FR3075822A1 - PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMING AN ORGANIC IMMERSION SUBSTRATE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of transforming an organic substrate. The method comprises a step of placing the organic substrate (1) in a reactor (2) at least part of which has the capacity to exchange certain identified substances (3) in gaseous, liquid or solid form, and a step of immersion of the reactor (2) in an aquatic medium (4). The immersion step consists in lowering the reactor (2) to a predetermined depth (A), maintaining the reactor (2) in a range of predetermined amplitude depths during a predetermined immersion time and extracting the reactor (2) out of the aquatic environment (4).

Description

Process for transforming an organic substrate into immersion The present invention relates to the field of processes for transforming organic substances. The invention relates more specifically to processes for transforming organic substances comprising a step of immersion in a natural or artificial aquatic environment.

These aquatic environments and in particular the marine environment, offer unique physical, chemical and biological conditions, very difficult to achieve on land (temperature, pressure, biological composition of seawater ...) and at energy costs high.

It is known methods for transforming organic substances on land. These processes, both artisanal and industrial, are costly in energy.

It is also known, in patent FR 2 921 934 in the name of the applicant, a process for the vinification of grape must, in which the stage of aging the grape must, previously macerated and fermented, is carried out under water, in a tight, sealed container.

One of the drawbacks of this process is that it is specific to the stage of aging the macerated and fermented grape must. Consequently, it does not allow other reaction processes to be carried out which apply to organic substances other than grape must.

In addition, this process focuses only on the reactions involved in the step of aging the macerated and fermented grape must and therefore does not allow work on the substrate at all times of its transformation. This process, which modifies the reaction hierarchies and their kinetics, makes it possible to obtain and stabilize molecules of interest, in particular aromatic, labile or very long extraction (several tens of years).

The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a process for transforming an organic substrate, characterized in that it comprises: - a step consisting in placing the organic substrate in a reactor, at least part of which is has the capacity to exchange certain materials identified in gaseous, liquid or solid form, - a step of immersing the reactor in an aquatic medium, this immersion step consisting of lowering the reactor to a predetermined depth, maintaining the reactor within a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a predetermined immersion time and extracting the reactor from the aquatic environment.

By "transformation process" means a reaction process resulting in the transformation of the organic substrate into a product.

By "organic substrate" is meant a "main" organic compound on which it is desired to make a modification in order to obtain a product. It should be noted that the product resulting from the transformation of the organic substrate can be a by-product of a reaction route the aim of which is the transformation into a so-called final product. In other words, the by-product, or even the product resulting from the transformation of the organic substrate, can, in turn, be qualified as a substrate in the context of a new transformation.

The substances involved in the context of the invention, whether organic substrates, by-products, products or even reagents, can be in the form of pure bodies or mixture under solid, liquid, gaseous state, or even two- or three-phase mixtures (eg liquid / solid / gas).

The transformation method according to the invention allows the simple production of reaction paths, with a view to the transformation of the organic substrate, which are difficult to carry out on land, and this, in particular thanks to the exchange capacity of all or part from the reactor to certain substances. Indeed, such a property of the reactor allows the entry and / or the exit of said substances according to the reaction needs and the reaction progress of the reactions involved in the transformation of the organic substrate, all under experimental conditions in particular specific and selected physical, chemical and biological.

The method according to the invention also allows an evolution of the conditions under which these reaction paths are carried out, in particular thanks to the range of depths of predetermined amplitude in which the reactor is maintained after it has been lowered into the medium. aquatic, at a chosen depth. It is therefore possible to vary the physical conditions of implementation (for example the pressure and the temperature), these physical conditions impacting the chemical and biological conditions prevailing outside and inside the reactor.

In other words, the method according to the invention makes it possible to initiate or alter reaction pathways of a chemical, biochemical, physical or even microbiological order.

