FR3118182A1 - Method for checking the tightening state of an electrical installation, associated device and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the tightening state of an electrical installation, the method comprising steps of: - data acquisition at a control point (10) of the electrical installation by a device (100) for tightening state control connected to the control point, - processing of the data acquired by data processing means (106) to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 2a

Description

Method for checking the tightening state of an electrical installation, associated device and system

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present innovation relates to the field of the detection of tightening faults in an electrical network, in particular a low voltage distribution network.

The present innovation relates in particular to a method for checking the state of tightening of an electrical installation, device and associated system.

STATE OF THE ART

Tightening faults in electrical installations are a well-known problem, among others by manufacturers.

Tightening faults are the cause of overheating of the conductors, or even fires in the most serious cases. Their detection is therefore essential to avoid accelerated aging of electrical equipment, a loss of integrity, and in the most extreme cases to avoid fires.

To anticipate these risks, it is known to carry out a periodic inspection of the electrical installations in the premises where they are located, in particular on the high-power parts of the installations.

These inspections are carried out at the electrical cabinets of the installation, using a thermal camera. The thermal camera allows the operator or operators who use it to detect any hot spots located within an electrical panel or in electrical outlets, signs of overheating that can lead to the aforementioned failures and incidents. By electrical outlet, we mean the connection terminals comprising a male member and a female member

This tightening defect detection method has several drawbacks.

The circuit studied must be under load and have sufficient current flow. For example, only loaded feeders, i.e. connected to loads in operation, can be analyzed by the thermal method. Unloaded feeders, i.e. connected to non-operating loads, or standby feeders, i.e. not connected to a load, cannot be analyzed because no current does not circulate at their level.

This method only makes it possible to check the areas accessible to a measurement by the thermal camera and only makes it possible to check the state of the circuit at the level of the point targeted by the thermal camera. It therefore only offers a partial view of the entire circuit. It does not make it possible to evaluate the system from the socket to the electrical cabinet, passing through any distributors such as additional boxes or junction boxes.

In addition, this method does not make it possible to guarantee over time a follow-up of the evolution of the phenomena linked to the loss of integrity of the tightening, because it is very subject to electrotechnical factors (level of current transit, etc.) and external ( room temperatures, operating point and proximity to surrounding equipment, etc., which do not allow the present tightening faults to be characterized.

Moreover, this method does not make it possible to test the circuits left in reserve or little used, because rare or weak presence of a current in these circuits does not allow the realization of the thermal tests.

Moreover, the methods practiced today do not provide an overview of the installation and only focus on enclosures within which a current flows.

An object of the invention is to solve at least one of these drawbacks. One object of the invention is in particular to provide a more efficient method of detecting a tightening fault. One object of the invention is in particular to provide a detection method which allows a broader view of the electrical installation to be obtained. Another object of the invention is in particular to provide a method guaranteeing.

To this end, a method for checking the tightening state of an electrical installation is proposed, the method comprising the steps of:

- acquisition of data at a control point, for example of the electrical installation, by a tightening state control device electrically connected, for example electrically connected, to the control point,

- processing of the acquired data, for example by means of data processing, to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect.

The method may include the following characteristics, taken alone or according to any of their technically possible combinations:

- solicitation at the control point by one or more controllable load(s) and/or source(s) of the device;

- measurement of said stress by measuring means of the device;

- the processing step comprises a step of obtaining at least one impedance, for example an upstream impedance, at the control point, for example the real part and/or the complex part of the impedance, from the data acquired;

- the processing step comprises a voltage and/or current calculation step from the data acquired in the acquisition step, the impedance calculation step comprising the calculation of sudden variation(s) ) the calculated voltage and/or current and the calculation of the impedance from the calculated variation(s), the impedance comprising a short-circuit impedance;

- the electrical installation is multiphase and the impedance is obtained for each phase;

- the processing step comprises a voltage and/or current calculation step from the data acquired in the acquisition step, the impedance calculation step comprising the determination, among the data acquired, for example for each phase k of the electrical installation, a maximum of the difference between: - a voltage at the control point before injection by the load and/or controllable source or after the injection of the load has stopped and/ or controllable source, and - a voltage at the control point during injection by the load and/or controllable source;

- repeating the acquisition step and the step and the impedance obtaining step until a predetermined number of impedance values are obtained;

- the data processing step comprises a step for evaluating the existence of a risk of a tightening fault, comprising an estimation of the drift over time of the calculated impedances, for example over a time observation window of drift of duration greater than or equal to one month;

- the data processing step comprises a step for evaluating the existence of a tightening defect, comprising a step for comparing the impedance(s) calculated at the step for calculating impedance, for example validated at the validation step, for example stored at the storage step, at one or more predetermined threshold(s), for example for each phase.

There is also proposed a tightening state control device or tightening state control system comprising a tightening state control device, the device comprising a controllable circuit configured to be able to be electrically connected, for example connected electrically, at a control point of an electrical installation, the controllable circuit comprising one or more controllable load(s) and/or source(s), the device being configured to control the load(s) and / or controllable source(s) so as to perform a stress at the control point, and to measure said stress, in order to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of Tightening.

The device may include the following characteristics, taken alone or according to any of their technically possible combinations:

- one or more connector(s) adapted to be positioned at the level of the electrical installation to ensure the connection of the controllable circuit to the control point.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

There schematically illustrates an electrical installation comprising a control device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There schematically illustrates a control device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There schematically illustrates a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There is a flowchart of steps of a control method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There is a step-by-step flowchart of the process for controlling the .

There schematically illustrates an example of variation of the current vector during an injection step of the process for controlling the .

There schematically illustrates examples of Gaussian distribution of impedance values for different phases according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There schematically illustrates an impedance modulus evolution over time according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

In all the figures, similar elements bear identical references.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Electrical installation and electrical network

With reference to the , an electrical network is described comprising an electrical installation 11. The electrical installation 11 can form a circuit, for example a low voltage circuit, for example direct or alternating, for example alternating in voltage and/or in current, for example single-phase or polyphase, for example three-phase, the circuit possibly comprising a neutral. The electrical network may comprise a power supply network 1, for example arranged upstream of the electrical installation 11. The power supply network 1 can form an electrical source for the electrical installation 11.

By upstream, we mean in the direction of the supply network 1, facing the supply network 1. By downstream, we mean in the opposite direction to that of the supply network 1, diverted from the supply network 1. The upstream is for example represented by the direction 110 and the downstream is for example represented by the direction 111 on the .

