic matrix is produced on the basis of starch from wheat flour.
Les graminées et les déchets verts ne sont pas utilisés directement. Il est nécessaire dans un premier temps d’extraire leurs différents composants ; la cellulose étant en particulier la substance d’intérêt. Néanmoins, une des particularités de cette invention est d’offrir la possibilité d’une extraction en plusieurs étapes, offrant la possibilité de récupérer tous les extractibles des graminées et des déchets verts. Ces extractibles, en plus de la cellulose précédemment citée, sont la lignine et l’hémicellulose (qui à eux trois forment les composants lignocellulosiques des déchets verts). Cette invention met donc l’emphase sur la récupération et le réemploi en tant que matières premières des principaux constituants des graminées et des déchets verts. Le bioplastique selon l’invention permet de ce fait d’importants gains économiques au travers de la réutilisation de déchets, une matière première peu onéreuse.Grasses and green waste are not used directly. It is first necessary to extract their different components; cellulose being in particular the substance of interest. Nevertheless, one of the particularities of this invention is to offer the possibility of an extraction in several stages, offering the possibility of recovering all the extractables from grasses and green waste. These extractables, in addition to the cellulose mentioned above, are lignin and hemicellulose (which together form the lignocellulosic components of green waste). This invention therefore emphasizes the recovery and reuse as raw materials of the main constituents of grasses and green waste. The bioplastic according to the invention therefore allows significant economic gains through the reuse of waste, an inexpensive raw material.
Le bioplastique selon cette invention est obtenu via moulage afin d’obtenir des feuilles de bioplastique, qui pourront par la suite être usinées en fonction des besoins de l’utilisateur. Selon une possibilité, les feuilles de bioplastiques obtenues en suivant le protocole détaillé plus bas peuvent ensuite être thermoformées. Le bioplastique selon l’invention est semi-transparent, flexible, ductile, lisse, d’une épaisseur inférieure à 1 millimètre, et d’une masse surfacique comprise entre 80 grammes par mètre carré et 200 grammes par mètre carré.The bioplastic according to this invention is obtained by molding in order to obtain sheets of bioplastic, which can then be machined according to the needs of the user. According to one possibility, the sheets of bioplastics obtained by following the protocol detailed below can then be thermoformed. The bioplastic according to the invention is semi-transparent, flexible, ductile, smooth, with a thickness of less than 1 millimeter, and with a surface mass of between 80 grams per square meter and 200 grams per square meter.
De plus, le bioplastique selon l’invention a également comme avantage de pouvoir se biodégrader entièrement en quelques jours une fois enterré, tout en ne nécessitant pas d’être composté industriellement.In addition, the bioplastic according to the invention also has the advantage of being able to fully biodegrade in a few days once buried, while not requiring industrial composting.
Cette invention se veut innovante notamment dans sa considération des impacts environnementaux imputables aux différentes phases de la vie du bioplastique fabriqué. Une attention toute particulière a été portée sur l’utilisation de réactifs chimiques qui peuvent aisément être neutralisés lors de la fabrication afin d’être sans danger lors de la fin de vie du bioplastique selon l’invention. Du fait de sa composition, le bioplastique selon l’invention ne pollue pas les sols et les eaux dans lesquels il se décompose. L’incinération du bioplastique selon l’invention peut aussi être envisagée, puisque les particules émises lors de sa combustion ne contiennent que très peu d’éléments nocifs, étant donnée de l’unique présence de matières premières d’origine naturelle dans le matériau. Le bioplastique selon l’invention a donc comme caractéristique de ne pas être toxique pour l’environnement lors de sa fin de vie (que ce soit lors de sa biodégradation, de son incinération ou lors de son recyclage).This invention is intended to be innovative, particularly in its consideration of the environmental impacts attributable to the different phases of the life of the manufactured bioplastic. Particular attention has been paid to the use of chemical reagents which can easily be neutralized during manufacture in order to be safe at the end of life of the bioplastic according to the invention. Due to its composition, the bioplastic according to the invention does not pollute the soils and waters in which it decomposes. The incineration of the bioplastic according to the invention can also be envisaged, since the particles emitted during its combustion contain only very few harmful elements, given the unique presence of raw materials of natural origin in the material. The bioplastic according to the invention therefore has the characteristic of not being toxic to the environment at the end of its life (whether during its biodegradation, its incineration or during its recycling).
