FR3075329A1 - DEVICE CONCENTRATING SOLAR ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

 The present invention relates to a planar and static type solar energy concentrator device comprising at least a first reflective primary collector (1) concentrating the light towards a mobile secondary collector (2) for heliostatic monitoring called "concentrator" and concentrating the light towards an energy conversion source (3) characterized in that said primary collector (1) consists of an ETFE film, receiving a reflective coating adapted to the desired wavelengths and embossed to form an optical network of Fresnel type fixed on a support (7) fixed plane.

Description

SOLAR ENERGY CONCENTRATOR

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to the field of solar energy capture and concentration from a system of concentrators of the Fresnel mirror type ensuring for example (if not too restrictive: the process can also be used to directly supply industrial processes, for example heating of material in a crucible / furnace) heating of a heat-transfer fluid at high temperatures, up to 500 ° or more than 1000 ° C, in a thermal collection element having for example an absorber placed at the focus of the concentrator or of the series of concentrators, or a target intended to receive concentrated solar energy for all forms of applications.

Solar energy is the only source of RES (New Renewable Energy) in total adequacy with global energy needs and response to climate challenges. The device according to the invention and concentrating with unequaled efficiency makes it possible to capture solar energy with more than 900W / m2 under an irradiance of

1000W / m2, i.e. a yield> 90%, and reach concentration rates of around 30,000 suns allowing to offer a multitude of new possibilities.

Current ENR solutions such as

PV (Photovoltaic, CPV (Concentrating

PV) or the

CSP (Concentrating

Solar Power Plant) do not adequately meet present and future needs due to their very low "real" yields of barely 10 to

20%, of their high price, of their implementation using complex and costly means requiring specialists, of the pollution they generate during their manufacture, of the need to use abundantly limited land resources, impossibility of recycling their constituents, their monoproduction (electricity), and the need to resort to costly and water-consuming maintenance.

of

In addition, existing solar processes do not make it possible to obtain the high concentration rates necessary for high thermodynamic yields apart from the heavy parabolic devices. On the other hand, the existing devices require for their operation or to increase their productivity an extremely heavy, bulky and very expensive heliostatic assembly, particularly sensitive to weather conditions and requiring large areas while generating detrimental gray areas.

The present invention overcomes these problems by offering an extremely intelligent, efficient, sustainable solution that respects

The environment for collecting and concentrating solar energy thanks to an extremely simple, efficient and particularly innovative process of solar concentration at very low cost and very high yield, being mainly made of recycled and recyclable materials. In addition, the device can easily be produced with a carbon footprint less than or equal to zero.

The heat transfer liquid (oil or molten salts)

1 ¹ interior of

The absorbing element is sent to a steam generator. The steam then turns turbines which drive alternators producing

1 ¹ electricity.

Using a Stirling engine allows ^one to reach very high temperatures (over 700 ° C) and the highest efficiency of all solar technologies, or

0% in the state of the art compared to 10 to%

of 1 ¹ photovoltaic solar energy excluding CPV using specialized cells.

We know different types of solar power plants with Fresnel mirrors comprising a support for a set of mirrors constituted by strips of mirrors called primary mirrors, each pivoting around a respective axis of rotation said major axis relative to the support, and intended for collect the sun's rays in order to concentrate them towards one or more concentrating elements of the same or different nature.

The difficulty lies in the orientation of the concentrator (s), requiring very robust mechanisms taking into account the weight of the concentrators and the mass of glass set in motion, furthermore subjected to bad weather and often fluctuating climatic conditions. To reduce costs, the principle of a Fresnel concentrator using flat (flat) mirrors known as compact linear reflectors is also used in the prior art, cheaper than parabolic mirrors. Each of these mirrors can rotate by following the course of the sun to redirect and permanently concentrate the sun's rays towards an absorbing tube.