The electrical installation may comprise one or more transformer(s) 2. The transformer(s) are for example suitable for modifying the voltage and/or current values, for example current, of the current delivered by the power supply network. supply, in voltage and/or current values suitable for the electrical installation 11. The transformer(s) are for example electrically connected to the power supply network 1, for example by means of a cable 612, for example an electrical network cable.

The electrical installation 11 may comprise an electrical panel 3 comprising at least one outlet 5, for example a plurality of outlets 5. The outlets 5 are for example arranged in parallel. The electrical panel 3 is for example electrically connected to the transformer(s) 2, for example by means of a cable or directly to one another or to the others.

The electrical installation 11, for example the electrical panel 3, can comprise one or more cut-off device(s) 4, for example a cut-off device 4 for each departure 5. Each departure 5 is for example electrically connected to the transformer or transformers (S) through the associated cut-off device 4.

Among the feeder(s) 5, at least one feeder 5, for example each feeder of a plurality of feeders 5 among the feeders 5, can be electrically connected to a downstream circuit 12, extending downstream of said feeder 5 and from said departure 5. Each downstream circuit 12 can comprise one or more distribution box(es) 7. The or at least one of the distribution boxes of at least one of the downstream circuits 12 can include at least two downstream sub-circuits s extending in parallel downstream of the distribution box 7.

The different elements of each downstream circuit can be connected to each other by means of circuit and/or cable portions corresponding to resistors 6.

Among the downstream circuits 12, one or more downstream circuit(s) 12 can comprise one or more load(s) 8 and/or one or more motor(s) 8.

At least one control device 100 as described below can be arranged at a control point 10 of the electrical installation 11. With reference to the , there is thus described an assembly comprising the control device 100, and the electrical network or the electrical installation 11.

The measurement point 10 can be a point of the electrical installation 11. In the case of a polyphase circuit, for example three-phase, the control point 10 can comprise a point at the level of a plurality of phases, for example of each phase, and in particular a point at neutral level, for example if the neutral is distributed.

A control method as described above can be implemented at control point 10.

The electrical installation 11 can be an electrical installation of an industrial site, for example of a nuclear power plant.

The electrical installation 11 may include a tightening fault 20 or a risk of a tightening fault 20.

Control device and system

Control device

With reference to the , there is described a device 100 for checking the tightening state, for example adapted to check the tightening state of an electrical installation 11, for example the electrical installation 11 described above. The electrical installation 11 is for example powered, that is to say it has a voltage. The electrical installation 11 can be at least partially unloaded, for example comprising one or more unloaded parts. When the electrical installation 11 is at least partially unloaded, for example comprises one or more unloaded parts, the electrical installation, for example the part(s), does not operate at its (their) rated power, e.g. no or very little electrical power is absorbed by the load(s) associated with the electrical installation, e.g. part(s).

The device can be configured to be used by the method as described below, for example configured to implement the data acquisition step as described below.

The device 100 can comprise a controllable circuit 104, for example for measuring voltage(s) and/or current(s), for example single-phase voltage and/or current, and/or for example voltages and/or polyphase currents. The device 100, for example the controllable circuit 104, is configured to be able to be connected to the electrical installation 11, for example electrically connected, for example at the level of a control point 10, for example at a control point 10 of electrical installation 11.

The device 100, for example the controllable circuit 104, comprises one or more controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102. The device 100 is configured to control the load(s) and/or source(s) (s) controllable (s) 102, for example so as to perform a request to the checkpoint (10).

The device 100 can be configured to measure the stress, for example to measure the modification associated with the control point (10), for example in order to evaluate the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of defect Clamping.

It is thus possible to effectively detect a tightening fault in an electrical installation, under load or not. It is thus possible to carry out detection both during the period of operation of the installation and during a period of shutdown, in particular for maintenance operations.

Control system

With reference to the , there is described a tightening state control system, for example adapted to check the tightening state of an electrical installation. 11, for example the electrical installation 11 described above. The electrical installation 11 is for example powered, that is to say it has a voltage. The electrical installation 11 can be at least partially unloaded, for example comprising one or more unloaded parts. When the electrical installation 11 is at least partially unloaded, for example comprises one or more unloaded parts, the electrical installation, for example the part(s), does not operate at its (their) rated power, e.g. no or very little electrical power is absorbed by the load(s) associated with the electrical installation, e.g. part(s).

The system may include device 100.

Connector(s)

The device 100, for example the controllable circuit 104, can comprise one or more connector(s) 105 adapted to be positioned at the level of the electrical installation 11 to ensure the electrical connection of the device 100, for example of the controllable circuit 104, to the electrical installation 11, for example at the level of a control point 10. For each phase and/or neutral of the electrical installation 11, one of the connector(s) 105 may correspond, the corresponding connector being adapted to be positioned at said phase or said neutral at the control point 10, if the neutral is distributed, so that the device can be connected, for example electrically connected, to all phases and/or neutral. The conductor(s) is or are for example one or more phase and/or neutral conductor(s).

Controllable load(s) and/or source(s)

The controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 is or are, for example, single-phase. The controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 is or are suitable for example to be connected, for example electrically connected, to the control point 10, by example through the controllable circuit 104, through the connector(s) 105. For each phase of the electrical installation 11, one of the controllable load(s) and/or sources 102 may correspond , the corresponding controllable load and/or source 102 being adapted to be connected, for example electrically connected, to said phase at the level of the control point 10, for example through the corresponding connector 105, the corresponding connector 105 and the load and / or corresponding controllable source 102 being for example connected, for example electrically connected, through a cable or a corresponding circuit portion 107 as described below.

The controllable circuit 104 can be arranged so that the or each controllable load and/or source 102 is arranged at the level of a corresponding first portion 107 of the controllable circuit 104. For each controllable load and/or source 102, the corresponding connector 105 can be arranged at the corresponding portion 107, for example at a first end of the first corresponding portion 107. The or each controllable load and/or source 102 can be connected, for example electrically connected, to the connector 105 corresponding to the neutral, for example by means of a second portion 108, called neutral, of the controllable circuit 104. The second portion 108 can extend between the connector 105 corresponding to the neutral and a second end of the or each first portion 107. The first portions 107 are for example arranged in parallel. The controllable loads and/or sources 102 are for example arranged in parallel. The controllable loads and/or sources 102, and/or the first portions 107 are for example electrically connected together at their respective second ends.

