FR3099947A3 - Method of supplying pressurized gas - Google Patents

Method of supplying pressurized gas Download PDF

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Publication number
FR3099947A3
FR3099947A3 FR2002787A FR2002787A FR3099947A3 FR 3099947 A3 FR3099947 A3 FR 3099947A3 FR 2002787 A FR2002787 A FR 2002787A FR 2002787 A FR2002787 A FR 2002787A FR 3099947 A3 FR3099947 A3 FR 3099947A3
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
gas
compressed
period
liquefied
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR2002787A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Benoit Davidian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to FR2002787A priority Critical patent/FR3099947A3/en
Publication of FR3099947A3 publication Critical patent/FR3099947A3/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/60—Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Titre : Procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pression Dans un procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pression ( 13,15), pendant une première période, on comprime un premier gaz dans un premier compresseur pour produire un premier gaz sous pression et on liquéfie un deuxième gaz pour produire un gaz liquéfié que l’on stocke dans un stockage (S) et pendant une deuxième période, on soutire du gaz liquéfié du stockage, on refroidit un troisième gaz (3) ayant la même composition que le premier gaz dans un échangeur de chaleur (V) par échange de chaleur avec le gaz liquéfié soutiré (14) qui se vaporise et on comprime le troisième gaz refroidi dans l’échangeur de chaleur dans un deuxième compresseur (C2) ayant une température d’entrée inférieure à -50°C, pour produire un troisième gaz comprimé (13), le premier gaz et le troisième gaz ayant la même composition. Figure de l’abrégé : Figure 3Title: Method of supplying a pressurized gas In a method of supplying a pressurized gas (13,15), during a first period, a first gas is compressed in a first compressor to produce a first pressurized gas and a second gas is liquefied to produce a liquefied gas which is stored in a storage (S) and during a second period, liquefied gas is withdrawn from the storage, a third gas (3) is cooled having the same composition as the first gas in a heat exchanger (V) by heat exchange with the withdrawn liquefied gas (14) which vaporizes and the cooled third gas is compressed in the heat exchanger in a second compressor (C2) having an inlet temperature below -50 ° C, to produce a third compressed gas (13), the first gas and the third gas having the same composition. Abstract figure: Figure 3

Description

Procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pressionMethod of supplying a pressurized gas

La présente invention est relative à un procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pression. En particulier il concerne un procédé de fourniture de gaz sous pression avec stockage d’énergie électrique utilisant un gaz liquéfié.The present invention relates to a method for supplying a pressurized gas. In particular, it relates to a process for supplying pressurized gas with storage of electrical energy using a liquefied gas.

Le stockage d’énergie électrique grâce à l’air liquide (acronyme anglais : LAES) est pénalisé par son faible rendement (environ 35% de l’énergie stockée est récupérée).The storage of electrical energy using liquid air (acronym: LAES) is penalized by its low efficiency (about 35% of the stored energy is recovered).

La moitié de la perte de rendement se fait lors de la conversion d’énergie de pression en énergie d’électrique.Half of the efficiency loss occurs when converting pressure energy into electrical energy.

L’invention consiste à limiter le stockage à de l’énergie de compression, permettant de porter le rendement du stockage à plus de 65%, dans le cas où l’on a un fluide à comprimer.The invention consists in limiting the storage to compression energy, making it possible to increase the efficiency of the storage to more than 65%, in the case where there is a fluid to be compressed.

