FR3079603A1 - SOLAR SENSOR DEVICE, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar collector installation (1) in particular for construction (3), the installation (1) comprising at least one solar collector device (2) characterized in that said solar collector device (2) comprises at least one housing (4) equipped with at least one solar energy collection tube (5) folded into the housing, the collection tube (5) being flexible and connected upstream to a water supply (6) to heated, and connected downstream to at least one washing device (8a-8d, 13) or at least one domestic hot water tank (7), in particular a hot water tank (7a) and / or a pool (7b) and / or an aquarium and / or paddling pool. The invention further relates to a solar collector device and an associated construction.

Description

SOLAR COLLECTOR DEVICE, ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION

The present invention relates to an installation and a solar collector device, in particular for the production of domestic hot water. The invention further relates to an installation comprising such a device, and to a construction comprising such an installation.

In the field of domestic hot water production, energy producing the heat necessary for heating the water is required. Several devices of the prior art are based on the use of fossil fuels, wood, coal, fuel oil, gas or electricity. These solutions generally involve considerable costs of supplying raw materials and transporting them in certain cases. In addition, many of these solutions are unsatisfactory from an ecological point of view.

Thus, it has been proposed solar water heaters using solar energy. The solar water heaters of the prior art are generally in a closed circuit and associated with an active system such as a pump or a thermosyphon system for transporting the water to or outside the water heater. In addition, these devices generally use an at least partially chemical heat transfer fluid, which receives solar energy to then heat the consumable water. Unfortunately, these devices have a complex constitution requiring specific equipment at high cost. In addition, the maintenance of this type of device requires specific skills. In addition, these devices require the use of heat transfer fluids that are not satisfactory from an ecological point of view.

In addition, depending on the location of the water heater installation, freezing periods may occur, and result in deterioration of the water heaters via the freeze / thaw phases of the water used.

A first objective of the invention is to propose a solar collector device and an associated installation being more ecological than in the prior art.

A second objective is to propose a solar collector device and an associated installation of simplified constitution compared to the prior art, and whose maintenance would be facilitated.

A third objective is to propose a solar collector device and an associated installation which can withstand sufficiently freeze / thaw phases.

To do this, the invention provides a solar collector installation, in particular for construction, the installation comprising at least one solar collector device characterized in that said solar collector device comprises at least one housing equipped with at least one solar energy collection tube folded back into the housing, the collection tube being flexible and connected upstream to a water supply to be heated, in particular to a sanitary water supply network of a construction, and connected in downstream to at least one washing device (8a-8d, 13) or to at least one domestic hot water tank, in particular a hot water tank and / or a swimming pool and / or an aquarium and / or a paddling pool .

Advantageously, the installation and the solar collector device make it possible to use the hot water in the solar energy collection tube without requiring any non-ecological heat transfer fluid.

In addition, the solar collector device can be in an open circuit and does not require an active system such as pumps and thermosiphons associated with complex mechanics, which greatly simplifies the constitution of the device without limiting its effectiveness. This results in easier maintenance.

In addition, the flexible collection tube makes it possible to resist the freeze / thaw phases by compiling variations in the volumes of water in these phases.

In addition, the folded tube forms a reservoir making it possible to store a large quantity of heated water relative to the surface exposed to the sun.

According to other aspects taken in isolation or combined according to all technically feasible combinations:

- Said water tank is a hot water tank or a water heater connected to at least one household washing appliance; and / or the installation comprises at least one stop means, in particular at least one valve and a connector making it possible to connect said tank directly to the sanitary water supply network of a construction; and or

- The installation comprises at least one temperature sensor, coupled with at least one electronic stop means, in particular at least one solenoid valve and a control unit for controlling the solenoid valves as a function of the temperatures recorded.

The invention further relates to a solar collector device for an installation according to one of the preceding claims, the device comprising at least one housing fitted with at least one solar energy collection tube folded back into the housing, the housing comprising a lower panel below the collection tube and a transparent or translucent upper panel above the collection tube, characterized in that the collection tube is flexible and is configured to receive domestic water.

According to other aspects taken in isolation or combined according to all technically feasible combinations:

- The solar energy collection tube comprises a polymer network, preferably crosslinked polyethylene; and or

- the solar energy collection tube is dark in color; and or

- the part of the housing opposite the solar energy collection tube, with the exception of the upper panel, is dark in color; and or

- the solar energy collection tube is arranged in a spiral; and or

- the upper panel includes glass or plexiglass; and or

- the lower panel includes wood.

Another object of the invention relates to a construction comprising an installation according to the invention or at least one solar collector device according to the invention.