The controllable load or loads 102 can be single-phase and/or of fixed impedance. The controllable source or sources 102 can be single-phase, for example of fixed current and variable angle between the current and the voltage, that is to say that the angle between the current and the voltage is variable.

The controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 may be or comprise a resistive and/or inductive module and/or a module comprising a power electronics component.

Measurement and Means of measurement

The device 100 can be configured to perform the measurements, for example the potential and/or voltage and/or current measurements, associated with the control point 10. The device can be configured to perform the measurements of potential, for example for each phase and/or neutral, and/or of voltage, for example of voltage between each phase and the neutral, and/or of current, for example for each phase and/or neutral, for example associated ( e)(s) at the checkpoint 10. To do this, the device 100 can comprise measuring means. The device 100, for example the measuring means, can include a measuring unit 101.

The measurement unit 101 may comprise, for each connector 105, a corresponding potential measurement element 1011 electrically connected to the corresponding connector 105, for example through the corresponding controllable circuit portion 104, for example of the first portion 107 or corresponding second portion 108. For each connector 5 corresponding to a phase, the corresponding potential measurement element 1011 is for example arranged at the level of the corresponding first portion 107, for example between the corresponding load and/or controllable source 102 and the corresponding connector 5. For the connector 5 corresponding to the neutral, the corresponding potential measurement element 1011 is for example arranged at the level of the second portion 108, for example between the second end(s) of the first end(s). ) portion (s) 107 and the connector 5 corresponding to the neutral.

The measurement unit 101 may comprise, for each connector 105, a corresponding current measurement element 1012 electrically connected to the corresponding connector 105, for example through the corresponding controllable circuit portion 104, for example of the first portion 107 or corresponding second portion 108. For each connector 5 corresponding to a phase, the corresponding current measuring element 1012 is for example arranged at the level of the corresponding first portion 107, for example between the load and/or controllable source 102 corresponding and the corresponding connector 5, by example so that the corresponding potential measurement element 1011 is arranged between the load and/or corresponding controllable source 102 and the corresponding current measurement element 1012. For the connector 5 corresponding to the neutral, the corresponding current measuring element 1012 is for example arranged at the level of the corresponding second portion 108, for example between the second end(s) of the first end(s). s) portion(s) 107 and the connector 5 corresponding to the neutral, for example so that the corresponding potential measuring element 1011 is arranged between the second end(s) of the first end(s) ) portion(s) 107 and the corresponding current measuring element 1012 .

The measurement unit 101 can form a single potential and/or voltage and/or current measurement unit. Alternatively, the measurement unit 101 can comprise a potential and/or voltage measurement subunit and a separate current measurement subunit.

The measurement means can comprise storage means, for example one or more memory(s), and/or calculation means, for example one or more processor(s).

Ordering means and data processing means

The device 100 can be configured to control the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102, for example so as to perform a stress on the control point (10), for example so as to generate a modification, for example a current and/or voltage modification, associated with the control point (10). Device 100 may include control means. The device 100, for example the control means, can comprise a control unit 103 configured to control the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102, for example so as to generating the change in current and/or voltage at the control point (10). The control unit 103 can be configured to control the load(s) and/or controllable source(s) 102. The control unit can be in communication with each load and/or controllable source 102, for example through an electrical connection, for example wired, for example through a cable. The controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 can, for example, be controlled so as to allow its or their connection and/or its or their disconnection, and/or so as to allow the supply of a current and/or a voltage given by said load and/or controllable source 102.

The device 100 and/or the system, for example the control means and/or the measuring means, for example the control unit 103 and/or the measuring unit 101, can be configured )s to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect, for example from the measured stress. To do this, the device 100 and/or the system, for example the control means and/or the measuring means, for example the control unit 103 and/or the measuring unit 101, can comprise data processing means, for example at least one data processing unit 106, for example several data processing unit(s) 106 in communication with each other, configured to evaluate the existence of a fault tightening and/or a risk of tightening defect, for example from the measured stress. The device 100 can comprise the data processing means 106. The system can comprise the data processing means, the data processing means 106 being for example distinct from the device 100, for example configured to be in communication with the device 100 The data processing means 106 can be distributed from the data processing means of the device 100 and from the data processing means separate from the device, for example configured to be in communication with each other. For example, the data processing means 106 can be distributed between the data processing units, for example the device 100 comprising at least one of the data processing units, at least one of the data processing units being distinct from device 100.

The control means can comprise storage means, for example one or more memory(s), and/or calculation means, for example one or more processor(s). The data processing means storage means, for example one or more memory(s), and/or calculation means, for example one or more processor(s).

The device 100 can comprise the control means, for example the control unit 103. Alternatively, the system can comprise the control means, for example the control unit 103, the control means, for example the control unit 103, being at least partially distinct from the device 100, the control means, for example the control unit 103 being able to be configured to communicate with the device 100 and/or with the processing means, for example via wired or wireless communication, for example via local communication, for example via a local network, or via remote communication, for example through a remote network.

The device 100 can comprise the processing means, for example the or at least one of, or the processing unit(s) 106. Alternatively, the system can comprise the processing means, for example the processing unit 106 , the processing means, for example the or at least one of, or the processing unit(s) 106, being at least partially separate(s) from the device 100, the processing means, for example the or at least one of the processing unit(s) 106, which can be configured to communicate with the device 100 and/or with the control means, for example by means of a wired or wireless communication, for example via local communication, for example via a local network, or via remote communication, for example via a remote network.

Similarly, the device 100 can be configured to communicate with the control means and/or with the processing means, for example via wired or wireless communication, for example via local communication, for example via a local network, or via remote communication, for example via a remote network

The control unit 103 may be in communication with, for example electrically connected, to the measurement unit 101, for example so that the control unit 103 can receive data from the measurement unit 101. control unit 3 is for example configured to make the link between the measurement unit 101 and the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102. The control unit 103 can be configured to analyze the measurements, for example the electrical quantities, measured by the measurement unit 101 and/or supplied by the controllable circuit 104. The control unit 103 can be configured to control the load(s) and/or source (s) controllable (s) 102 according to the data received from the measurement unit 101.

The measuring unit 101 and the control unit 103 can be two distinct units or form one and the same unit.

The device 100 can be configured to perform the measurements by means of the measurement unit 101 and/or to issue commands by means of the control unit 103, with a sampling frequency, the sampling frequency being for example synchronized to the frequency of the electrical installation 11. An observation window of at least one period of the electrical installation 11 can be used before and after any load variation, to guarantee maximum precision and allow the calculation of a characteristic electrical quantity, for example as described in the obtaining step 2031, for example in the impedance calculation step 309.

