FR3086342A1 - REDUCER TURBOREACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Double-flow single-body turbojet (10), comprising a blower (20), a casing (30) disposed downstream of the blower (20) and separating a primary stream (12) from a secondary stream (14), a compressor ( 60), a combustion chamber (70) and a turbine (80) being arranged in the primary stream (12), the turbojet engine comprising a differential transmission (40, 50) coupled to the turbine (80), in which the ratio of dilution between the secondary vein (14) and the primary vein (12) is greater than or equal to 12, the differential transmission comprises a first reduction gear (40), differential, configured to modify the transmission speed ratio between the turbine ( 80) and the blower (20) and a second planetary reduction gear (50) configured to modify the speed transmission ratio between the turbine (80) and the compressor (60), in which the first reduction gear (40) includes an output wheel (42) integral in rota tion of an input wheel of the second reducer (42).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD This presentation relates to the field of aircraft, and more particularly a turbojet engine which can be used for aeronautical propulsion.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND In recent years, aircraft engines have undergone numerous improvements, which have made it possible to increase their performance and significantly reduce their fuel consumption and their greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, the efforts required to achieve similar gains in the coming years are proportionately much higher. This implies very largely increased costs, but also an increasing complexity of the systems implemented, so that the operability of the engines and their performance / cost ratio could deteriorate.

There is therefore a need for a new type of aircraft engine, in particular a turbojet engine, which forms a more acceptable compromise between different parameters such as specific consumption, drag, geometry, mass, simplicity and the costs.

GENERAL PRESENTATION [0004] For this purpose, the present description relates to a single-body double-flow turbojet engine, comprising a blower, a casing arranged downstream of the blower and separating a primary stream from a secondary stream, a compressor, a combustion chamber. and a turbine being arranged in the primary stream, the turbojet engine comprising a differential transmission coupled to the turbine, in which the dilution ratio between the secondary stream and the primary stream is greater than or equal to 12.

In the present description, the axis of the turbojet engine is called its axis of symmetry or quasi-symmetry, which forms the axis of rotation of the compressor and of the turbine. The axial direction corresponds to the direction of the axis of the turbojet engine and a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to this axis and intersecting this axis. Likewise, an axial plane is a plane containing the axis of the turbojet engine and a radial plane is a plane perpendicular to this axis. A circumference is understood as a circle 5 belonging to a radial plane and the center of which belongs to the axis of the turbojet. A tangential or circumferential direction is a direction tangent to a circumference; it is perpendicular to the axis of the turbojet engine but does not pass through the axis.

Unless otherwise specified, the adjectives front and rear are used with reference to the axial direction, it being understood that the inlet of the turbojet engine is located on the front side of the turbojet engine, while its outlet is located on the rear side. The upstream and downstream adjectives are used with reference to the normal direction of gas flow in the turbojet engine. Finally, unless otherwise specified, the adjectives internal (internal) and external (external) are used with reference to a radial direction so that the internal part of an element is, in a radial direction, closer to the axis of the turbojet as the outer part of the same element.

The turbojet is said to have a double flow in that it comprises a primary stream hosting a primary stream and a secondary stream hosting a secondary stream. The casing separating the primary vein and the secondary vein is sometimes called the internal casing. The dilution ratio between the secondary vein and the primary vein, more simply called dilution ratio or in English by-pass ratio (BPR), is the ratio of the air flow entering the secondary vein on the air flow entering the primary vein. Increasing the BPR makes it possible to increase the performance of the turbojet engine, since the thrust is essentially supplied by the air stirred by the blower and which passes through the secondary vein.

The increase in BPR, however, requires increasing the diameter of the fan, which jointly leads to an increase in the section of the secondary vein.

As indicated, the differential transmission is coupled to the turbine, that is to say that there is a functional connection between the turbine and the differential transmission. The differential transmission can be configured to drive the blower and / or the compressor, thanks to the mechanical energy supplied by the turbine. The differential transmission is a power transmission making it possible to modify the speed ratio and / or the torque between at least one input, in this case the turbine, and at least one output, in this case the blower and / or the compressor. . Within the meaning of this presentation, the differential transmission may have a transmission ratio less than one, in which case we sometimes speak of reduction system, but also greater than one, depending on what is considered to be the input or the output, at which case we sometimes speak of a multiplier system.