Existing devices use mirrors, the reflecting part of which is found behind a mass of glass whose thickness considerably reduces the optical performance and involves a large mass of glass to ensure the solidity and durability of the assembly.

Other methods use parabolic mirrors, as in the Stirling dish methods which allow the best performance to be obtained, however at the expense of the complexity of the assembly, its cost, its footprint and its extreme sensitivity to weather conditions.

State of the art

There is known in the prior art a solar collector solution with Fresnel mirrors described in European patent EP2534430.

This document discloses a solar power plant Fresnel mirrors comprising a holder for a mirror assembly constituted by bands of mirrors said primary mirrors, each pivoting d ¹ a respective axis of rotation said major axis relative to the support, and for collecting the rays of the sun in order to concentrate them in the direction of one or more concentrating elements of the same nature or of a different nature, characterized in that said solar power station comprises means for moving one or more concentrating elements in order to make it mobile by compared to the support of all the primary mirrors.

This arrangement makes it possible to have a solar collector with Fresnel mirrors having satisfactory efficiency in all latitudes, in all seasons without the need to have more surface than that occupied by all of the primary mirrors. Their installation can therefore be envisaged, particularly in urban areas on the roofs or terraces of buildings.

The international patent application WO 2013001177 describes a solar concentrator comprising a heliostat and a Fresnel lens. The heliostat comprises a plane mirror and a first axis of rotation which is positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of the Earth. The solar radiation reflected by the mirror is permanently directed towards a fixed Fresnel lens which is perpendicular to the first axis of rotation and which concentrates the solar radiation on a fixed target. A solar field is composed of a plurality of heliostats according to these characteristics and of which all the first axes of rotation are set in rotation by means of a mechanical connection coupled to a rod which is set in motion by a single motor. This reduces the overall cost of the installation.

Patent application WO 2009125334 describes another example of a solar energy generation device which comprises at least one fixed orientation concentrator which is a Fresnel lens, and a solar collector movable in any direction perpendicular to the focal point, so that 'it is moved along the path of the hearth.

Patent application US 20110017274 describes another point-focused solar energy system using a large Fresnel lens of the tracking type, comprising a housing body, a point-focused glass matrix Fresnel lens, a reflective glass element with low emissivity, a photovoltaic component, a high temperature heat accumulator, the point-focus glass matrix Fresnel lens, the low emissivity reflective glass and the photovoltaic component being arranged in an appropriate sequence from top to bottom, and arranged respectively on the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the housing body, characterized in that the high-temperature heat accumulator is positioned above the Fresnel lens with point-focused glass matrix, l heat accumulator of high temperature being fixed and arranged on a transverse support connected to the housing body, the housing body being arranged on a tracking device.

Also known is American patent US4496787, describing a device for capturing and exploiting solar radiation as much as possible, device of the type comprising one or more optical means, designed to capture in an enclosure, orientable mounted, the direct light rays almost converging parallel coming from the sun and make them at a focal point, the latter being located in the opening of as small a diameter as possible in a thermally insulated fixed enclosure containing fixed surfaces for heat exchange with fixed pipes for circulation of a heat transfer fluid, characterized by the fact that it contains in the intermediate space between a transparent cover and the walls of the insulator:

a) the thermally insulated optical means with the thermally insulated enclosures and the fixed heat exchange surfaces contained in the fixed enclosure which are in communication with means for admitting air or of another gas and for circulating this the latter around said fixed pipes for circulation of said heat transfer fluid;

b) absorbent receiving surfaces intended to receive solar radiation not said optical means and means previously captured by the circulation of air or another gas around the receiving surfaces.

Disadvantages of the prior art

The disadvantage of the solutions of the prior art is that the optical mirrors used constitute extremely heavy elements, for high power concentrators, very fragile, particularly expensive and losing a not insignificant amount of energy, approximately 10 to 15%, because the rays must pass through a large mass of glass.