Display means

The device 100 and/or the system, for example the measuring means 101 and/or the control means 103 and/or the processing means 106, can comprise display means 109. display 109 may include a terminal and/or a screen.

Process

General description of the process

With reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b, a method for checking the tightening state of the electrical installation 11 is described.

The method may comprise a step 201 of acquiring data at a checkpoint 10, for example the checkpoint 10 described above, for example by a device 100 for checking the tightening state, for example the device 100 described above, the device 100 being for example connected, for example electrically connected, to the control point 10, for example electrically connected to the control point, for example by means of the connector(s) 105 positioned at the checkpoint level 10.

The acquisition step 201 can be controlled and/or triggered by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

The method may include a step 203 of processing the acquired data to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect. The processing step 203 can be implemented by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means 103 and/or the data processing means 106.

It is thus possible to effectively detect a tightening fault in an electrical installation, under load or not. It is thus possible to carry out detection both during the period of operation of the installation and during a period of shutdown, in particular for maintenance operations.

It is thus possible to follow over time the evolution of phenomena related to the loss of integrity of the tightening due to the reproducibility of the measurement over time.

This method also makes it possible to obtain a broader vision than the situation at one point, by making it possible to calculate an electrical quantity characteristic of an entire part of the electrical installation, for example characteristic of the upstream of the control point.

The method can be implemented by the system, and/or by the device 100 and/or the control means and/or the processing means and/or the display means.

The method can be implemented at several control points 10 of the electrical installation 11.

Installation step

The method may include, for example prior to the data acquisition step, a step of placing 301 the device 100 at a checkpoint.

The installation step 301 can include the connection of the controllable circuit 104 of the device 100 to the electrical installation 11, for example at the level of the control point 10, for example which forms a measurement point 10.

The installation step 301 may include the positioning of the connector(s) at the level of the electrical installation, for example to ensure the connection of the device 100, for example of the controllable circuit 104, to the electrical installation 11 , for example at a control point 10. The installation step 301 can comprise, for each phase and/or neutral of the electrical installation 11, the positioning of one of the connector(s) 105 at said phase or said neutral at control point 10, for example so that device 100 is connected, for example electrically connected, to all phases and/or neutral.

Solicitation stage

The method, for example the data acquisition step 201, can comprise at least one step 303 of requesting a control point 10 by the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 of the clamping state control device 100. The solicitation step 303 can be carried out after the installation step 301.

The stress at checkpoint 10 may include or be a change, such as a change in current and/or voltage, associated with checkpoint 10.

The solicitation step 303 at a control point 10 can comprise the control, for example by the control means, for example by the control unit 103, of the load(s) and/or source(s) controllable(s) 102 of clamping state, for example so as to perform a stress on the control point 10, for example so as to generate a modification, for example a modification of current and/or voltage, associated with the point of control 10. The controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102 can, for example, be controlled so as to allow its or their connection and/or its or their disconnection, and/or so as to allow the supply of a given current and/or voltage by said load and/or controllable source 102.

The solicitation step 303 can be controlled and/or triggered by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

The solicitation step 303 can include a synchronization of the device 100, for example with each load, so as to allow the connection of the load and/or of the source at the most opportune moment, for example when the voltage is maximum at the point control 10. It is thus possible to obtain better values for the processing 203 of data.

Measurement step

The method, for example the data acquisition step, can comprise a step 305 of measuring said stress, for example by the device 100, for example by the measuring means a unit of measurement, for example for each step of solicitation 303.

The measurement step 305 can be performed at the same time as the solicitation step 303. The measurement step 305 can include, for example for each phase and/or for the neutral, the measurement of the corresponding potential, and/or for each phase, the measurement of the current, for example of the intensity, corresponding.

The measuring step is for example implemented by the device 100, for example by the measuring unit 101.

The measurement step 305 can be controlled and/or triggered by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

Processing step

The method, for example the processing step 203, can comprise the processing of the stress measured at the acquisition step 201, to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of defect clamping, for example by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

The processing step 203 can be performed after any acquisition step. It is thus possible to obtain all the data at once. Alternatively, the processing step may comprise the control of the additional data acquisition, for example the repetition of the acquisition step 201, for example with identical or different parameters. It is thus possible to optimize the acquisition of data using the processing of data already acquired.

Step of obtaining at least one electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation.

The method, for example the processing step 203, can comprise a step 2031 for obtaining an electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example from the stress measured, for example of one or more such electrical quantity(s). The electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation may be or may include an impedance. The impedance is for example an upstream impedance, for example an upstream short-circuit impedance, for example a short-circuit impedance upstream of the control point 10, the impedance being for example a complex impedance and/or an impedance apparent, and/or the resistive part of the impedance, and/or the reactive part of the impedance. Alternatively or in addition, the characteristic electrical quantity(s) of the state of at least part of the installation may be or may comprise a short-circuit power and/or a current of short circuit. The obtaining step 2031 can be implemented for example by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

Calculation step of first electrical quantity(s)

The method, for example the processing step 203, for example the step of obtaining 2031, can comprise a step of calculating first electrical quantity(s) 307, for example at the checkpoint 10 , for example from the data acquired at the acquisition step 201, for example from the measurement step 305. The first electrical quantity(s) 307 can be one or more intermediate quantity(s) making it possible to calculate the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation.

The step of calculating first electrical quantity(s) 307 can comprise the calculation, for example consecutively, of several electrical quantities, for example continuously, for example from a waveform from the or each potential measured at the measurement step 305, for example for each phase, and for example from the potential measured at the measurement step 305 for the neutral, and/or from a waveform of the current measured at measurement step 305, for example for each phase.

The first calculated electrical quantity(s) can include, for each phase, for example for each phase of the electrical installation 11, the voltage, for example the vector voltage V _k , for example the amplitude and the phase of the voltage, between the corresponding phase k and the neutral. Alternatively or in addition, the calculated electrical quantity(s) can include, for each phase, for example for each phase of the electrical installation 11, the current, for example the current vector I _k , for example the amplitudes and the phase of the current, of the corresponding phase k. Alternatively or in addition, the calculated electrical quantity(s) can include, for each phase, for example for each phase of the electrical installation 11, the active power P _k and the reactive power Q _k of the corresponding phase k.