Cette invention repose également sur le protocole de fabrication de bioplastique en utilisant les composants évoqués précédemment. Ce protocole se décompose en deux étapes principales : l’extraction et la purification des composants des graminées et des déchets verts d’une part, et la fabrication du bioplastique d'autre part.This invention is also based on the bioplastic manufacturing protocol using the components mentioned above. This protocol is divided into two main steps: the extraction and purification of the components of the grasses and green waste on the one hand, and the manufacture of the bioplastic on the other.
Brève description des figuresBrief description of figures
Claims (8)
- Cellulose issue de biomasse, majoritairement composée de graminées et de déchets verts non ligneux, dans un pourcentage compris entre 10 et 30% de la masse totale du bioplastique.
- un plastifiant d’origine naturelle, choisi parmi la glycérine, les esters, les esters de glycérine, les esters à base d’huiles végétales, les esters à base de polyols d’origine végétale ou les huiles végétales modifiées.
- une matrice d’origine naturelle, choisie parmi les amidons d’origine végétale, tels que les amidons de farine de blé ou de céréales, ou de tout autre végétal disponible localement.
- Cellulose from biomass, mainly composed of grasses and non-woody green waste, in a percentage between 10 and 30% of the total mass of the bioplastic.
- a plasticizer of natural origin, chosen from glycerine, esters, esters of glycerine, esters based on vegetable oils, esters based on polyols of vegetable origin or modified vegetable oils.
- a matrix of natural origin, chosen from starches of vegetable origin, such as starches of wheat flour or cereals, or of any other locally available vegetable.
- ait une biodégradation supérieure à 90% de sa masse initiale suivant une durée minimum de 8 jours suite à un enterrement ou à une mise en compostage.
- voit, après 3 mois de compostage avec des déchets organiques, la totalité de ses résidus supérieurs à 2 millimètres avoir une masse inférieure à 10% de sa masse initiale.
- has a biodegradation greater than 90% of its initial mass following a minimum period of 8 days following burial or composting.
- sees, after 3 months of composting with organic waste, all of its residues larger than 2 millimeters have a mass less than 10% of its initial mass.
- une limite élastique supérieure à 6,34 mégapascals.
- un module de Young supérieur à 212 mégapascals (correspondant au module de Young du bioplastique sans ajout de cellulose).
- une résistance à la traction supérieure à 7 mégapascals.
- an elastic limit greater than 6.34 megapascals.
- a Young's modulus greater than 212 megapascals (corresponding to the Young's modulus of the bioplastic without the addition of cellulose).
- a tensile strength greater than 7 megapascals.
- Lavage de la biomasse choisie à l’eau, suivi d’un séchage à l’air libre. La biomasse lavée et séchée est ensuite broyée jusqu’à obtenir des particules d’un diamètre de 1 millimètre de diamètre environ.
- Traitements successifs de la biomasse avec une solution d’hydroxyde de sodium suivis de filtrations à vide. La solution d’hydroxyde de sodium employée lors des traitements successifs de la biomasse possède une concentration molaire de 0.5 mole par litre et est chauffée à 60°C pendant 2 heures sous agitation magnétique.
- Traitement de la biomasse avec une solution de peroxyde d’hydrogène, possédant un pH proche de 11, à température ambiante pendant 24 heures, suivi d’une filtration à vide
- Traitement de la biomasse avec une solution d’acide chlorhydrique suivi d’une filtration à vide. La solution d’acide chlorhydrique employée lors du traitement de la biomasse est chauffée pendant 40 minutes à 80°C sous agitation magnétique.