The method can be applied to an entire organism, to one or more organisms, or even to populations or colonies as experimented on microorganisms during vinification. At the time of immersion, the reaction mixture can thus consist of living and / or inert organic substances.

Thus, the method of the invention has the advantage of being able to be applied within the framework of a very wide range of activities, these activities being able to fall as much in the primary sector as in the secondary sector. The fields of activity to which the process according to the invention applies can extend to the field of health, agrifood, art, energy, cosmetics (eg essential oils, absolute, vegetable butters, C02 extracts, vegetable oils, gel, plant powders, marine extract, clay, hydrosol) or materials.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention further comprises a step of on-shore treatment of the contents of the reactor.

Thus, the transformation process offers the advantage of being able to associate one or more reaction pathways obtained on land, with those carried out by immersion, which widens the field of reaction pathways that it is possible to use to lead to the transformation of the substrate into the desired product. Therefore, it becomes possible to combine, before or after the reactor immersion step, an on-shore treatment step during which the substrate or the reagents undergo a treatment aimed respectively at preparing them for step d immersion or to complete the transformation of the substrate which occurred during the immersion step. Consequently, it becomes possible to obtain products of a quality and typicality which it is impossible to obtain with the processes of the prior art.

Advantageously, the land immersion and treatment steps alternate one or more times.

Thus, it is possible to alternate, as required, the steps of immersion and treatment on the ground according to the reaction needs to precise states of progress of the reactions. Such a possibility makes it possible to further improve the quality and typicality of the product obtained, to correct faults in a product.

Advantageously, the reactor comprises at least two internal compartments.

Thus, it is possible to distribute the different substances - organic substrate and other substances present in the reactor - placed in the reactor between different compartments. Consequently, such a distribution makes it possible to vary even more finely the reaction pathways used in the transformation of the organic substrate, for example as a function of the difference in proximity with the wall of the reactor of one substance relative to another. Such a difference in proximity to the wall of the reactor implies physico-chemical consequences which impact the substances and the reaction pathways.

Advantageously, a first compartment comprises said organic substrate and a second compartment comprises an absorbent material intended to fix undesirable molecules for the transformation of the organic substrate and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate during the stage of immersion.

Thus, it is possible depending on the arrangement of these two compartments within the reactor, to provide that the reaction paths planned to take place in one of the compartments are initiated before those associated with the other compartment by example. It is also possible, thanks in particular to an exchange capacity between these compartments, that the reactions associated with the second compartment serve as support for those associated with the first compartment, in particular thanks to the fixing of undesirable molecules or to the supply of reagents.

Advantageously, the reactor is made from at least one material whose density is between 0.3 and 10, preferably a plastic material whose density is between 0.9 to 1.25, more preferably between 0.91 to 0.96 or 1 to 1.25, a mineral material whose density is between 1.85 and 2.6, more preferably between .85 to 1.95 or 2.3 to 2.55, a plant material whose density is between 0.5 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.65 and 0.85, an animal material whose density is between 0.4 and 1.4, more preferably between 1.35, a metallic material whose density is between 2.5 and 8, more preferably between 2.6 to 3 or 6 to 8 or an alloy of such metallic materials.

The reactor material as defined allows exchanges of substance (solid / liquid / gas) and / or energy with the outside, in particular with gases present in large quantities in the underwater / underwater environment.

The material can belong to the following families: - plastic material which can be composed of the following polymers: • biobased and biodegradable polymers polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or plasticized starch (TPS), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) etc. ; • biobased and non-biodegradable polymers: bio-PET, bio-polyolefins, oxodegradable polymers including polyolefins additivated with an oxidizing agent, etc. ; • non-biobased but biodegradable polymers such as HDPE; - pure mineral material such as sand, rock, or assembled such as glass, ceramic, concrete, porcelain; - pure or assembled metallic material such as steel, cast iron, aluminum, titanium; - vegetable matter such as wood, wood fiber, flax fiber, hemp fiber etc. ; - animal material such as wool, silk fiber, spider fiber, leather, bone etc.