Selon un objet de l’invention, il est prévu un procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pression dans lequel :According to one object of the invention, there is provided a method for supplying a pressurized gas in which:

  1. Pendant une première période où le prix de l’électricité est en dessous d’un seuil, on comprime un premier gaz dans un premier compresseur ayant une température d’entrée supérieure à 0°C pour produire un premier gaz sous pression et on liquéfie un deuxième gaz pour produire un gaz liquéfié que l’on stocke dans un stockage etDuring a first period when the price of electricity is below a threshold, a first gas is compressed in a first compressor having an inlet temperature above 0° C. to produce a first pressurized gas and a second gas to produce a liquefied gas which is stored in a storage and
  2. Pendant une deuxième période où le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil, on ne comprime pas de gaz dans le premier compresseur, on soutire du gaz liquéfié du stockage, on refroidit un troisième gaz ayant la même composition que le premier gaz dans un échangeur de chaleur par échange de chaleur avec le gaz liquéfié soutiré qui se vaporise et on comprime le troisième gaz refroidi dans l’échangeur de chaleur dans le deuxième compresseur ayant une température d’entrée inférieure à -50°C, pour produire un troisième gaz comprimé, le premier gaz et le troisième gaz ayant la même composition.During a second period when the price of electricity is above a threshold, no gas is compressed in the first compressor, liquefied gas is withdrawn from storage, a third gas is cooled having the same composition as the first gas in a heat exchanger by heat exchange with the withdrawn liquefied gas which vaporizes and the third gas cooled in the heat exchanger is compressed in the second compressor having an inlet temperature lower than -50°C, for producing a third compressed gas, the first gas and the third gas having the same composition.

Selon d’autres aspects facultatifs :According to other optional aspects:

  • pendant la première période on refroidit le deuxième gaz par échange de chaleur avec une source de frigories dans l’échangeur de chaleur.during the first period, the second gas is cooled by heat exchange with a cold source in the heat exchanger.
  • on ne produit pas de travail en utilisant le premier gaz comprimé ou le troisième gaz comprimé.no work is produced by using the first compressed gas or the third compressed gas.
  • le premier, deuxième ou troisième gaz est choisi dans le groupe : air, azote, argon, oxygène, gaz naturel, hydrogène.the first, second or third gas is chosen from the group: air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, natural gas, hydrogen.
  • pendant la première période, on ne comprime pas le troisième gaz dans le deuxième compresseur.during the first period, the third gas is not compressed in the second compressor.
  • pendant la première période, on comprime le premier gaz qui est l’air et on envoie l’air sous pression à la distillation, on liquéfie un deuxième gaz qui est l’air que l’on stocke dans un stockage et pendant la deuxième période, on comprime le troisième gaz qui est de l’air et on envoie le troisième gaz comprimé à la distillation.during the first period, the first gas, which is air, is compressed and the pressurized air is sent for distillation, a second gas, which is air, is liquefied and stored in a storage and during the second period , the third gas, which is air, is compressed and the third compressed gas is sent for distillation.
  • dans un procédé de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique, pendant la première période, on comprime le premier gaz qui est l’azote ou de l’oxygène provenant de la distillation, on liquéfie un deuxième gaz qui est l’air que l’on stocke dans un stockage.in a process for separating air by cryogenic distillation, during the first period, the first gas which is nitrogen or oxygen coming from the distillation is compressed, a second gas which is the air is liquefied and the we store in storage.

L’invention sera décrite de manière plus détaillée en se référant aux figures, qui représentent des procédés opérant selon l’invention :The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures, which represent methods operating according to the invention:

illustre le fonctionnement du procédé pendant une période où le prix de l’électricité est en dessous d’un seuil, illustrates the operation of the process during a period when the price of electricity is below a threshold,

illustre le fonctionnement du procédé pendant une période où le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil et illustrates the operation of the method during a period when the price of electricity is above a threshold and

illustre le fonctionnement du procédé pendant une période où le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil illustrates the operation of the method during a period when the price of electricity is above a threshold

Pendant une période où le prix de l’électricité est en dessous d’un seuil, dans la , on comprime un premier fluide 1 sous forme gazeuse dans un premier compresseur C1 ayant une température d’entrée supérieure à 0°C pour former un fluide comprimé 11 à fournir, par exemple à un client.During a period when the price of electricity is below a threshold, in the , a first fluid 1 in gaseous form is compressed in a first compressor C1 having an inlet temperature above 0° C. to form a compressed fluid 11 to be supplied, for example to a customer.