They therefore require robust and costly infrastructures, and their displacement requires also very expensive and powerful automatisms making use in particular of a multitude of computers and various means of servo-control / rotation and pointing at the target.

Exposure to the weather limits the service life of these concentrators, the replacement or maintenance of which is very costly. In addition, they require regular maintenance using materials such as mechanical cleaning or dusting of large quantities of water.

Furthermore, devices of the prior art present undesirable such as achromatism, refraction of the rays their length of the image which or more such focusing device in effects of the fact that 1 depends on widening the addition of a result that a complex, and luminous by d ¹ wave, cannot be focusing optics is relatively of those components which optics ¹ angle of optics leads to corrected than corrective. It by a focusing radiation allows a solar less important important planes of transmission that ¹ one by optics

In addition, a non-negligible part is lost by crossing the optical material.

1'invention.

of as a proposed device of the of by radiation device

Solution provided by the invention

In order to remedy these drawbacks, the invention relates, in its most general sense, to a solar energy concentrator comprising at least a first reflective primary collector called “sensor”, “pre” focusing the light towards a mobile secondary collector called “concentrator ”, Concentrating the light in the direction of an energy capture or conversion focus, characterized in that said primary collector can ideally consist of, for example, an ETFE film or any other suitable material, being metallized and embossed to form an optical structure of the Fresnel type fixed on an ideally flat and fixed support.

Such a solution makes it possible to considerably reduce the weight of the device, with a much higher optical performance, and thereby simplifies the construction and movement of the device, requiring much simpler means. Furthermore, despite the thinness or lightness of the film, it has great resistance to wear and abrasion resulting from the projection of particles such as sand or mineral or vegetable dust by the addition of a substrate. protective for example in SiO2, as well as a very high stability and chemical neutrality

According to different variants, the device according to the invention has one or more of the following characteristics, taken in any combination:

- said secondary concentrator is supported by a mount ensuring the movement of said concentrator in two dimensions with an amplitude of approximately ± 11.5 ° per year on one axis and of approximately 15 ° per day hour on another axis so as to follow the course of the sun. A third axis can be added to compensate for differences in focal point coming from the sensor.

- Said frame has a mobile support which can be of the hoop type articulated along one or more axes and possibly a translation device which can be of the mobile carriage type supporting said secondary concentrator compensating for example the annual amplitude.

- Said mount has an arm controlled by one or more actuators whose movement is controlled by an electronic control circuit.

it can ideally include a camera or any sensor suitable for acquiring the image of the sun formed on the thermal collection element and in that said mount comprises one or more actuators controlled by a computer possibly including means analysis of said focal image for the recalculation of the position of the carriage as well as possibly other functions such as temperature control in particular to avoid overheating.

- Said film or deformable substrate constituting the concentrator is deformable under the effect of one or more actuators or equivalent device to ensure dynamic compensation.

it may include secondary compensation means constituted by any actuating device such as a motor acting by an axis on the entire surface of the film.

- Said concentrator may include a fiber or bundle of optical fibers transmitting light energy to a distant target or a distant thermal converter.

said primary sensor is installed on a support having a slope of a few degrees allowing the natural evacuation of pollutants and contaminants.

Detailed description of a nonlimiting example of the invention

The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of a nonlimiting example of the invention which follows, referring to the accompanying drawings in which:

- Figure 1 shows an overview of an installation according to the invention.

It is specified that in the following description, one or more of the following characteristics can be taken alone or in any technically possible combination.

The device according to the invention makes it possible to capture and concentrate more than 900W / m2 of solar energy under an irradiance of 1000W / m2.

The invention can be used for a multitude of applications, for example:

• Solar concentration in general • Production of electrical energy via PV, CPV, Thermodynamics, Peltier or other process, • Production of hot steam or fluids • Production of heat or cold, air conditioning • Lighting • Energy-consuming industrial processes such as steelworks, glassware, steel industry, ...

• Retrofit of thermal, nuclear power plants, ...