The step of calculating first electrical quantity(s) 307 can be implemented for example by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

Step of calculating at least one electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation

The method, for example the processing step 203, for example the obtaining step 2031, can comprise, for example after the step of calculating primary electrical quantity(s) 307, a step of calculating the electrical magnitude(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation 309, for example of the impedance 309. The impedance can be calculated by means of the first electrical quantity(s) calculated.

The step of calculating electrical magnitude(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example impedance 309, can be implemented for example by the system and/or the device 100, for example the control means and/or the processing means.

First embodiment

Solicitation stage

The solicitation step 303 can include a step 303a for supplying a load 303a by the or each controllable load 102. The controllable load or loads 102 can be single-phase and/or of fixed impedance. The load supply step 303a can include the connection of the or each controllable load 102. The load supply step 303a can include, for example after the connection, the disconnection of the or each controllable load 102. load supply step 303a may comprise a series of such connections and such disconnections, for example according to an all-or-nothing method. The connection and the disconnection can thus be repeated several times or comprise several repetitions, for example until a distribution according to a Gaussian is obtained whose width at mid-height and/or standard deviation is considered valid because sufficiently close to a reference value, which makes it possible to ensure repeatability. The verification of the obtaining of a Gaussian can be carried out within the framework of the step of repetition 311, for example of validation 3113, described below. Each connection can be made during a predefined time range Δt. The width of the time range Δt can be predefined, for example according to a compromise between the accuracy, which is an increasing function of the width of the time range Δt, and the preponderance of the useful signal with respect to the noise, the noise being for example due to the fluctuations of the network formed by the electrical installation 11, which is a decreasing function of the width of the time range. The width of the time range Δt can be greater than or equal to 10 ms, for example less than or equal to 200 ms, for example between 20 and 60 ms, for example between 30 and 50 ms, for example 40 ms. The width is for example determined so as to ensure a signal/noise ratio greater than or equal to a given value, for example between 0.5 and 4%, for example 0.5 and 2%, 1%. Each connection can be preceded, and/or each disconnection can be followed, and/or each connection-disconnection pair can be separated from the other connection-disconnection pairs, by an observation window, the observation window having a greater duration or equal to one period of the electrical installation 11.

Measurement step

The measurement step 305 may include a first measurement step 305a performed at the same time as the supply step 303a. Alternatively or in addition, the measurement step 305 can comprise a second measurement step 305b carried out at the same time as the injection step 303b.

Calculation step of first electrical quantity(s)

The first calculated electrical quantity(s) can be calculated in a sliding manner over time, for example over low window widths, for example less than ten seconds, for example less or equal to the time difference elapsed during the observation window when the charge supply step 303a was implemented.

The step of calculating electrical quantity(s) 307 can comprise a first step of calculating electrical quantity(s) 307a carried out from the measurement(s) carried out at the first measurement step 303a.

Step of calculating the electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation

The step of calculating electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example impedance 309 can comprise, for example when the step of supplying load 303a has been implemented, for example from the electrical quantity(s) calculated in the first stage of calculation of electrical quantity(s) 307a, a first step of calculation of quantity (s) electrical characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the installation, for example of impedance 309a, for example according to a method of calculating ΔU/ΔI, with U the voltage and I the current, for example intensity, at checkpoint 10.

The first step of calculating electrical magnitude(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example impedance 309a, can comprise a variation calculation sub-step ( s) 309a1, for example sudden variation(s), also called transient variation(s), of the voltage ΔV _k and/or of the current ΔI _k , for example for each phase k measured . The sudden variations calculation sub-step 309a1 can comprise, for example for each phase, the calculation of the voltage difference and/or the current difference observed between the voltage and/or the current measured s during a first time interval when the corresponding load is connected and the voltage and/or the current measured during an observation window adjacent to said time interval when the corresponding load is connected, i.e. say during a second time interval when the corresponding load is connected adjacent to the first time interval. The sudden variations calculation sub-step 309a1 can comprise, for example for each phase, the calculation of the voltage difference and/or of the current difference observed between a voltage and/or a current corresponding to a window observation before a connection (A) or after a disconnection, for example the last voltage and/or the last current corresponding to an observation window before a connection (A), and a voltage and/or a current corresponding to a connection (B), for example between a connection and the immediately successive disconnection, for example the first voltage and/or the first current measured after a connection, for example during a connection-disconnection. Alternatively, the voltage difference and/or current difference observed could be the difference between the last voltage and/or the last current corresponding to an observation window before a disconnection (A), the first voltage and /or the first current measured after a disconnection, for example during a disconnection-connection. Preferably, the sudden variations calculation sub-step 309a1 can comprise, for example for each phase, the calculation of the observed voltage difference and the calculation of the observed current difference between a voltage, respectively a current, corresponding to an observation window before a connection (A) or after a disconnection, and a voltage and, respectively, a current corresponding to a connection (B). We thus have a voltage difference ΔV _k = V _k,B – V _k,A , and ΔI _k = I _k,B – I _k,A

The first impedance calculation step 309a can comprise a short-circuit impedance calculation sub-step 309a2, for example for each phase k, for example from the variations calculated during the variation calculation sub-step (s) 309a1, for example in the form Zcc _k = ΔV _k / ΔI _k , where Zcc is the short-circuit impedance.

Second embodiment

Solicitation stage

The solicitation step 303 can comprise a step 303b for injecting a current and/or a given voltage(s) by the or each controllable source 102. The controllable source(s) 102 can be single-phase (s), for example of fixed current and variable angle between current and voltage, i.e. the angle between current and voltage is variable, for example each forming an inverter, for example a four-quadrant inverter, with for example as quadrants P _k <0, P _k >0, Q _k <0 and Q _k >0, Q _k being the reactive power and P _k of the phase k being the active power of the phase k.

The injection step 303b can comprise, for example after the injection, the stopping of the injection by the or each controllable source 102. The injection step 303b can comprise a series of such injections and such injection stops, for example according to an all-or-nothing method. Each injection of the series can be associated with a given Q _k /P _k ratio, the Q _k /P _k ratio being able to vary between the injections so that among the injections at least several injections are associated with Q _k /P _k ratios different. The injection and the stoppage of injection can thus be repeated several times or comprise several repetitions, for example for different Q _k /P _k ratios, for example until a distribution according to a Gaussian whose width at half-height and/or the standard deviation is considered valid because it is sufficiently close to a reference value, which makes it possible to ensure repeatability. The verification of the obtaining of a Gaussian can be carried out within the framework of the step of repetition 311, for example of validation 3113, described below. Each injection can be performed during a predefined time range Δt. The width of the time range Δt can be predefined, for example according to a compromise between the accuracy, which is an increasing function of the width of the time range Δt, and the preponderance of the useful signal with respect to the noise, the noise being for example due to the fluctuations of the network formed by the electrical installation 11, which is a decreasing function of the width of the time range. The width of the time range Δt can be greater than or equal to 10 ms, for example less than or equal to 200 ms, for example between 20 and 60 ms, for example between 30 and 50 ms, for example 40 ms. The width is for example determined so as to ensure a signal/noise ratio greater than or equal to a given value, for example between 0.5 and 4%, for example 0.5 and 2%, 1%. Each injection can be preceded, and/or each injection stop can be followed, and/or each injection-injection stop pair can be separated from the other injection-injection stop pairs, by a window of observation, the observation window having a duration greater than or equal to a period of the electrical installation 11.