All of these materials and their thickness are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, below.

Table 1: Density and thickness range used by family of materials

Table 2: Density range by material The materials mentioned above, in the density ranges mentioned, are materials having the advantage of allowing the production of submersible reactors in an aquatic medium with a very good capacity for exchanging substances between its internal environment and the external aquatic environment.

Advantageously, the reactor is provided with an immersion device intended to keep the reactor submerged at the predetermined depth or in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude and in a desired position.

The function of the immersion device is to keep the reactor submerged at the depth and in the desired position. It can take the form of a ballasting, ballasting and / or fixing system on the bottom of the aquatic environment.

In the case of a ballasting system, a heavy material is attached to the reactor to provide it with adequate stability or hold it in place. Ballast can be integral with the reactor or offset, like a concrete block system used to create anchor points. In the case of integral ballast, it can be located on the external wall of the reactor or be placed inside the latter. By using a cementitious material, the ballast can also combine the ballasting and fluid absorption function

due to its porous nature. The ballast can also be zero in the case where the weight of the reactor and its contents are sufficient to cancel the buoyancy. It can be composed of pure materials, of simple or complex alloy based on metals, plastic, wood, concrete, and more generally be of mineral or vegetable origin, but will in any case be of density greater than that of water from the aquatic environment in which the reactor is immersed.

In the case of a ballasting system, this function is provided by large water tanks more or less filled and which replace heavy material. The ballasting system can be automated, so that the tanks are filled with water or air, in order to immerse and raise the reactor.

In the case of an attachment to the bottom of the aquatic environment, the reactor can be maintained by attachment to: - a natural attachment point or already arranged on the site (eg hook on the bottom of channels) ; - a structure located on the surface or at the bottom of the site; - a system connecting a high point and a low point to suspend the reactor, - a mobile motorized element.

Advantageously, the aquatic environment contains the materials identified. Preferably the aquatic environment is a marine environment.

Thus, it is possible to choose the aquatic medium in which the reactor is immersed as a function of the specific characteristics of the medium, such as the substances naturally present, so as to favor the reaction pathways to be used for the transformation of a given substrate. The marine environment is a particularly advantageous aquatic environment because it offers variations in its physical, chemical or even biological characteristics over time, in particular by its currentology, its wave movements, in particular of swell and tidal type.

Water is the natural environment where the greatest number of substances (mineral, organic, in the gaseous state, liquid or solid) can dissolve and enter into reaction. The diversity of freshwater and saltwater aquatic formations offers a wide spectrum of natural conditions allowing the design of a multiplicity of reactors according to the organic substrates that one wishes to transform.

The main characteristics of the marine / underwater compartments, cited in Table 3, give an overview of the potential of freshwater and saltwater environments.

Table 3: Main characteristics of salt water and fresh water Advantageously, the depth to which the reactor is immersed during the immersion step is between 1m and 150m. Advantageously, the amplitude of the depth range in which the reactor is kept is 40m.

Thus, the method makes it possible to exploit the natural conditions by limiting the technical difficulties of work (among other things, the means used by the divers for carrying out the necessary work, whether it is the respiratory means or communication with the surface) while ensuring economic profitability of the process. The maximum amplitude of 40m responds to the need to take into account the differences in sea levels due to the tidal range to calibrate the device.

Advantageously, the organic substrate on which the transformation is carried out comes from vines of the Vitis genus.

Such an organic substrate can in particular be chosen from the list of organic substrates made up of: grapes, grape juice, grape must, macerated grape must, fermented grape must, still and sparkling wine, eaux-de- grape life or alcoholic drinks from grapes such as mistelle, brandy, vodka, gin, but also vinegar, verjuice (juice extracted from the seeds used to make mustard), grape seed oil. The method according to this variant of the invention also covers the dried fruit and more generally any organ of the vine such as seed, leaf, vine, root as well as the extracted components such as resveratrol and its derivatives, pigments, tannins, etc.