The invention will be further detailed by the description of non-limiting embodiments, and on the basis of the appended figures in which:

- Figure 1 is a diagram of different elements used in the construction or installation according to the invention;

- Figure 2A illustrates in detail, a first configuration, of a solar collector device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 2B illustrates in a simplified manner, a second configuration of a solar collector device according to a variant of the invention;

- Figure 3 is a diagram of a first installation according to a variant of the invention;

- Figures 4A to 4C illustrate different arrangements of several solar collectors together.

- Figure 5 illustrates · part of a second installation according to a variant of the invention, ·

- Figure 6 illustrates part of a third installation, according to a variant of the invention;

- Figure 7 illustrates part of a fourth installation according to a variant of the invention; and

- the. FIG. 8 illustrates part of a fifth installation according to a variant of the invention.

The present invention relates to an installation 1 and. a solar collector device 2, du. type using solar energy to directly heat domestic water. We will also talk about a solar panel. In particular, the device 2 according to the invention is ecological and has a simplified constitution because it does not require a heat-transfer fluid or a thermosyphon system.

The installation 1 of the invention is intended for constructions 3, in particular residential buildings or swimming pool constructions whether or not associated with a dwelling. It can also be adapted to any system with a body of water to be heated such as an aquarium or a paddling pool. An example of construction comprising installation 1 is illustrated in FIG. 1.

The installation 1 comprises at least one particular solar collector device 2. According to the invention, the solar collector device 2 comprises at least one housing 4 equipped with at least one solar energy collection tube 5 folded back into the housing 4. A folded tube 5 makes it possible to have a large collection surface solar.

The solar collector device 2 (solar panel} can be illustrated by FIGS. 2A and 2B. The solar panel can • be fixed to the roof or arranged on the ground preferably in full southern exposure. A solar panel can measure for example 1 m on 3 m; or 1 m by 2 m, namely respectively 2 m ² or 3 m ² sunshine areas per solar panel. In the first case, we can put about 150 m of pipe, and in the second case, 100 meters. 10 meters of pipe, with a diameter of 15 to 20 mm, can contain 1 liter of water. Surprisingly, the inventors have found that the preferred pipe diameters make it possible to optimize the heating of water. at the heart of the pipe, while having a satisfactory capacity.

In addition, the collection tube 5 is flexible. Advantageously, this allows the tube 5 to resist the freeze / thaw phases by compiling variations in the volumes of water in these phases. Ruptures of the tube are thus avoided. In addition, a flexible collapsible tube 5 is easy to mount in the housing. In addition, it is more easily recyclable.

The collection tube 5 is preferably connected upstream to a water supply to be heated, in particular to the sanitary water supply network 6 of the corresponding construction 3. It is in particular a water supply. The water in the distribution network 6 is generally qualitative because there is no significant amount of impurities and microbes, which limits the need for filtration systems. In addition, the collection tube 5 is connected downstream to at least one domestic hot water tank 7. In a first variant, it is a hot water tank 7a or a domestic water heater. Thus, the collection tube 5 is configured to receive sanitary water.

In addition to the tank, the installation 1 can comprise washing devices, for example with a tap, such as at least one sink 8a and / or at least one shower; and / or at least one household washing appliance such as a washing machine 8b and / or a dishwasher 8c. FIG. 3 illustrates an installation comprising a sink 8a, a washing machine 8b and a dishwasher 8c. An 8d shower is also shown. In this type of installation, during periods of sunshine, the water temperatures arriving at the reservoir 7 can be reached between 40 and 80 ° C, or even more. On average in summer in Languedoc-Roussillon, the temperature of the water arriving at the reservoir is 50 ° C in period of sunshine. Tests in March allow reaching between 70 and 80 ° C.

It is possible to envisage connecting the panels directly to at least one washing device 8a, 8d, without departing from the scope of the invention.

In another variant, the hot water tank 7 can be one and / or the other from a swimming pool 7b, an aquarium and a paddling pool. One can also plan to have a swimming pool, an aquarium and / or a paddling pool downstream of a hot water tank 7b as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Advantageously, the installation 1 and the solar collector device 2 are more ecological than the systems of the prior art by the non-necessity of non-ecological heat transfer fluid.

In addition, the solar collector device 2 does not require an active system, such as a thermosiphon, associated with complex mechanics, which greatly simplifies the constitution of the device without limiting its effectiveness. This results in easier maintenance.