The turbojet can be a single-body turbojet. A single-body turbojet engine comprises a single rotating assembly, connecting one or more compressors to one or more turbines via common kinematics, which does not mean that all the components rotate at the same speed but that their rotations are linked. In contrast, a double-body turbojet engine comprises two kinematically independent rotary assemblies, each of these assemblies connecting its own compressors and turbines via its own kinematics independent of that of the other assembly. In the following, for the sake of brevity but without loss of generality, we will assume that the simple body comprises a compressor and a turbine.

In contrast to current developments which are based in the vast majority, if not all, on twin-body turbojet engines, the present description proposes implementing a single-body turbojet engine. Such an architecture makes it possible to greatly simplify the turbojet engine, for example by eliminating complex members such as shafts, bearings and supports, to reduce its mass and its cost.

In addition, thanks to the fact that the dilution ratio between the secondary vein and the main vein is greater than or equal to 12, the performance of the turbojet engine is of a level comparable to that of turbojet engines existing elsewhere, or the turbojet engine has a much better performance / cost ratio than an existing turbojet. For example, such a dilution ratio can be obtained in the context of a subsonic ejection speed at the outlet of the turbojet, preferably between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1 at the neck of the ejection nozzle, for a speed d 'corresponding aircraft between Mach 0.7 and Mach 0.9.

In certain embodiments, the differential transmission comprises a first reduction gear configured to modify the speed of transmission ratio between the turbine and the fan and a second reduction gear configured to modify the speed of transmission ratio between the turbine and compressor.

Thus, the rotation of the fan can be decoupled from the rotation of the compressor, which makes it possible to have, for these two components, different speeds of rotation. This keeps the speed of rotation of the compressor at a certain level while reducing the speed of rotation of the blower. However, the speed of rotation of the fan conditions the tangential speed of the radially external part of the fan blades, also called blade head. The speed of the blade head must respect certain constraints, in particular to remain subsonic, for example less than or equal to 310 meters per second (m / s). Consequently, the fact of being able to decrease the speed of rotation of the blower makes it possible, at an equal blade head speed, to increase the diameter of the blower. This results in even better performance for the turbojet engine.

In some embodiments, the second reducer is coupled to an output of the first reducer.

In certain embodiments, the first reduction gear is a differential reduction gear having an input wheel integral in rotation with the turbine, a first output wheel integral in rotation with the blower, a second output wheel integral in rotation an input wheel of the second reduction gear, and the second reduction gear is an epicyclic reduction gear having an output wheel integral in rotation with the compressor.

A reduction gear is a device making it possible to modify the speed ratio and / or the torque between at least one input wheel and at least one output wheel. Within the meaning of the present description, a reduction gear may have a transmission ratio less than one, but also greater than one, depending on what is considered to be the input or the output (a reduction gear is a generally reversible transmission), in which case one sometimes speak of a multiplier. A differential gearbox can combine the rotation of three wheels, for example an input wheel and two output wheels, or two input wheels and an output wheel. A planetary reduction gearbox can combine the rotation of two wheels, for example an input wheel and an output wheel.

The differential reducer and / or the planetary gearbox can be provided in the form of an epicyclic train. A planetary gear train generally has an outer sun gear, also called a crown, as well as an inner sun gear, also called a sun gear. The sun gear 25 and the ring gear are coupled via one or more satellites, the satellites being coupled together by a planet carrier. For the purposes of the present description, the term “wheel” is used generically to mean any one of the crown, of the planet carrier or of the sun gear. Each wheel can be used as input or output of a mechanical transmission.

In this case, the rotation of the turbine is transmitted, via the first reducer, to the fan. There follows a first transmission ratio, for example a first torque ratio, between the turbine and the blower. The second output wheel of the first reducer drives an input wheel of the second reducer, the output of which drives the compressor. There follows a second transmission ratio between the turbine and the compressor. Thus, the use of a differential reducer makes it possible to decouple the rotation of the blower and the compressor. To limit the complexity of the turbojet engine, the planetary gearbox can be coupled to the differential gearbox and not directly to the turbine.

In certain embodiments, the ratio of the number of teeth of the first output wheel of the first reducer to the number of teeth of the input wheel of the first reducer is greater than 1. This ratio can be greater than 1 , 2, more preferably still greater than 1.4. In addition, this ratio can be less than 1.8, more preferably less than 1.6. This ratio can be approximately equal to 1.5. In nominal operation, the first reduction gear is therefore configured to provide the fan with a lower speed than that supplied to the compressor.