More generally, the method according to the invention can be applied to all of the substrates belonging to the subfamilies listed in Table 4 below.

after.

Table 4: Subfamilies of substrates and examples of associated products The invention also relates to a process for transforming an organic substrate, characterized in that it comprises: a step consisting in placing the organic substrate in a reactor, a step of immersing the reactor in an aquatic medium, this immersion step consisting in lowering the reactor to a predetermined depth, maintaining the reactor in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a duration of predetermined immersion and extract the reactor from the aquatic environment, the organic substrate being different from a substrate produced from the transformation of grape must.

Advantageously, the method according to this embodiment of the invention comprises a step of ground treatment of the contents of the reactor.

Advantageously, the steps of immersion and treatment on land alternate one or more times.

Advantageously, the reactor comprises the reactor comprises at least two internal compartments.

Advantageously, a first compartment comprises said organic substrate and a second compartment comprises an absorbent material intended to fix undesirable molecules for the transformation of the organic substrate and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate during the stage of immersion.

Advantageously, the organic substrate is chosen from substances from the group consisting of: flowers; tree essences; nuts; pigments of plant origin; vegetables; cereals ; citrus; dried fruits, fresh fruits, fruits of the zones

temperate or tropical fruits; raw materials of plant origin rich in sugar; tubers; beverages from distillation; non-alcoholic beverages from extraction; spices or condiments; aromatic plants, infusion plants, medicinal plants or smoking plants; oils, seeds or beans; vegetable fibers or vegetable textile materials; plant-based waxes; legumes; sap, resin and gum of vegetable origin; pigments of mineral origin; processed agro-food substances; poultry substances; beekeeping substances; meat substances; animal fats; curds; animal materials; animal waxes; substances from homolactic fermentation; substances from alcoholic fermentation (excluding substances from fermentation of grape must); substances from acetic fermentation; substances from propionic fermentation; substances derived from acetonobutyl fermentation; mushrooms ; substances of marine origin.

Advantageously, the reactor is provided with an immersion device intended to keep the reactor submerged at the predetermined depth and in a desired position.

Advantageously, the aquatic environment in which the reactor is immersed during the immersion step is a marine environment.

Advantageously, the depth to which the reactor is immersed during the immersion step is between 1 m and 150 m. Advantageously, the amplitude of the depth range in which the reactor is kept is 40m.

The invention will be better understood on reading the appended figures, which are provided by way of examples and do not have any limiting nature, in which: - Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a device allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a first reactor for implementing the method according to the invention; - Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a second reactor for implementing the method according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a diagram showing the sequence of steps of a method according to a first embodiment of the invention.

We will describe a method of transforming an organic substrate 1. The method comprises a step of placing the organic substrate 1 in a reactor 2 at least part of which has an exchange capacity for certain substances identified 3 under gaseous, liquid or solid form. The reactor also allows exchanges relating to heat, osmotic pressure or mechanical energy corresponding to the agitation and other effects of the tide. The method also includes a step of immersing the reactor 2 in an aquatic medium 4. This immersion step consists of lowering the reactor 2 to a predetermined depth A (for example 15m as shown in Figure 2), maintaining the reactor 2 in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a predetermined immersion time and extract the reactor 2 out of the aquatic medium 4. The predetermined depth A at which the reactor 2 is immersed can range from 1 to 150 m from from the surface of the water 42.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the reactor 2 can be connected to an immersion device 5 comprising two ballasts 51. Each ballast 51 comprises an attachment point 52 to which one end of a rope 53 can be attached. ropes 53 are attached, via their second end, to a sling 54 to which the reactor 2 is directly attached. When the assembly consisting of the reactor 2 and the immersion device 5 is immersed in the aquatic medium, it dives to reach the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4. Such an assembly can therefore be arranged for diving to the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4 or to an intermediate depth (not shown) located within the aquatic environment 4, between the surface water 42 and the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4. According to an embodiment not shown, the immersion device 5 can be replaced by, or combined with, a ballasting system or a fixing system. not.