In addition, the folded tube 5 forms a reservoir making it possible to store a large quantity of heated water with respect to the surface exposed to the sun. This reservoir can be increased by combining several solar collector devices in series 10 and / or in parallel. Examples of series and parallel mounting of solar panels are illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4C. Alternatively or in combination, tanks 7a can also be mounted in series or in parallel. An example of series and parallel mounting of tanks is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Alternatively, the solar energy collection tube 5 is arranged in a spiral in the housing 4. Surprisingly, the inventors have found that a spiral arrangement has more heating efficiency than a serpentine arrangement sinusoidal. To simplify the other figures, the spiral arrangement has been illustrated in detail in FIG. 2A.

Alternatively, the housing of the solar collector device 2 comprises a lower panel 9 below the collection tube 5 and a transparent or translucent upper panel 10 25 above the collection tube 5. Advantageously, the upper panel 10 improves the 'Effectiveness of the device 2 by implementing a greenhouse effect in the housing 4 which further heats the solar collection tube 5. The top panel 10 may include glass, plexiglass or organic glass. Glass 30 allows a better greenhouse heating efficiency but can be heavy. Plexiglass or organic glass allow a lighter and less expensive product, but can be fragile.

According to a variant, the solar energy collection tube 5 comprises a polymer network, preferably crosslinked polyethylene. This type of polymer is marketed under the name "retube". This type of polymer has a high sensitivity to UV which results in efficient heating of the water contained therein. In addition, this material makes it possible to have a very high thermal expansion which makes it possible to increase the water capacity and the compliance in particular in the radial direction.

The reticulated polyethylene collection tube 5 filled with sanitary water can withstand temperatures ranging from -15 to 100 ° C., where a rigid tube such as a copper tube would rupture in such a temperature range. To a flask of water hot water having a set at 60 ^e C, water at 50 ° C arriving at the ball 7a is heated to 10 ° C additional unlike conventional systems where water needs to be heated from 25 to 60 ° C. This results in substantial energy savings for users, which can reach 800 to 900 euros per year in Languedoc Roussillon (France).

Alternatively, the solar energy collection tube is dark in color. In addition, alternately or in combination, the part of the housing 4 opposite the solar energy collection tube, with the exception of the upper panel 10, is dark in color. It is in particular a black color, for example a black paint. Advantageously, the dark color makes it possible to significantly absorb light to improve the efficiency of the solar collector. Surprisingly, the inventors have noticed that a tube 5 of crosslinked polyethylene makes it possible to have a temperature going from 25 to 40 ° C. This same tube 5 painted in black made it possible to gain an additional 15 to 20 ° C.

Alternatively, the bottom panel 9 of the housing 4 includes wood. Advantageously, wood is a good insulator making it possible to conserve heat in the case 4 to heat the collection tube, and to prevent the heat from being dissipated below the case 4. In addition, wood is an ecological material.

A chipboard panel can be used to limit the weight of the device 2. In addition, such wooden panels are easy to obtain and are easily recyclable.

The rest of the housing 4, in particular the lateral contour of the housing 4 may be made of metal, for example galvanized steel. This allows for good rigidity. Alternatively, the rest of the housing 4 can also be made of plastic, for example PVC. This makes it easier to manufacture the contour industrially.

The solar collector device 2 can be mounted in several variant installations.

According to a variant, the hot water tank 7a or the water heater is connected to at least one household washing appliance 8a, 8b. Advantageously, this aspect makes it possible to use hot water in these devices by limiting the need for electrical energy for heating. If the heating temperature target is not reached, electric heating is used for the residual temperature difference.

According to a variant, the installation 1 comprises at least one stop means 11, in particular at least one valve 11a and a connector 11b making it possible to connect said tank 7 directly to the sanitary water supply network 6 of a construction 3. This arrangement makes it possible to use the sanitary network normally by deactivating the solar water heater part of the invention, for example when the outside temperature and the sunshine are unfavorable.

It is also possible to envisage a variant in which the installation 1 comprises at least one temperature sensor 12, coupled to at least one electronic stop means, in particular at least one solenoid valve and a control unit for controlling the solenoid valves as a function recorded temperatures. This arrangement makes it possible to automatically control the water flows to the solar collector device 2 or in a conventional circuit.

The invention further relates to a construction 3 comprising an installation 1 as described above or at least one solar collector device 2 as described above. The construction 3 can be residential buildings or constructions of swimming pools associated or not with a dwelling.

The number of solar collector devices 2 can be adapted to the needs of construction 3.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of construction 3 comprising a swimming pool associated with washing devices 13, in particular showers 13a and handwashes 13b. In this variant, the swimming pool 7b serves as a reservoir for using hot water and the solar panels 2 serve to heat the necessary water. For example, a pump 14 is provided for a continuous passage of the water from the swimming pool 7b to the solar panels 2. Depending on the draft of the water at the level of the washing devices 13, of the domestic sanitary water 6 will be necessary to fill the panel 2 and pool 7b assembly.