In certain embodiments, the ratio of the number of teeth of the crown of the second reduction gear to the number of teeth of the output wheel of the second reduction gear is greater than 2. In the case of an epicyclic train, the crown of the second reducer can be fixed relative to the internal casing of the turbojet engine. This ratio makes it possible to increase the speed of rotation of the compressor relative to the speed supplied at the input of the second reducer by the first reducer. This ratio may be greater than 5, preferably still greater than 6. In addition, this ratio may be less than 9, preferably still less than

8. This ratio can be approximately equal to 7.

In certain embodiments, the ratio of the number of teeth of the first output wheel of the first reducer to the number of teeth of the input wheel of the first reducer is less than the ratio of the number of teeth of the crown of the second reduction gear on the number of teeth of the output wheel of the second reduction gear. It is the report of the two aforementioned reports; we also verify, on the examples given, that

1.5 is less than 7. In this configuration, the diameter of the different wheels of the differential transmission can be reduced and the overall cost of producing the differential transmission can be limited.

In certain embodiments, the second reduction gear has a transmission ratio greater than 3. The transmission ratio is the ratio of the speed of rotation of the output wheel to the speed of rotation of the input wheel. In the case of satellites, the speed of rotation of the planet carrier is considered, which corresponds to the speed of revolution of the satellites around the planet and not the speed of rotation of the satellites on themselves.

This transmission ratio may be greater than 6, preferably still greater than 7. In addition, this ratio may be less than 10, preferably still less than 9. This ratio may be approximately equal to 8.

In some embodiments, the compression ratio of the fan in cruising speed is between 1.3 and 1.45. In accordance with the usual definition, the compression ratio of the blower is called the ratio of the total pressure averaged in volume of a mass of air given at the inlet of the blower to the total pressure averaged in volume of this same mass of air at the outlet of the blower. A relatively low compression ratio increases the performance of the turbojet engine.

In some embodiments, the compression ratio of the compressor is greater than or equal to 25 at a speed of rotation of the compressor of 15,500 revolutions per minute. Such a compression ratio is adapted to the aerodynamics of the compressor and of the turbine. For example, the compressor can comprise at least eight stages of movable blades, preferably at least nine or ten stages.

In some embodiments, the overall pressure ratio is greater than or equal to 30 at the top of the climb (in English "top of climb"). The overall pressure ratio, called in general overall pressure ratio or OPR, is the ratio of the total pressure of the air leaving the compressor to the total pressure of the air entering the blower. The so-called “top of climb” point is the point at which the ascent to cruising altitude is completed, this point being conventionally calculated so that the ascent is as economical and short as possible. A high OPR makes it possible to improve the thermal efficiency, therefore the performance of the gas generator of the turbojet engine. An OPR of between 30 and 40 may appear less advantageous than on twin-body turbojets, but this is offset by a gain in simplicity, operability and significant cost. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the values of the quantities mentioned in this presentation are measured when the turbojet is stationary in a standard atmosphere, as defined by the manual of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Doc 7488/3, ^3rd edition, and the level of the sea.

The present disclosure also relates to a turbojet engine comprising a blower, a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine configured to drive the blower in rotation via a first reducer and the compressor via a second reducer, in which an outlet of the first reduction gear is coupled in rotation to an inlet of the second reduction gear by a reduction shaft, the reduction shaft being supported by a bearing arranged between the first reduction gear and the second reduction gear. Thus, it is understood that the aforementioned bearing can be arranged axially between the first reduction gear and the second reduction gear.

The bearing can be supported relative to a fixed casing of the turbojet engine, in particular fixed relative to the combustion chamber.

Thanks to the fact that the reduction shaft is supported by a bearing arranged between the first reduction gear and the second reduction gear, the turbojet engine has a good dynamic situation, that is to say good mechanical and aerodynamic behavior in regime of operation, and of the main vibratory eigen modes, that is to say damaging to the turbojet engine, located outside of the operating regime. In addition, said bearing makes it possible to properly maintain the first reducer and the second reducer, avoiding or limiting the dynamic couplings between these two reducers.

In some embodiments, the bearing is a roller bearing. Said bearing therefore allows axial movement of the reduction shaft.

In some embodiments, the bearing is supported by said housing. Thanks to the fact that the bearing is supported by the internal casing, the bearing support structure can be simplified, which limits the increase in the mass of the turbojet engine, simplifies its general structure and improves its performance.

In some embodiments, which said bearing is arranged radially outside the compressor shaft, the turbine shaft and the reduction shaft. This further optimizes the dynamic situation of the turbojet engine.

In some embodiments, the reduction shaft is a planet carrier common to the first reducer and the second reducer.