The reactor 2 is made of a material whose density allows the wall 21 of the reactor 2 to have a controlled exchange capacity between the interior of the reactor 2 and the external environment close to the reactor 2 (FIG. 2). The wall 21 of the reactor 2 therefore allows an exchange of substances in gaseous, liquid or solid form, such as dioxygen, carbon dioxide or even dinitrogen. Such a wall 21 also allows exchanges of light, heat and / or pressure between the interior of the reactor 2 and the external aquatic environment close to the reactor 2, such exchanges making it possible to modulate the reactions implemented within the reactor 2 for the transformation of the organic substrate 1.

In the example shown in Figures 2 and 3, the reactor 2 is of frustoconical shape, which promotes its agitation by the movements of the aquatic environment 4, for example, by the movements of tides, when the aquatic environment 4 is a marine environment. The reactor 2 may however have any other geometric shape suitable for agitation of the reactor 2, as a function of the movements of the aquatic medium 4 or as a function of an agitation system associated with the reactor 2.

The interior of reactor 2 can be compartmentalized. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the interior of the reactor 2 comprises two compartments, separated from each other by a removable membrane 22 which allows exchanges between the two compartments which it separates. This membrane 22 can be a membrane of the sulfonic type in acid form. It allows the separation of an upper compartment in which the organic substrate 1 is stored and a lower compartment in which an absorbent material 23 is stored, which may be of the perlite type. This absorbent material 23 is intended to fix undesirable molecules for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 during the immersion step. In other embodiments not shown, the tank can also be compartmentalized so as to include more than two compartments.

An embodiment of the method of the invention is implemented as follows. The organic substrate 1 is distributed within the various compartments of reactor 2, as well as any other substance necessary, directly or indirectly, for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 (step 1 — FIG. 4). Then, an optional transformation step on land (step 2) of the substrate can be carried out depending on the nature of the organic substrate 1 and the need for a first transformation with a view to the immersion step (step 3). The reactor 2 is then immersed in the aquatic medium 4, to a predetermined depth A, and is maintained in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude, for a duration of immersion which is also predetermined. All these values are a function of the nature of the organic substrate 1 and of the reactions necessary for its transformation. At the end of the period during which the reactor 2 is kept in the predetermined depth range, the reactor 2 is extracted from the aquatic medium 4 and the immersion step is preceded by a step of on-shore treatment of the contents of the reactor 2 (step 4). During this transformation step on land, the transformation of the organic substrate can be completed or finalized. An alternation between an immersion step and a shore treatment step is envisaged as indicated by the loop between step 3 and step 4 of the diagram in FIG. 4. This alternation can be repeated several times when it is advantageous for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 that the reactor be subjected to alternating submerged and terrestrial conditions. When the transformation of the substrate is complete, a conditioning step (step 5) of the reservoir 2 is carried out. The product, resulting from the transformation of the substrate introduced into the tank 2, can therefore be extracted from the tank 2.

An exhaustive list of the transformations induced by organic substrates by immersion in an aquatic environment cannot be drawn up, but examples of reaction routes can be given by way of nonlimiting example. As such, certain transformations are listed in Table 5 below and examples are detailed below.

Table 1: Examples of reaction pathways Example Microbiology / Agitation effect - Temperature - Pressure The vinification leading to an effervescent type wine involves a second alcoholic fermentation in pressurized vats or in the bottle and subsequent disgorging operations.