Pendant cette période on liquéfie un fluide gazeux 2 (celui qui a été comprimé 11 ou un autre fluide) dans un liquéfacteur L pour former un liquide 12 et on stocke le liquide dans un stockage S. Il est important d’avoir un fluide sec et décarbonaté avant liquéfaction ; si ce n’est pas le cas, il faut ajouter un système d’épuration.During this period, a gaseous fluid 2 (the one which has been compressed 11 or another fluid) is liquefied in a liquefier L to form a liquid 12 and the liquid is stored in a storage S. It is important to have a dry fluid and decarbonated before liquefaction; if this is not the case, a purification system must be added.

Dans le cas où c’est le fluide gazeux 11 qui est liquéfié est le même fluide qui est comprimé, la compression peut aussi servir pour l’unité de liquéfaction et réduire son cout d’investissement, car la machine de compression C1 est commune aux deux usages.In the case where it is the gaseous fluid 11 which is liquefied and the same fluid which is compressed, the compression can also be used for the liquefaction unit and reduce its investment cost, since the compression machine C1 is common to the two uses.

Le liquide stocké dans le stockage n’est pas vaporisé pendant cette période.The liquid stored in the storage is not vaporized during this period.

Quand le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil, le liquide 14 qui a été stocké dans le stockage S pendant la période où l’électricité est en dessous du seuil est déstocké. Le liquide 14 est vaporisé dans un vaporiseur V, qui peut être la même entité que le liquéfacteur L. Ceci forme un gaz pressurisé 15 par vaporisation du liquide 13 en échangeant de la chaleur avec le troisième fluide 3. Le troisième fluide est comprimé dans un compresseur ayant une température d’entrée en dessous de -50°C pour l’amener à la pression requise. montre un schéma basique.When the electricity price is above a threshold, the liquid 14 which has been stored in the storage S during the period when the electricity is below the threshold is removed from storage. The liquid 14 is vaporized in a vaporizer V, which may be the same entity as the liquefier L. This forms a pressurized gas 15 by vaporizing the liquid 13 by exchanging heat with the third fluid 3. The third fluid is compressed in a compressor having an inlet temperature below -50°C to bring it to the required pressure. shows a basic diagram.

est schéma plus détaillé où le liquide 14 du stockage S est pressurisé par une pompe P pour être vaporisé dans le vaporiseur V pour former un gaz sous pression 15. La chaleur requis est apportée par un débit d’un troisième gaz 3 qui se refroidit dans le vaporiseur V jusqu’à –50°C ou moins encore pour être comprimé dans le compresseur C2. Le gaz réchauffé par la compression forme un débit comprimé 13 qui peut être fourni comme un gaz comprimé ou mélangé avec le liquide vaporisé 15, par exemple si le liquide 14 et le gaz 3 ont la même composition. is a more detailed diagram where the liquid 14 of the storage S is pressurized by a pump P to be vaporized in the vaporizer V to form a pressurized gas 15. The heat required is provided by a flow of a third gas 3 which cools in the vaporizer V down to -50°C or even less to be compressed in the compressor C2. The gas heated by the compression forms a compressed flow 13 which can be supplied as a compressed gas or mixed with the vaporized liquid 15, for example if the liquid 14 and the gas 3 have the same composition.

Pendant cette période où le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil, le compresseur C1 n’est pas utilisé et le gaz 2 n’est pas liquéfié.During this period when the price of electricity is above a threshold, compressor C1 is not used and gas 2 is not liquefied.

US2012151961 décrit d’autres variantes pour la vaporisation du liquide 14 utilisant la chaleur d’un gaz.US2012151961 describes other variants for the vaporization of the liquid 14 using the heat of a gas.