In addition to the characteristics which have just been mentioned, the proposed turbojet engine may include one or more other bearings according to the characteristics among the following, considered in isolation or according to technically possible combinations:

- a fan bearing arranged between the fan shaft and the casing. The fan bearing supports the fan shaft relative to the casing;

- a compressor bearing arranged between the compressor shaft and the casing. The compressor bearing, also called the first compressor bearing, supports the compressor shaft relative to the casing;

- A second bearing, such as a roller bearing, arranged to support the reduction shaft. Using two roller bearings to support the reduction shaft prevents hyperstatism;

- an inter-shaft bearing, for example with rollers, arranged between the compressor shaft and the turbine shaft. The inter-shaft bearing can be arranged radially between the compressor shaft and the turbine shaft and support these two shafts relative to each other;

a compressor bearing arranged between the compressor shaft and a structural member downstream from the compressor, said structural member possibly being, for example, the casing of the combustion chamber or the diffuser situated between the compressor and the combustion chamber. The compressor bearing, also called the second compressor bearing, supports the compressor shaft relative to the structural member.

The present disclosure also relates to a turbofan engine, comprising a fan, a casing disposed downstream of the fan and separating a primary stream from a secondary stream, a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine being arranged in the primary stream, the turbojet engine comprising a differential transmission coupled to the turbine, and a power supply device configured to supply additional power to that supplied by the turbine to drive the compressor.

Thanks to the fact that the turbojet engine includes a power supply device configured to provide additional power to that supplied by the turbine to drive the compressor, it is possible, depending on the regime, to operate the compressor within a range desired operation while the turbine alone, in the regime considered, especially at low speed, would not allow operation in this range. As a result, the performance of the turbojet engine is further improved, regardless of the operating regime of the turbojet engine.

In addition, the presence of such a power supply device proves to be advantageous compared to other existing technologies, such as a primary or secondary stream nozzle with variable section, a fan with variable setting. , or even the adaptation of certain parameters 10 of the engine, in particular for reasons of simplicity and operability.

In certain embodiments, the turbojet engine further comprises a control unit configured to control the power supply device as a function of a speed of rotation of the turbine. Thus, the power supply device can be controlled as a function of the speed of the turbojet engine. This makes it possible to finely adapt the parameters of the turbojet engine and to optimize the operation of the turbojet engine.

In certain embodiments, the power supply device comprises an electric motor configured to drive the compressor in rotation. In these embodiments, the power supply device can be controlled very flexibly, according to the power requirements, in particular continuously over a range covering the zero power up to the maximum dimensioning power of the device. 'power input.

In some embodiments, the power supply device comprises an electric generator configured to be driven by the turbine. The electric generator can be configured to power the above-mentioned electric motor, directly or via electricity storage means.

In fact, in certain embodiments, the turbojet engine comprises electricity storage means electrically connected to the electric motor or to the electric generator. Thus, during certain flight phases, for example at high speed, the turbine can drive the electric generator so that the excess mechanical power is stored, in electric form, in the electricity storage means. During other flight phases, for example at low speed, the compressor can be driven by the turbine and by the electric motor, the electric motor drawing its energy from the electricity storage means. However, other variations are possible. For example, instead of being recharged by an electric generator driven by the turbine, the electricity storage means could be recharged using a power supply external to the turbojet.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the power supply device comprises a connector configured to be connected to an external electrical supply.

In some embodiments, the power supply device comprises a variable mechanical transmission coupled on the one hand to the compressor shaft, on the other hand to the turbine shaft. Thus, the variable mechanical transmission makes it possible to extract power from the turbine to drive the compressor, said power being able to be regulated, for example according to the speed of the turbojet engine. The variable mechanical transmission can be connected or disconnected from the compressor and / or the turbine. The variable mechanical transmission can transmit a fixed or variable proportion of the power from the turbine to the compressor. The variable mechanical transmission may include any of the following: a clutch, a gearbox, a variator, etc.

In some embodiments, the power supply device comprises an electromagnetic transmission coupled on the one hand to the compressor shaft, on the other hand to the turbine shaft. The electromagnetic transmission can be, for example, a transmission with magnetic gears. An electromagnetic transmission has many advantages, in particular the absence of mechanical fatigue, lubrication, losses due to mechanical contacts, noise, as well as a very high efficiency.

In some embodiments, the maximum additional power supplied by the power supply device is greater than 1.5 megawatt (MW). Such maximum additional power is useful for compensating for the power not supplied by the turbine during certain revolutions of the turbojet engine.