The launch of a second alcoholic fermentation on wine turns out to be a delicate operation due to the alcohol concentration already present in the reaction mixture. In underwater / underwater conditions, the same operation does not present any difficulties. The pressure promotes the growth of yeast populations and potentially the development of yeast populations resistant to the conditions of pressure, temperature and agitation to which they are subjected. In the container, the periodic wave agitation causes a resuspension of the lees, which thus facilitates access to nutrients for microbial populations and modifies the kinetics of degradation of yeasts (autolysis phenomenon) and other components of lees. This results in an acceleration of the winemaking times but also a significant modification of the aromatic profile compared to wines, worked in approximate conditions but in terrestrial conditions. The organoleptic consequences are multiple and rewarding for wine. Schematically, a better extraction / evolution of the aromatic precursors, in particular proteins (membrane glycoproteins, peptides, amino acids, etc.) is obtained. This breeding also causes texturing effects: greater

number of bubbles (dissolved CO 2) with an improvement in their persistence and finesse, better adsorption of the CO 2 molecules. There is also a more pronounced bitterness, revealing a higher amino acid concentration. A phenomenon that could be explained by the hydrolysis of proteins.

Any process involving microorganisms can benefit from this process such as bioleaching reactions, degradation ...

Example Biochemistry / Agitation-Temperature Effect Once immersed, the reactors undergo constant agitation of variable intensity depending on the conditions. In the case of black tea production, immersing tea leaves after the wilting step makes it possible to reproduce the phase of agitation of the leaves making it possible to initiate the oxidation of catechins by polyphenol oxidases as well as the responsible rolling phase destruction of cell walls and mixing of different cell compartments.

The difference in duration and intensity of agitation as well as maintaining a relatively low temperature affects the organoleptic qualities by modifying the catechins / flavonoids ratio (thearubigine and theaflavin), but also on the stimulating effect of tea produced by varying the concentration of complexed caffeine.

Such a process can be envisaged for all aromatic plants to promote comparable redox reactions.

Organic chemistry / chemical composition effect The halide ions (I-, Cl-, Br-, F-) are the main ions entering into the composition of sea salts. The bromide ion and the iodide ion are good nucleophiles that underlie multiple halogenation reactions. Halogenated derivatives can be synthesized from alkane, alkene, alcohol and are capable of reacting with entities having a pair of non-binding electrons during nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN1, SN2, Substitution on aromatic nuclei ). In the case of reactors with an exchange capacity for halide ions, the presence of halogen derivatives disrupts all of the reaction pathways, and consequently the properties of the substances contained in the submerged reactor. For the food industry, the incorporation of halide ions represents an effective process in the fight against food deficiencies.

Change of State / Pressure - Temperature Effect Immersion in an aquatic environment (marine / fresh water) in a reactor having a controlled and almost incompressible capacity for exchange of substances results in the pressurization of the submerged substrate (as well as other contained substances). Depending on the pressure and the temperature to which the substrate is subjected, but also according to the thermodynamic data of the compounds (vapor pressure, partial pressures), it is possible to extract and separate chemical species.

In the case of tobacco production, this process eliminates the traces of ammonia produced during the fermentation of the leaves. This fermentation by-product is considered a defect in tasting and requires aging time to be dissipated. By immersing tobacco leaves, there is a condensation of ammonia. The cigars produced with the leaves transformed by this process can be marketed earlier and guaranteed free from this defect.

The main thermodynamic data for ammonia are as follows:

Melting point 77.7 ° C;

Boiling point: - 33.4 ° C at 1.013 bar abs;

Vapor pressure variable as a function of temperature (see table 6 below);

Table 6: Vapor pressure of ammonia as a function of temperature Biology / Effect Biological composition [0070] Coastal ocean water contains from 2 to 15 pg / L of dissolved DNA of which 34 to 66% would be DNA viral. The detail of the composition of DNA present in oceanic water is given in the diagram below.

Conceptual model of the properties of the pool of DNA of oceanic origin Dissolved DNA (<0.2 pm), marine viruses (10 to 400 nm) and marine phages (24 to 200 nm), considered as the The most abundant marine biological entities in the oceans constitute the reservoir of genetic information likely to be introduced into the reaction medium.