The injection step 303b can comprise a variation of a Q _k /P _k ratio, for example by means of a vector variation, for example by a variation of angle of the current vector I associated with the controllable source 102, for example with at least one injection – injection stop for each value of the ratio Q _k /P _k for which a request is made, for example so as to allow obtaining the real parts R _k and imaginary X _k of the impedance of phase k, for example the upstream impedance at checkpoint 10 during the impedance calculation step 309 described below. The injection step 303b, for example the variation of the current vector I can be carried out by keeping the effective value I _effk of the current vector I _k and by varying its angle.

There schematically illustrates the variation of the current vector Ik during the injection step 303b. Vk,A represents the vector voltage at the control point before the injection of the controllable source 102 or after the injection of the controllable source has stopped, for example for a phase k. Vk,B represents the vector voltage at control point 10 during injection by controllable source 102, for example for phase k. Vk,A represents for example the vector voltage before the injection or after stopping the injection, for example the last voltage corresponding to an observation window before the injection or the first voltage corresponding to an observation window after stopping the injection. For the observation window, Vk,B represents the vector voltage between the injection and the stop of the injection, for example the first voltage measured after the start of the injection or the last before the stop of the injection.

When the ratio Q _k /P _k of the source and/or load varies, for phase k, the angle φ _k of the current vector Ik varies and the vector ΔU _k , defined by ΔU _k = Z _k .I _k = R _k .I _k + jX _k .I _k , where j is the complex operator, and Z _k is the complex impedance, rotates around the end of V _k,B drawing the circle C.

Measurement step

The measuring step 305 can comprise a second measuring step 305b carried out at the same time as the injection step 303b, for example of measuring potential(s) or voltage, and/or current, for example intensity, for each phase.

Calculation stage of electrical quantity(s)

The first calculated electrical quantity(s) can be calculated in a sliding manner over time, for example over low window widths, for example less than ten seconds, for example less or equal to the time difference elapsed during the observation window when the injection step 303b was implemented.

The step of calculating electrical quantity(s) 307 can comprise a second step of calculating electrical quantity(s) 307b carried out from the measurement(s) carried out at the second measuring step 303b.

Second step of calculating the electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation

The step of calculating electrical quantity(s) characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the installation, for example of impedance 309, can comprise, for example when the step of injection 303b has been implemented, for example from the electrical quantity(s) calculated in the second step of calculating electrical quantity(s) 307b, a second step of calculating quantity( s) electrical characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the installation, for example of impedance 309b, for example according to a ΔU/U method, U being the voltage at the checkpoint.

The second impedance calculation step 309b can comprise a sub-step 309b1 of determining, from among the data acquired, for example for each phase k, a maximum of the difference of the voltages V _k,A and V _k,B . V _k,A represents the vector voltage at the control point before the injection of the controllable source 102 or after the injection of the controllable source has stopped, for example for a phase k. V _k,B represents the vector voltage at control point 10 during injection by controllable source 102, for example for phase k. V _k,A represents for example the vector voltage before the injection or after the stoppage of the injection, for example the last voltage corresponding to an observation window before the injection or the first voltage corresponding to a window of observation after stopping the injection. For the observation window, V _k,B represents the vector voltage between the injection and the stoppage of the injection, for example the first voltage measured after the start of the injection or the last before the stoppage of the injection. 'injection. The pairs V _k,A and V _k,B can thus correspond to sudden variation(s), also called transient variation(s), of the voltage ΔV _k , for example for each phase k measured

The determination sub-step 309b1 can thus comprise the search for a maximum of the equation | Vk _,A | - | Vk _,B | = f(Q _k /P _k ).

The determination sub-step 309b1 can be carried out solely as a function of the data initially acquired. Alternatively, the determination sub-step 309b1 can comprise the command of one or more repetition(s) of the acquisition step 201, for example so as to refine the determination, for example so as to obtain values V _{k ,A} and V _k,B additional, in particular according to one or more additional value(s) of Q _k /P _k . The value(s) of Q _k /P _k additional(s) used for the repetition(s) is or are for example determined according to a maximum obtained according to the data already acquired. It is thus possible to find a value of Q _k /P _k closer to the maximum.

The second impedance calculation step 309b can comprise a sub-step 309b2 for impedance calculation, for example for each phase, for example as a function of the ratio Q _k /P _k and/or of V _k,A and/or V _k,B corresponding to the maximum determined, for example for each phase, during the determination sub-step 309b1.

The calculation sub-step 309b2 can for example comprise the calculation of the modulus (respectively) the calculation of the real part R _k and of the complex part X _k , for each phase. Rk can for example be calculated using the following formula 1:

with Q _k /P _k and/or V _k,A and/or V _k,B corresponding to the maximum determined in calculation sub-step 309b2.

This is based on the fact that the parts, real and imaginary, of the impedance can be expressed, and on finding, on the Fresnel diagram, the difference between V _B and the largest projection of V _A on V _B . This condition is obtained for φ _k = n π, where φ _k is the angle of vector I _k and n an integer, that is also for θ = 0, where θ is the angle of vector V _kA . Use is made of the formula ΔU/U to determine the upstream complex impedance Z _k = R _k + jX _k of phase k. To obtain R _k and X _k , two tests (“test E1” and “test E2”) are theoretically necessary. The values of P _k and Q _k obtained during the tests correspond to signed quantities which must evolve in the 4 quadrants (inductive or capacitive part and consumption or production part). The quantities obtained are used in equation 2 and equation 3 below (the indices E1 and E2 correspond to the two successive tests.