If necessary, an additional hot water supply 15 can be provided for the showers and the wash basins.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of installation 1 comprising several storage tanks 7a. This installation. 1 includes three parallel 1000 L tanks coupled in series with four 300 L tanks. This installation 1 can be coupled with an extent of 120 m ² of solar panels, for example over 20 meters in length by 18 meters in width. The tank or tanks can be placed in a technical room. This makes it possible to limit losses linked to outside temperatures.

The system may include a bypass. 16 for recirculating cold water in the event of frost.

The whole can supply, for example, collective housing.

In another variant (not shown), the installation according to the invention can be for a water production system. In this variant, the tank of the installation can be a part of a device for producing water by condensation and / or by evaporation. Water in. downstream of the panel is then transformed into dew and / or water vapor then recovered to have pure fresh water.

Thus, the water supply can come from a tank or a stream such as a river, a sea or an ocean.

In another variant (not shown), the installation according to the invention can be for an electricity production system. In this variant, the installation tank can be part of an electricity production device equipped with a turbine. The hot water in the tank is brought to a boil so as to create water vapor which drives a turbine for producing electricity. In · countries where the sunshine reaches temperatures of more than 35 ° C or even more than 45 ° C, it can be estimated that the efficiency of solar panels allows to reach temperatures of 100 “C or more. The evaporation and the speed of the water vapor can be improved by additional technical means such as additional heating, for example by means of an electrical resistance, and / or a low pressure system making it possible to reduce the temperature d 'boiling.

In particular, one or more large balloons for example of

3000 or 5000 L fitted with an electrical resistance if necessary can be used. The installation can include 3 3000 L balloons associated with 200 m ² of panels, for example two 1m by 100m solar panels. Im ² allowing to have 5 liters of hot water for one hour of sunshine, We can arrive at more than 5,000 liters of hot water per day and increase this capacity with more solar panels, more tanks and / or larger tank capacities.

The connections between tanks in a technical room can include a manifold connected upstream to several tanks, for example one of 2500 L, two of 5000 L and one of 7500 L ·, the manifold being connected downstream to at least one tank, for example of 20,000 L. In such an example 800m ² of solar panels (or more), for example in 8 panels of 100m ² , can produce 20,000 L of water per day.

The installation and the solar collector device according to the invention have a strong ecological interest. Indeed, they are based on recyclable materials. They do not require the use of fossil fuels such as wood, coal, gas. In addition, there is no release of C0 ₂ , nor of polluting element.

In this sense, the invention makes it possible to reduce the temperatures of global warming, preferably with in addition a photovoltaic system.

The renewable energy used means that the invention can be used for a long time without exhausting resources.

Claims (10)

1. Installation of solar collector (1) in particular for construction (3), the installation (1) comprising at least one solar collector device (2) characterized in that said solar collector device (2) comprises at least one housing (4) fitted with at least one solar energy collection tube (5) folded back into the housing, the collection tube (5) being flexible and connected upstream to a water supply (6) to be heated, and connected downstream to at least one washing device (8a8d, 13) or to at least one domestic hot water tank (7), in particular a hot water tank (7a) and / or a swimming pool (7b) and / or an aquarium and / or a paddling pool '. 2. Installation according to the preceding claim, wherein said water tank (7) is a hot water tank (7a) or a water heater connected to at least one household washing appliance (8a, 8b). 3. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one stop means (11), in particular at least one valve (11a) and a connector (11b) making it possible to connect said tank (7) directly to the network d 'sanitary water supply (6) of a building (3). 4. installation according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one temperature sensor (12), coupled with at least one electronic shutdown means, in particular at least one solenoid valve and a control unit for controlling the solenoid valves as a function recorded temperatures. 5. Solar collector device (2) for an installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the device comprising at least one housing (4) equipped with at least one collapsed solar energy collection tube (5) in the housing, the housing (4) comprising a lower panel (9) below the collection tube (5) and an upper transparent or translucent panel (10) above the collection tube (5), characterized in that the collection tube (5) is flexible and is configured to receive domestic water. 6. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the solar energy collection tube (5) comprises a polymer network, preferably crosslinked polyethylene. 7. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the solar energy collection tube (5) is dark in color. 8. Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the part of the housing (4) facing the solar energy collection tube (5), with the exception of the upper panel (10), is dark in color. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar energy collection tube (5) is arranged in a spiral. 10. Construction (3) comprising an installation according to one of claims 1 to 4 or at least one solar collector device (2) according to one of claims 5 to 9.