In certain embodiments, the power supply device is configured to be deactivated when the speed of rotation of the turbine is greater than 95% of the maximum nominal speed of rotation of the turbine. Thus, it is possible to size the power supply device only for operation at moderate mechanical speeds where its role is useful, thus minimizing its mass and its complexity. For example, the power supply device can be configured to be deactivated when the turbine rotation speed is sufficient to drive the compressor alone at a speed reduced by at least 50% of the nominal speed, preferably at least 70 %. Conversely, the power supply device can be configured to be activated when the turbine rotation speed is insufficient to drive the compressor alone at a speed reduced by at least 50% of the nominal speed, preferably at least 70%. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, of embodiments given by way of nonlimiting examples. This description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a turbojet engine according to one embodiment;

- Figure 2 schematically illustrates an axial half-section of a turbojet engine according to a second embodiment;

- Figure 3 schematically illustrates an axial half-section of a turbojet engine according to a third embodiment;

- Figure 4 schematically illustrates an axial half-section of a turbojet engine according to a fourth embodiment;

- Figure 5 schematically illustrates an axial half-section of a turbojet engine according to a fifth embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS A turbojet engine 10 according to one embodiment is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. In this case, the turbojet engine 10 is a double-flow single-body turbojet engine. In fact, the turbojet engine 10 comprises a fan 20, an internal casing 30 disposed downstream of the fan 20 and separating a primary stream 12 from a secondary stream 14. A compressor 60, a combustion chamber 70 and a turbine 80 are arranged in the primary vein 12, from upstream to downstream. Because the turbojet engine 10 is a single body, it comprises a single rotating assembly comprising the compressor 60 and the turbine 80. In this case, the turbojet engine comprises a single compressor 60 driven directly or indirectly by a single turbine 80, the turbine 80 being set in motion by the combustion gases coming from the combustion chamber 70.

The fan 20 may include a moving blade wheel. The blower 20 can be dimensioned so that its compression ratio at cruising speed is between 1.3 and 1.45, at a rotational speed of approximately 2600 revolutions per minute. The diameter of the blower 20 can be between 2 and 2.7 meters, more precisely between 2.2 meters and 2.4 meters. By diameter of the fan 20, we will understand here the radial distance between the axis of the turbojet engine 10 and the head of the fan blades.

The compressor 60 may comprise between five and fifteen stages, in particular between eight and twelve stages, preferably approximately ten stages, each stage being formed by a fixed blade wheel and a movable blade wheel. It will be recalled that the moving blades of the stages of the same compressor are integral in rotation about the axis of the compressor. The compressor can be dimensioned so that its compression ratio is greater than or equal to twenty-five at a rotation speed of approximately 15,500 revolutions per minute, which can correspond to the cruising speed.

Thus, in this embodiment, the OPR of the turbojet engine 10 can be greater than or equal to thirty.

The turbine 80 may comprise between two and six stages, in particular between three and five stages, preferably approximately four stages. It will be recalled that the moving blades of the stages of the same turbine are integral in rotation about the axis of the turbine. The turbine can be designed to rotate at around 8600 revolutions per minute at cruising speed.

In this embodiment, the turbine 80 rotates the compressor 60. The turbine 80 also rotates the fan 20. More specifically, the turbojet engine 10 comprises a differential transmission coupled to the turbine 80. In this case , as illustrated in FIG. 1, the differential transmission is coupled to the fan 20 and to the compressor 60 and comprises, here, a first reduction gear 40 configured to modify the transmission speed ratio between the turbine 80 and the fan 20, and a second reduction gear 50 configured to modify the rotational speed transmission ratio between the turbine 80 and the compressor 60.

In this embodiment, the dilution ratio between the secondary vein 14 and the primary vein 12, also called BPR, is greater than or equal to twelve, preferably greater than or equal to fourteen, or even 14.5. In this embodiment, such a BPR can be achieved thanks to the diameter of the blower, the compression ratio of the blower and the number of stages of the turbine 80. However, other parameters could be brought into play: For example, a high BPR can also be reached by the joint increase in the OPR and the inlet temperature of the turbine, this conjunction helping to reduce the mass flow rate of the primary vein, therefore increasing the BPR.

As indicated above, in the turbojet engine 10, the speed of rotation of the fan 20 can be decoupled from that of the compressor 60. For example, the ratio of the speed of rotation of the compressor 60 to the speed of rotation of the fan 20 can be between 5.5 and 6.5 at full power points. In addition, unlike a single differential reducer, the use of two reducers makes it possible to alleviate the mechanical and aerodynamic stresses on the turbine 80.