The ratio Q _k /P _k during the two tests must be different and is determined by the setpoint of the controllable source. These equations are simplified by carrying out a test with a pure resistance (Q _k = 0) and the other with a pure inductance (P _k = 0). The measurement of the difference between the two voltages V _kA -V _kB () is performed as follows. We measure V _kA just before the application of the single-phase source, the inverter then we measure V _kB just after.

When the voltage variation vector induced by the device ΔU _k =R _k . I _k + jX _k .I _k is collinear with the measured network voltages V _kA and V _kB , then the angle θ is zero. To reach this condition, if the measurements already carried out are not sufficient, it will be necessary to repeat the acquisition of the data with a command to modify the ratio Q _k /P _k . This leads to a change in the angle φ _k of the current vector I _k generated by the device. This change of angle can be implemented in steps of a given value, for example of a value between 0.1 and 10, for example between 0.2 and 5, degree(s) in the trigonometric direction or in the anti-trigonometric direction, for example of the order of one degree in the anti-trigonometric direction or in the anti-trigonometric direction. This sequencing will be stopped when the difference between the measured rms voltages V _A and V _B is maximum.

In this position we have the following formula 4:

Then, on the Fresnel diagram, we seek to obtain the difference between V _kB and the largest projection of V _kA on V _kB . This condition is obtained for φ _k = n π, i.e. also for θ= 0. By transferring formula 4 into the formula ΔU/U (formulas 2 and 3), we obtain the following formula 5:

We then obtain X _k from the ratio X _k / R _k .

Thus, to calculate the impedance, we determine the ratio which leads to θ = 0. For this we draw the graph | Vk _,A | - | Vk _,B | = f(Q _k /P _k ), at constant current. The maximum of this curve gives both | Vk _,A | - | Vk _,B | and Q _k /P _k .

Repetition and validation

The acquisition 201 and/or obtaining 2031 steps can be repeated 311, for example until a predetermined number of electrical quantity values characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation are obtained, for example of validated values, the number being for example greater than 10, for example 15, for example less than 30, for example equal to 20.

The method may comprise a step of launching repetitions 3111 of the acquisition 201 and/or obtaining 2031 steps until a first predetermined number of values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least a part of installation, the number being for example greater than 10, for example 15, for example less than 30, for example equal to 20.

The method can include a step 3113 for validating the calculated value or values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation. The validation step 3113 can for example be implemented after the step of launching repetitions.

The validation step 3113 the calculation, for example for each phase, of the dispersion and/or of the standard deviation of the set of values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least a part of the 'installation obtained in step 2031, for example of the impedance obtained in step 309, for example of the real part and/or of the complex part of the impedance, for example the dispersion σ _{Zcc k} such that illustrated . The validation step 3113 can comprise the comparison of the dispersion or of the standard deviation calculated with a template, for example a template established in the form of a dispersion and/or of a standard deviation and/or a width at half-height of a Gaussian function. If the dispersion and/or the standard deviation of the set of values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation obtained in step 2031 conforms to this template, for example if this value is sufficiently close, all of the calculated values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation are validated, otherwise they are invalidated.

In case of invalidation of the set, the validation step may comprise the invalidation of all the values of the set, or the invalidation of certain values of the set, for example extremal values, for example two extreme. The non-invalidated values of the set can for example be reused to form, in addition to new values obtained by repeating the steps of acquisition 201 and/or obtaining 2031, a new set to be validated.

The validation step can thus comprise the launching of repetitions of the acquisition 201 and/or obtaining 2031 steps and the validation of the value(s) of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least one part of the installation thus obtained, until reaching a second predetermined number of validated values of the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, the second predetermined number possibly being equal to or different from the first predetermined number, for example greater than 10, for example 15, for example less than 30, for example equal to 20.

It is thus possible to carry out the repetitions in one or two stages. For example, first repetitions to obtain a first number of values, then the validation of these values and new repetitions followed by validations to reach the desired number of validated values.

On the , three phases are represented by lines respectively continuous (phase 1 Ph1), interrupted (phase 2 Ph2) and mixed (phase 3 Ph3), the distribution corresponding to the third phase being greater than that of the other two phases and possibly resulting in a invalidation of associated values.

Historization step

The method can comprise a step 313 of storing in memory the calculated impedances, for example the impedances calculated and validated at the validation step 3113. The storage is for example carried out in a database. The database is for example a database of the device 100, for example of a storage unit of the device 100, the storage unit being for example part of the control unit 103 and/or of the unit measuring unit 101 and/or processing unit 106 and/or a separate storage unit of the device, for example a storage unit of a remote network.

Fault detection step

The method may include a step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect 317.

Tightening fault

The step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect and/or of a risk of tightening defect 317 can comprise a step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect 3171.

The step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect 3171 can comprise the step of comparing the electrical magnitude(s) characteristic of the state of at least one part of the installation obtained or calculated, for example from the calculated impedance(s), for example from the calculated impedance value(s), at the obtaining step 2031 or calculation step 309, for example validated at the validation step 3113, for example stored at the storage step 313, at one or more predetermined threshold(s) , for example for each phase.

The step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect 3171 can thus comprise a step of comparison with a first threshold 31711. The step of comparison with a first threshold 31711 can comprise, for example for each phase, the comparison of the average Zcc _k of the value(s) of electrical quantity(s) characteristic(s) of the state of at least one part of the installation, for example of impedance, obtained/calculated at l step of obtaining/calculating electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation 2031/309, for example impedance, for example validated at the validation step 3113, for example stored at the storage step 313, with respect to the first threshold. The first threshold can be an electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example an impedance of a reference situation as established following the establishment step 315 as described above. -after, for example by simulation. If the average Zcck is greater than the first threshold, a tightening fault is detected, for example for the phase having the absolute value of electrical quantity(s) characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the installation, for example of impedance, the highest.

The step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect 3171 can thus comprise a step of comparison with a second threshold 31712. The step of comparison with a second threshold 31711 can comprise, for example for each pair of phases (i,j) among the phases of the electrical installation 11, the comparison of the absolute difference ΔZcc _ij between the averages of the value(s) of electrical quantity(s) characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the installation, for example of impedance, of the two phases i and j calculated at the step of obtaining 2031/calculation 309, for example validated at the step of validation 3113, for example stored at the storage step 313, with respect to the second threshold. The second threshold can be an absolute value of electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation, for example impedance, reference, for example calculated from a reference situation, for example a reference situation as established following the establishment step 315 as described below, or recorded, for example stored during a previous storage step 313 in the context of a previous implementation of the method, for example of a previous implementation of the acquisition step 201 and of the processing step 203, for example an increasing absolute value resulting from the quantities, for example impedances , stored. If, for a pair of phases, the absolute difference ΔZcc _ij is greater than the second threshold, then a tightening fault is detected, for example for all of the two phases, that is to say that one of the phases or both phases present(s) a fault.