L’invention peut s’appliquer à un réseau de gaz naturel, où la pression du gaz doit être régulièrement augmentée par des stations de recompression. En périodes où l’énergie n’est pas chère, le gaz naturel est comprimé par le compresseur C1 et un deuxième fluide est liquéfié en même temps. En période d’énergie chère, le deuxième fluide liquéfié est vaporisé utilisant du gaz naturel comprimé à froid. Le deuxième fluide peut aussi être du gaz naturel permettant la liquéfaction de gaz naturel à la station.The invention can be applied to a natural gas network, where the gas pressure must be regularly increased by recompression stations. In periods when energy is not expensive, the natural gas is compressed by compressor C1 and a second fluid is liquefied at the same time. In times of expensive energy, the second liquefied fluid is vaporized using cold compressed natural gas. The second fluid can also be natural gas allowing the liquefaction of natural gas at the station.

Dans le cas où un appareil de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique est présent, il est possible de stocker de l’air qui a été comprimé dans un surpresseur. Un surpresseur est un compresseur qui comprime de l’air qui a déjà été épuré en eau et en dioxyde de carbone et qui se trouve à une pression superatmosphérique à l’entrée du surpresseur. L’air comprimé dans le surpresseur peut être stocké par la suite dans un réservoir de liquide cryogénique.If an air separation device by cryogenic distillation is present, it is possible to store air that has been compressed in a booster. A booster is a compressor that compresses air that has already been cleaned of water and carbon dioxide and is at superatmospheric pressure at the inlet of the booster. The compressed air in the booster can later be stored in a cryogenic liquid tank.

Par exemple il peut être stocké dans un stockage qui fait partie de l’appareil de séparation d’air, par exemple une capacité d’air liquéfié d’un appareil à bascule.For example it can be stored in a storage which is part of the air separation device, for example a liquefied air capacity of a tilting device.

De même le gaz stocké après compression et liquéfaction peut être de l’azote (ou de l’oxygène) provenant d’une colonne de distillation de l’appareil de séparation d’air. L’azote (ou l’oxygène) liquéfié peut être stocké dans une capacité existante de stockage d’azote (ou d’oxygène).Similarly, the gas stored after compression and liquefaction can be nitrogen (or oxygen) from a distillation column of the air separation device. Liquefied nitrogen (or oxygen) can be stored in an existing nitrogen (or oxygen) storage capacity.

Ceci évite toute perturbation de la partie distillation de l’appareil de séparation et permet un coût énergétique de liquéfaction en général marginal, ce qui augmente le rendement du stockageThis avoids any disturbance of the distillation part of the separation device and allows a generally marginal energy cost of liquefaction, which increases the storage yield

L’appareil peut comprendre un compresseur d’azote ou un compresseur d’oxygène destiné à fournir un réseau en gaz comprimé.The apparatus may include a nitrogen compressor or an oxygen compressor intended to supply a compressed gas network.

Le procédé selon l’invention peut servir à fournir un client en air comprimé.The method according to the invention can be used to supply a customer with compressed air.

Le gaz comprimé fourni peut être de l’air comprimé, pour des petits consommateurs ou grands consommateur comme les hauts fourneaux, avec nécessité d’épurer de l’air atmosphérique.The compressed gas supplied can be compressed air, for small or large consumers such as blast furnaces, with the need to purify atmospheric air.

Il sera noté que le produit du procédé est un gaz sous pression, ce gaz n’étant pas détendu dans une turbine ou utilisé autrement pour fournir du travail.It will be noted that the product of the process is a gas under pressure, this gas not being expanded in a turbine or otherwise used to provide work.