Figures 2 to 5 show the turbojet engine 10 in other embodiments. In these figures, the elements corresponding or identical to those of the first embodiment will receive the same reference sign and will not be described again.

FIG. 2 illustrates in more detail the structure of the turbojet engine 10.

It is noted first of all that due to the presence of the differential transmission, the fan shaft 22, the compressor shaft 62 and the turbine shaft 82 are separate from each other.

As shown in Figure 2, the first gear 40 is a differential gear having an input wheel 44, in this case a sun gear (also called sun gear 44), integral in rotation with the turbine 80, here via a turbine shaft 82, and a first output wheel 48, in this case a crown (also called crown 48), integral in rotation with the fan 20, here via a fan shaft 22. Preferably, the ratio RI of the number of teeth of the first output wheel 48 of the number of teeth of the input wheel 44 is greater than 1 and is worth, in this embodiment, approximately 1.5.

The sun gear 44 and the ring gear 48 are engaged by means of satellites 46. One or more satellites 46 may be provided. For the purposes of the present description, the expression "in engagement" translates a reciprocal engagement of two elements, whether this engagement is mechanical, electromagnetic or of another nature. The planet carrier 42 connected to the satellite (s) 46 forms the second output wheel of the first reduction gear 40.

Furthermore, the second reduction gear 50 is an epicyclic reduction gear. As indicated previously, the second reduction gear 50 has an input wheel integral in rotation with the second output wheel 42 of the first reduction gear 40. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the planet carrier 42 forms both the second output wheel of the first reduction gear 40 and the input wheel of the second reduction gear 50. As a result, the planet carrier 42 also forms a reduction shaft between the first reduction gear 40 and the second reduction gear 50. Subsequently, in this embodiment, the following terms will be used interchangeably: satellite carriers 42, reduction shaft, second output wheel of the first reduction gear 40, input wheel of the second reduction gear 50. However, in general, these members may be distinct one from the other another, in which case an output of the first reduction gear 40 is coupled in rotation to an input of the second reduction gear 50 by a reduction shaft 42.

The transmission shaft 42 is a planet carrier for the first reducer 40 and, independently, is also a planet carrier for the second reducer 50. Thus, the second reducer 50 comprises one or more satellites 56 whose revolution is caused by the rotation of the planet carrier 42.

The second reduction gear 50 comprises, in addition to its input wheel 42, an output wheel 54, in this case a sun gear (also called sun gear 54), integral in rotation with the compressor 60, here via a compressor shaft 62 In this embodiment, the sun gear 54 is engaged with the satellites 56. The satellites 56 may moreover be engaged with a ring gear 58, here fixed relative to the casing 30.

Preferably, the ratio R2 of the number of teeth of the crown 58 of the second reduction gear 50 to the number of teeth of a satellite 56 is greater than 2 and is worth, in this embodiment, approximately

7.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the abovementioned RI ratio is less than the R2 ratio.

The second reduction gear can be dimensioned to have a transmission ratio greater than 3, for example worth approximately 8.

As shown in Figure 2, the first and second reducers 40, 50 are coaxial.

Bearings can be provided to support the aforementioned trees. In particular, the reduction shaft 42 can be supported by a bearing 41 arranged between the first reduction gear 40 and the second reduction gear 50, so as to improve the dynamic situation of the differential transmission. More precisely, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the bearing 41, in this case a roller bearing, is arranged axially between the first reduction gear 40 and the second reduction gear 50, and radially between the reduction shaft 42 and the casing 30 , to support the reduction shaft 42 relative to the casing 30.

If necessary, the reduction shaft 42 can be supported by a second bearing 43. The second bearing 43 can be provided at the front of the first reducer 40 or, as shown in FIG. 2, at the rear of the second reduction gear 50. The second bearing 43 can be a roller bearing. The second bearing 43 can be arranged radially between the reduction shaft 42 and the casing 30. The second bearing 43 can support the reduction shaft 42 relative to the casing 30.

Furthermore, the fan shaft 22, the compressor shaft 62 and the turbine shaft 82 may each, independently of each other, be supported by at least one bearing, or, in this embodiment , at least two levels.

According to one example, the fan shaft 22 is supported relative to the casing 30 by a front fan bearing 21 and a rear fan bearing 23. Furthermore, according to an example, the compressor shaft 62 is supported by a front compressor bearing 61 relative to the casing 30, and by a rear compressor bearing 63 relative to a structural member 72 downstream of the compressor, here a combustion chamber casing. Furthermore, according to one example, the turbine shaft 82 is supported by a rear turbine bearing 83 relative to an exhaust casing 84, also known as a "rear frame turbine" (TRF).