Operating in a restrictive environment, the integrity of viruses like phages can be preserved, which allows us to imagine the appearance of new molecules from their metabolic pathways in the reaction mixture.

In the case of a mixture containing terrestrial eukaryotes, transduction phenomena by bacteriophages occur.

Finally, even if these organisms are not viable, they nevertheless constitute a source of nutrients and / or reagents.

Photochemistry / Light effect (photons) The solar energy is mainly absorbed in the first tens of meters from the ocean: only 1/5 penetrates beyond -100 m, and half is already absorbed after only 10 cm. The wavelengths most easily absorbed are infrared (absorbed over 1 m) then red, then short frequencies. Only the first two hundred meters from the ocean are actually properly bathed in sunlight.

Photochemical reactions are characterized by the absorption of photons by a molecule, thus passing from a ground state to an excited state, which makes it possible to initiate chemical reactions or to catalyze reactions by re-emitting the stored energy. . We are thinking in particular of photosynthesis or pigmentation of the skin. Depending on the depth of immersion, the dumping site, the climatic conditions

during immersion, the composite used for the containers, the light spectrum diffused up to the reaction mixture will be reduced.

Thus in order to block any light energy (filtering by absorption), one can use photosensitive molecules capable of stopping the radiations in the composition of the containers, such as the mycosporine-like Amino-Acid extracts of algae. Light can also be polarized before being diffused until mixing by the use of polarizers (polarization filtering). Depending on the light radiation diffused up to the mixture, photosensitive molecules such as anthocyanins are used to capture and restore the light energy to the reaction mixture in order to initiate redox reactions.

List of references 1: organic substrate 2: reactor 3: organic substances exchanged between the inside and outside of the reactor 2 4: aquatic medium 5: immersion device 21: wall of the reactor 2 22: removable membrane 23: absorbent material 41: bottom of the aquatic environment 4 42: surface of the water of the aquatic environment 4 51: ballast 52: attachment point 53: rope 54: sling

Claims (10)

1. Method for transforming an organic substrate (1) characterized in that it comprises: - a step consisting in placing the organic substrate (1) in a reactor (2) at least part of which has an exchange capacity of certain identified substances (3) in gaseous, liquid or solid form, - a step of immersion of the reactor (2) in an aquatic medium (4), this step of immersion consisting in lowering the reactor (2) to a predetermined depth (A), maintain the reactor (2) within a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a predetermined immersion time and extract the reactor (2) out of the aquatic medium (4). 2. Method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of on-shore treatment of the contents of the reactor (2). 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the steps of immersion and treatment on land alternate one or more times. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reactor (2) comprises at least two internal compartments. 5. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein a first compartment comprises said organic substrate (1) and a second compartment comprises an absorbent material (23) intended to fix undesirable molecules to the transformation of the organic substrate (1) and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate (1) during the immersion step. 6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reactor (2) is produced from at least one material whose density is between 0.3 and 10, preferably a plastic material whose density is between 0.9 to 1.25, more preferably between 0.91 to 0.96 or 1 to 1.25, a mineral material whose density is between 1.85 and 2.6, more preferably between .85 to 1.95 or 2.3 to 2.55, a plant material whose density is between 0.5 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.65 and 0.85, an animal material whose density is between 0.4 and 1.4, more preferably between 1.35, a metallic material whose density is between 2.5 and 8, more preferably between 2.6 to 3 or 6 to 8 or an alloy of such metallic materials. 7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reactor (2) is provided with an immersion device (5) intended to keep the reactor (2) submerged at the predetermined depth (A) or in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude and in a desired position. 8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the aquatic environment (4) contains the identified substances (3), the aquatic environment (4) preferably being a marine environment. 9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the depth (A) is between 1m and 150m. 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic substrate (1) comes from vines of the genus Vitis.