Claims (7)

Procédé de fourniture d’un gaz sous pression (11, 13,15) dans lequel :
  1. Pendant une première période où le prix de l’électricité est en dessous d’un seuil, on comprime un premier gaz (1) dans un premier compresseur (C1) ayant une température d’entrée supérieure à 0°C pour produire un premier gaz sous pression (11) et on liquéfie un deuxième gaz (2) pour produire un gaz liquéfié (12) que l’on stocke dans un stockage (S) et
  2. Pendant une deuxième période où le prix de l’électricité est au-dessus d’un seuil, on ne comprime pas de gaz dans le premier compresseur, on soutire du gaz liquéfié du stockage, on refroidit un troisième gaz (3) ayant la même composition que le premier gaz dans un échangeur de chaleur (V) par échange de chaleur avec le gaz liquéfié soutiré (14) qui se vaporise et on comprime le troisième gaz refroidi dans l’échangeur de chaleur dans un deuxième compresseur (C2) ayant une température d’entrée inférieure à -50°C, pour produire un troisième gaz comprimé (13), le premier gaz et le troisième gaz ayant la même composition.
A method of supplying a pressurized gas (11, 13,15) in which:
  1. During a first period when the price of electricity is below a threshold, a first gas (1) is compressed in a first compressor (C1) having an inlet temperature greater than 0°C to produce a first gas under pressure (11) and a second gas (2) is liquefied to produce a liquefied gas (12) which is stored in a storage (S) and
  2. During a second period when the price of electricity is above a threshold, no gas is compressed in the first compressor, liquefied gas is withdrawn from storage, a third gas (3) having the same composition than the first gas in a heat exchanger (V) by heat exchange with the drawn off liquefied gas (14) which vaporizes and the third gas cooled in the heat exchanger is compressed in a second compressor (C2) having a inlet temperature below -50°C, to produce a third compressed gas (13), the first gas and the third gas having the same composition.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel pendant la première période on refroidit le deuxième gaz (2) par échange de chaleur avec une source de frigories dans l’échangeur de chaleur (V).Process according to Claim 1, in which during the first period the second gas (2) is cooled by heat exchange with a source of cold in the heat exchanger (V). Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans lequel on ne produit pas de travail en utilisant le premier gaz comprimé (11) ou le troisième gaz comprimé (13).A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein no work is produced by using the first compressed gas (11) or the third compressed gas (13). Procédé selon l’une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le premier, deuxième ou troisième gaz (1,2,3) est choisi dans le groupe : air, azote, argon, oxygène, gaz naturel, hydrogène.Process according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first, second or third gas (1,2,3) is chosen from the group: air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, natural gas, hydrogen. Procédé selon l’une des revendications précédentes dans lequel pendant la première période, on ne comprime pas le troisième gaz (3) dans le deuxième compresseur (C2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which during the first period, the third gas (3) is not compressed in the second compressor (C2). Procédé de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique et de fourniture de gaz sous pression selon une des revendications précédentes dans lequel pendant la première période, on comprime le premier gaz (1) qui est l’air et on envoie l’air sous pression à la distillation, on liquéfie un deuxième gaz (2) qui est l’air que l’on stocke dans un stockage et pendant la deuxième période, on comprime le troisième gaz (3) qui est de l’air et on envoie le troisième gaz comprimé à la distillation.Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation and supplying pressurized gas according to one of the preceding claims, in which during the first period, the first gas (1) which is air is compressed and the pressurized air is sent to the distillation, a second gas (2) is liquefied which is the air which is stored in a storage and during the second period, the third gas (3) which is air is compressed and the third gas is sent compressed to distillation. Procédé de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique et de fourniture de gaz sous pression selon une des revendications précédentes dans lequel pendant la première période, on comprime le premier gaz (1) qui est l’azote ou de l’oxygène provenant de la distillation, on liquéfie un deuxième gaz qui est l’air que l’on stocke dans un stockage (3).Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation and supplying pressurized gas according to one of the preceding claims, in which during the first period, the first gas (1) is compressed, which is nitrogen or oxygen originating from the distillation , a second gas is liquefied, which is the air which is stored in a storage (3).
FR2002787A 2020-03-23 2020-03-23 Method of supplying pressurized gas Pending FR3099947A3 (en)

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