- Réalisation d’une préparation consistant en une homogénéisation comprenant une matrice, un plastifiant et la cellulose issue de la biomasse préalablement traitée. Cette préparation consiste en une homogénéisation de la matrice et du plastifiant sous agitation magnétique, avec une température minimale de 85°C, pendant une durée de 60 minutes, puis de l’incorporation et de l’homogénéisation de la cellulose.
- Moulage et séchage de la préparation. Le moule employé est préférentiellement en silicone, et le séchage s’effectue à l’air libre ou dans un dessiccateur jusqu’à ce que la masse du bioplastique ne varie plus.
- Washing of the chosen biomass with water, followed by drying in the open air. The washed and dried biomass is then ground to obtain particles with a diameter of approximately 1 millimeter in diameter.
- Successive treatments of the biomass with a solution of sodium hydroxide followed by vacuum filtrations. The sodium hydroxide solution used during the successive treatments of the biomass has a molar concentration of 0.5 mole per liter and is heated at 60° C. for 2 hours with magnetic stirring.
- Treatment of the biomass with a hydrogen peroxide solution, having a pH close to 11, at room temperature for 24 hours, followed by vacuum filtration
- Treatment of the biomass with a hydrochloric acid solution followed by vacuum filtration. The hydrochloric acid solution used during the treatment of the biomass is heated for 40 minutes at 80° C. with magnetic stirring.
- Realization of a preparation consisting of a homogenization comprising a matrix, a plasticizer and the cellulose derived from the previously treated biomass. This preparation consists of homogenizing the matrix and the plasticizer with magnetic stirring, with a minimum temperature of 85° C., for a period of 60 minutes, then incorporating and homogenizing the cellulose.
- Molding and drying of the preparation. The mold used is preferably made of silicone, and the drying is carried out in the open air or in a desiccator until the mass of the bioplastic no longer varies.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109687A FR3126985A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2021-09-15 | Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol |
| FR2109687 | 2021-09-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3126987A1 true FR3126987A1 (en) | 2023-03-17 |
Family
ID=80595478
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109687A Pending FR3126985A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2021-09-15 | Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol |
| FR2113342A Pending FR3126987A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-11 | Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109687A Pending FR3126985A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2021-09-15 | Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (2) | FR3126985A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018021980A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | Ptt Public Company Limited | A bioplastic composition comprising biomass as a component and a production process |
| EP3305855A2 (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2018-04-11 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Bio-plastic composition containing wheat bran and bio-plastic film using same |
| WO2020115619A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | B V Padmanabha | Composition of a bioplastic and process for preparation of a bioplastic film |
-
2021
- 2021-09-15 FR FR2109687A patent/FR3126985A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-11 FR FR2113342A patent/FR3126987A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018021980A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | Ptt Public Company Limited | A bioplastic composition comprising biomass as a component and a production process |
| EP3305855A2 (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2018-04-11 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Bio-plastic composition containing wheat bran and bio-plastic film using same |
| WO2020115619A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | B V Padmanabha | Composition of a bioplastic and process for preparation of a bioplastic film |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| AGUSTIN MELISSA B ET AL: "Bioplastic based on starch and cellulose nanocrystals from rice straw", JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES, vol. 33, no. 24, 5 November 2014 (2014-11-05), US, pages 2205 - 2213, XP055948331, ISSN: 0731-6844, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/0731684414558325> DOI: 10.1177/0731684414558325 * |
| DEEPANJAN BHATTACHARYALOUIS T. GERMINARIOWILLIAM T. WINTER: "Isolation, preparation and characterization of cellulose microfibers obtained from bagasse", CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, vol. 73, no. 371, 2008, pages 377, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.12.005> |