Furthermore, the compressor shaft 62 can be coaxial with the turbine shaft 82 and fitted externally on the turbine shaft 62. In this perspective, an inter-shaft bearing 81 can be arranged arranged between the compressor shaft 62 and turbine shaft 82, in particular radially between these two shafts. The inter-shaft bearing 81 supports the compressor shaft 62 relative to the turbine shaft 82 and allows their relative rotation.

For each of these shafts 22, 62, 82, it can be provided that one of the bearings provides an axial locking of the shaft, for example in the form of a ball bearing, while the other bearings allows an axial movement of the shaft, for example in the form of a roller bearing, to avoid hyperstatism while controlling the axial position of the shaft.

In this example, the front fan bearing 21 and the inter-shaft bearing 81 are roller bearings, while the fan and rear turbine bearings 23, 83, are ball bearings. In this example, the front compressor bearing 61 is a ball bearing, while the rear compressor bearing is a roller bearing.

It is noted that to further improve the dynamics, in this case by reducing the length of the trees concerned 22, 62, 82 so that their natural modes intervene at higher speeds potentially outside the operating regime of the turbojet, it is possible to position the ball bearings 23, 61 as close as possible to the inlet casing of the fan 20 and of the compressor 60, respectively. For example, it is possible to place said bearings as close to the inlet casing of the fan 20 and of the compressor 60, respectively, as allowed by the geometry of these casings.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first bearing 41 supporting the reduction shaft 42 can be a so-called "large radius" bearing, that is to say the radius of which is relatively close to that of the casing 30 on which it is fixed. In this case, said bearing 41 is arranged radially outside the compressor shaft 62, the turbine shaft 82 and the reduction shaft 42.

Note that due to the simplified structure of the turbojet 10, a fortiori for a turbojet 10 with a single body, the distance between the bearings supporting the same shaft can be reduced compared to the more complex architectures currently developed. This results in better rotation dynamics of the components of the turbojet engine 10. In general, the reduction in the length to diameter ratio of a shaft makes it possible to improve the dynamics of the shaft.

From the point of view of mass, the inventors estimate the gain in mass between 5% and 15% for the turbojet engine 10 of the second embodiment, compared with a conventional double-flow double-body engine with single reducer.

In the third to fifth embodiments, shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 respectively, in order to reduce the risk that the compressor 60 is at too low speed when the turbine 80 is running in idle speed, provision may be made for a power supply device 90 configured to supply additional power to that supplied by the turbine 80 to drive the compressor 60. Of course, such a power supply device can be compatible with the embodiments previously described.

The power supply device can be of a diverse nature. For example, in the third embodiment, the power supply device 90 comprises an electric motor 91 configured to drive the compressor 60 in rotation. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the electric motor 91 can be engaged with the compressor shaft 62. The electrical energy of the electric motor 91 can come from an electric generator 92 configured to be driven by the turbine 80, or more precisely by the turbine shaft 82, in this embodiment.

Alternatively or in addition, the power supply device 90 may comprise a connector 94 configured to be connected to an electrical supply external to the turbojet engine and to supply the electric motor 91 with the necessary electrical energy, it being understood that the power additional to drive the compressor 60 despite the idle speed of the turbine 80 is useful essentially when the turbojet engine 10 operates in idle speed, on the ground as well as in flight, for example during the descent phase.

Alternatively or in addition, as illustrated in FIG. 4 with reference to the fourth embodiment, the electrical energy intended to supply the electric motor 91 can come from electricity storage means 96 electrically connected to the electric motor. If necessary, the electricity storage means 96 can be connected to the electric generator 92 or to the connector 94 illustrated in the third embodiment. Depending on the configuration, the electricity storage means 96 can act as a buffer for accumulating the energy produced by the electric generator 92 independently of its consumption by the electric motor 91.

The electricity storage means 96 may include one or more batteries, or any other suitable storage means.

However, it is not necessary for the power supplied by the power supply device 90 to pass in electrical form. In the fifth embodiment, represented in FIG. 5, the power supply device 90 comprises a variable mechanical or electromagnetic transmission coupled on the one hand to the shaft 62 of the compressor 60, on the other hand to the shaft 82 of the turbine 80. More specifically, the power supply device 90 comprises a first engagement element 98a integral in rotation with the compressor shaft 62, a second engagement element 98b integral in rotation with the shaft turbine 82. The first and second engagement elements 98a, 98b can be engaged with each other, in a variable manner (which includes the possibility of decoupling them), by means of a mechanical connection 98c or electromagnetic. For example, the link 98c can be a clutch, a differential system, an electromagnetic coupler or any other variable transmission of mechanical energy.