Default risk

With reference to the , the step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect 317 can comprise a step of evaluating the existence of a risk of a tightening defect 3173.

The step of evaluating the existence of a risk of tightening defect 3173 can comprise an estimation of the drift over time of the value(s) of the electrical quantity(s) characteristic of the state of at least one part of the installation, for example impedance, obtained in step 2031, for example calculated in step 309, for example validated in validation step 3113, for example stored in storage step 313, for example over a time drift observation window, for example of duration greater than or equal to several weeks and/or to a month and/or to a year, for example of the order of several weeks and/or monthly order and/or annual order. The drift is for example evaluated by linear regression, for example in the form Zcc=ax+b, where Zcc is the electrical quantity characteristic of the state of at least part of the installation obtained in step 2031, by example an impedance, for example a short-circuit impedance, a is a leading coefficient giving a derivative, and b is the value of original Zcc.

The step of evaluating the existence of a risk of a tightening fault 3173 can comprise the comparison of the estimated drift, for example of the guiding coefficient a, with a fixed risk threshold.

If the estimated drift exceeds the risk threshold, for example during a period greater than a given period of time, for example of the order of several weeks and/or of monthly order and/or of annual order, then the birth of a storage fault is detected.

On the , the drift is shown in broken lines and the threshold in dashed lines.

Stage of establishing a reference situation

The method may include a step 315 of establishing a reference situation.

The establishment step 315 can include the implementation of electrotechnical simulations, for example reproducing an electrical behavior of the electrical installation 11, for example on the type of event simulated. The electrotechnical simulations can be established from a network topology corresponding to the electrical installation 11 and optionally from the characteristics of the supply network. Alternatively or in addition, the electrotechnical simulations can be established from electrotechnical characteristics of constituent elements of the electrical installation 11, for example the transformer(s) 2. Alternatively or in addition, the electrotechnical simulations can be established from from the characteristics of the controlled device, for example the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) 102.

The establishment step 315 may include obtaining the reference situation from the electrotechnical simulations, for example by calculating, for example for each phase of the electrical installation 11, one or more electrical quantities characteristic(s) of the state of at least part of the reference installation, for example a so-called reference impedance.

Stage of providing the result of the evaluation stage

The method may comprise, for example after the step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of tightening defect 317, a step of supplying a result 319 of the evaluation stage. If no tightening defect and/or no risk of tightening defect is detected at the end of the evaluation step 317, the result provided may be that no anomaly is detected. If a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening defect is not detected at the end of the evaluation step 317, the result provided may be that a tightening defect and/or a risk of a tightening is detected.

The supply of the result can comprise a display, for example by the display means 109, for example a display on a terminal, for example a terminal of the device. The output of the result may include an audible signal.

Measurement selection step

The method may include, for example after the installation step 301, for example before the solicitation step 303, a step of choice of measurement 302, for example between a first method and/or a second method. The first method may correspond to the first embodiment. The first method can thus comprise the implementation of the step of supply 303a, first step of measurement 305a, first step of calculation of electrical magnitude(s) 307a, first step of calculation 309a. The second method may correspond to the second embodiment. The second method can thus comprise the implementation of the steps of injection 303b, second step of measurement 305b, second step of calculation of electrical magnitude(s) 307b, second step of calculation 309b.

Claims (11)

Method for controlling the tightening state of an electrical installation, the method comprising steps of:
- acquisition (201) of data at a control point (10) of the electrical installation by a clamping state control device (100) electrically connected to the control point,
- processing (203) of the data acquired by data processing means (106) to assess the existence of a tightening fault and/or a risk of a tightening fault. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring data includes steps of:
- solicitation (307) at the control point (10) by one or more controllable load(s) and/or source(s) (102) of the device (100),
- measurement (305) of said stress by measurement means of the device (100). A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of processing (203) comprises a step of obtaining at least one impedance (309), for example an upstream impedance, at the checkpoint, for example the real part and/or the complex part of the impedance, from the acquired data. Method according to claim 3, in which the processing step comprises a step of calculating voltage and/or current, for example intensity, from the data acquired at the acquisition step (201), the impedance calculation step (309) comprising the calculation of abrupt variation(s) of the calculated voltage and/or current and the calculation of the impedance from the calculated variation(s) ), the impedance including a short-circuit impedance. Method according to claim 3 or 4, in which the electrical installation (11) is polyphase and the impedance is obtained for each phase. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 5, in which the processing step comprises a step of calculating voltage and/or current, for example intensity, from the data acquired in the acquisition step ( 201), the impedance calculation step (309) comprising the determination (309b1), from among the acquired data, for example for each phase k of the electrical installation (11), of a maximum of the difference between:
- a voltage (V _k,A ) at the control point before injection by the load and/or controllable source (102) or after stopping the injection of the load and/or controllable source (102), and
- a voltage (V _k,B ) at the control point (10) during injection by the load and/or controllable source (102). Method according to one of Claims 3 to 6, comprising repeating the step of acquiring (201) and the step and the step of obtaining impedance until a predetermined number of values of d 'impedance. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the step of processing data comprises a step of evaluating the existence of a risk of a tightening defect (3173), comprising an estimation of the drift over time calculated impedances, for example over a time drift observation window of duration greater than or equal to one month. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the step of processing data comprises a step of evaluating the existence of a tightening defect (3171), comprising a step of comparing the impedance or impedances ( s) calculated at the impedance calculation step (309), for example validated at the validation step (3113), for example stored at the storage step (313) , at one or more predetermined threshold(s), for example for each phase. Tightening state monitoring device or tightening state monitoring system comprising a tightening state monitoring device, the device (100) comprising a controllable circuit (102) configured to be able to be electrically connected to a control (10) of an electrical installation (104), the controllable circuit (102) comprising one or more controllable load(s) and/or source(s) (102), the device (100) being configured to control the controllable load(s) and/or source(s) (102) so as to perform a stress on the control point (10), and to measure said stress, in order to assess the existence of a tightening defect and/or a risk of tightening defect. Device or system according to claim 10, one or more connector(s) (105) adapted to be positioned at the level of the electrical installation (11) to ensure the connection of the controllable circuit (104) to the control point ( 10).