| GEYER RJAMBECK JRLAW KL: "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made", SCI ADV, vol. 3, no. 7, 19 July 2017 (2017-07-19), pages el700782 |
| GILFILLAN WILLIAM N. ET AL: "Preparation and characterisation of composites from starch and sugar cane fibre", INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS, vol. 40, 24 February 2012 (2012-02-24), NL, pages 45 - 54, XP055948515, ISSN: 0926-6690, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.036 * |
| JOHN ROJASMAURICIO BEDOYAYHORS CIRO: "Current Trends in the Production of Cellulose Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomédical Applications", CELLULOSE - FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS AND CURRENT TRENDS, 9 December 2015 (2015-12-09) |
| MARICHELVAM, M.K.JAWAID, M.ASIM, M: "Corn and Rice Starch-Based Bio-Plastics as Alternative Packaging Materials", FIBERS, vol. 7, 2019, pages 32, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7040032> |
| MATHEUS POLETTOHEITOR LUIZ ORNAGHI JUNIOR, INTECHOPEN, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.5772/61334> |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3126985A1 (en) | 2023-03-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Motaung et al. | Critical review on agrowaste cellulose applications for biopolymers | |
| Gowman et al. | Fruit waste valorization for biodegradable biocomposite applications: A review | |
| Mori | Replacing all petroleum-based chemical products with natural biomass-based chemical products: a tutorial review | |
| Rosa et al. | Chlorine-free extraction of cellulose from rice husk and whisker isolation | |
| Chun et al. | Wood plastic composites made from corn husk fiber and recycled polystyrene foam | |
| Anugrahwidya et al. | Bioplastics starch-based with additional fiber and nanoparticle: characteristics and biodegradation performance: a review | |
| Pratama et al. | The extraction of cellulose powder of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as reinforcing agents in bioplastic | |
| Catto et al. | Characterization of polypropylene composites using yerba mate fibers as reinforcing filler | |
| Samarasekara et al. | Study of thermal and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose based thermoplastic material | |
| Parit et al. | Flexible, transparent, UV-protecting, water-resistant nanocomposite films based on polyvinyl alcohol and kraft lignin-grafted cellulose nanofibers | |
| Jadhav et al. | Production of green composites from various sustainable raw materials | |
| Puglia et al. | Revalorisation of Posidonia oceanica as reinforcement in polyethylene/maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene composites | |
| Pavalaydon et al. | Comparative evaluation of cellulose nanocrystals from bagasse and coir agro-wastes for reinforcing PVA-based composites | |
| KJ et al. | Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from red banana peduncle agro‐waste and application in environmentally friendly biocomposite film | |
| CA2072887A1 (en) | Decomposable plastic film having lignin as an active plant filler_ | |
| CN114015072A (en) | High-wear-resistance lignocellulose-based friction material derived from waste wood and preparation method thereof | |
| FR2954331A1 (en) | COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PLANT MATERIAL AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS | |
| Mayakun et al. | Characterization of a new natural cellulose fiber from Enhalus acoroides and its potential application | |
| Silva et al. | Effect of alkaline treatment and coupling agent on thermal and mechanical properties of macadamia nutshell residues based PP composites | |
| Bahloul et al. | Starch bio-nanocomposites based on phosphorylated and sulphated cellulose nanocrystals extracted from pepper plant residue: effect of surface functionality on property improvements | |
| Koeipudsa et al. | Development of natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal isolated from oil palm biomass | |
| Li et al. | Biodegradable, colorless, and odorless PLA/PBAT bioplastics incorporated with corn stover | |
| FR3126987A1 (en) | Bioplastic offering rapid biodegradation, made from grasses and non-woody green waste, and its manufacturing protocol | |
| Eng et al. | Compositional and morphological changes of chemical modified oil palm mesocarp fiber by alkaline bleaching and silane coupling agents | |
| JP2010209305A (en) | Method for producing eco-friendly biodegradable resin composite material by using vegetable waste and method for forming the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 2 |
|
| PLSC | Publication of the preliminary search report |
Effective date: 20230317 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 3 |