The third, fourth and fifth embodiments have this in common that the power supplied to the compressor 60 by the power supply device 90 is variable and can be controlled. For this purpose, a control unit 99 can be provided configured to control the power supply device 90. For example, the control unit 99 can control the power supply device according to a speed of rotation of the turbine 80 or of another parameter representative of the speed of the turbojet engine 10. For example, it may be useful to activate the power supply device 90 when the turbine rotates at a speed less than or equal to 95% of its maximum nominal rotation speed, and deactivating the power supply device 90 for a turbine rotation speed greater than 95% of its maximum nominal rotation speed. Thus, even when the turbine 80 is idling, the compressor 60 can be maintained in a stable rotation regime and offering good operability, that is to say an ability to maintain the stabilized and transient operating points of the turbomachine at a distance sufficiently far from the areas of aerodynamic instability.

The power supply device 90 can be dimensioned so that the maximum additional power supplied by the power supply device can be greater than 1.5 megawatt (MW), preferably greater than or equal to 1, 8 MW, preferably still greater than or equal to 2.1 MW.

Although presented to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 60 when the turbine 80 is idling, the power supply device 90 can, incidentally, be used as assistance in the acceleration of the turbojet engine 10, for example during during startup or during rapid transient maneuvers.

Furthermore, the power supply device can be used in the context of a turbofan engine with double body and double flow, which comprises, in addition to the aforementioned compressor and turbine which form a high pressure body, a low pressure compressor or booster and a low pressure turbine, positioned on either side of the high pressure body and forming a low pressure body. The low pressure compressor is driven by the low pressure turbine. For example, the power supply device can be used to supply power to the high pressure shaft in order to improve the operability of the high pressure compressor by lowering its operating line, which is conventionally defined as the location of the points described in the compressor in a coordinate system [compression ratio;

reduced mass flow], during all possible engine operating conditions, in particular between full throttle and idling. When the power supply device is used, the power supplied can be taken from the low pressure shaft, which improves the operability of the low pressure compressor by lowering its operating line.

Although the present description refers to specific exemplary embodiments, modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, individual features of the various illustrated / mentioned embodiments can be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and the drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

Claims (8)

1. Double-flow single-body turbojet engine (10), comprising a blower (20), a casing (30) disposed downstream of the blower (20) and separating a primary stream (12) from a secondary stream (14), a compressor (60), a combustion chamber (70) and a turbine (80) being arranged in the primary stream (12), the turbojet engine comprising a differential transmission (40, 50) coupled to the turbine (80), in which the dilution ratio between the secondary vein (14) and the primary vein (12) is greater than or equal to 12, the differential transmission comprises a first reduction gear (40) configured to modify the speed of transmission ratio between the turbine (80 ) and the blower (20) and a second reduction gear (50) configured to modify the rotational speed transmission ratio between the turbine (80) and the compressor (60), in which the first reduction gear (40) is a differential reduction gear having an input wheel (44) integral with a rotat ion of the turbine (80), a first output wheel (48) integral in rotation with the blower (20), a second output wheel (42) integral in rotation with an input wheel of the second reducer (42) , and the second reduction gear (50) is a planetary reduction gear having an output wheel (54) integral in rotation with the compressor (60). 2. A turbojet engine according to claim 1, in which the ratio of the number of teeth of the first output wheel (48) of the first reduction gear (40) to the number of teeth of the input wheel (44) of the first reduction gear (40) ) is greater than 1. 3. Turbojet engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the number of teeth of the crown (58) of the second reduction gear (50) on the number of teeth of the output wheel (54) of the second reduction gear (50) is greater than 2. 4. A turbojet engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the ratio of the number of teeth of the first output wheel (48) of the first reduction gear (40) to the number of teeth of the input wheel (44 ) of the first reduction gear (40) is less than the ratio of the number of teeth of the crown (58) of the second reduction gear (50) to the number of teeth of the output wheel (54) of the second reduction gear (50). 5. A turbojet engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the second reduction gear (50) has a transmission ratio greater than 3. 6. Turbojet engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the compression ratio of the fan (20) in cruising speed is between 1.3 and 1.45. 7. A turbojet engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the compression ratio of the compressor (60) is greater than or equal to 25 at a speed of rotation of the compressor of 15500 revolutions per minute. 8. Turbojet engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the overall pressure ratio is greater than or equal to 30 at the top of the climb.