• Production of hydrogen or various chemical processes • Satellites, stations or spaceships, non-terrestrial bases.

• Astronomical applications or detection

Etc ...

Schematic description of the architecture

FIG. 1 very schematically represents the general architecture of a solar concentrator according to a nonlimiting example of the invention.

It consists of a main sensor (1) plane and arranged on a support (7). This flat collector concentrates and returns the light beams to a secondary concentrator (2), which itself returns solar energy to a target or element of thermal collection (3) comprising for example a heat absorber. This secondary concentrator (2) is supported by a mount (4) ensuring heliostatic monitoring and therefore its orientation as a function of the time of the year and of the day, by means of the motors (5, 6).

Description of the primary concentrator

The primary concentrator can ideally be formed by a tetrafluoroethylene), abbreviation ETFE.

thermoplastic which / tetrafluoroethylene, film (1) in poly (ethylene-coplus commonly known as its It is a fluoropolymer is an alternating ethylene copolymer or any other suitable substrate

It is lighter than glass (d = 2.5) reflection and non-transmission; its cost is 24 to 70% lower than that of glass. It is capable of supporting 400 times its weight and has great wear resistance and can be used in a wide range of temperatures (from -80 to 155 ° C). Not being a composite material, ETFE is also recyclable and injectable. On the other hand, this material has a long lifespan which can exceed 40 years.

The film (1) for example made of ETFE has a prismatic type surface structure to form a Fresnel type structure. The thickness of the film (1) is typically ideally between 200 to 400 micrometers but can have any type of thickness as required.

The profile of microscopic structures can ideally have broken prismatic edges to form a set of prisms with two or more slopes of different angles allowing the acceptance angle to be increased, this being natively around 60 ° and can be more than doubled by this process.

These micro-structures are produced by volume manufacturing means such as nano-printing, molding or hot embossing for example, and many other techniques, the master being itself able to be manufactured with the means of 1 ' industry such as for the production of semiconductors (ICP etching and electronic lithography) or any other suitable means.

The configuration of the micro-structures of the sensor (1) is for example carried out using software such as LightTools (trade name).

The film (1) is embossed or molded in a mold forming the pattern of the prisms at the base of the diffractive micro-structures concentrating the incident solar flux.

The surface of the Fresnel type of the embossed film is also coated with:

one or more reflective layers or dielectric coating, for example by metallization making it possible to ideally cover the IR / visible optical spectrum, which can ideally receive a bonding layer.

optionally a protective layer of the reflective layer.

The protective layer which can, for example, be a simple varnish or any suitable coating but which is preferably hard and chemically insulating, is for example produced by a deposit of SiO2, the external structure of which exposed to the open air is made omniphobic or super omniphobic (hydrophobic , oleophobic, etc.), this property being obtained for example via micro or nano-reliefs or structures with suitable geometry avoiding the adhesion of elements detrimental to the optical performance such as water, snow, frost, dust, droppings, non-Newtonian products and various pollutants, thus avoiding or limiting the cleaning or maintenance of the sensor, and protecting it from any chemical attack (e.g. atmospheric pollutants), mechanical (e.g. hail), or erosion ( ex: sandstorms).

Preferably, the protective layer of material may be formed omniphobe d ¹ a porous or impermeable layer having microscopic peaks or not impregnated with a lubricant. Essentially, liquids or other contaminants are exposed to a reduced surface, which maintains their droplet or micro-particle shape and forces them not to penetrate into the substrate. This technique would have domestic, industrial and military applications.

The surface created may in particular present which may be in the form of metallo-organic mushroom crystals or spikes or any suitable surfaces.

The omniphobic protective layer can be of the type

MOF (metal-organic frameworks), or of in particular made up for example of porous or impermeable organometallic structures, which connect multidimensional structures in metal ions in bonds using hydrocarbons or any other technique

The reflective layer or process can be adapted.

produced in various ways and with suitable products or materials, preferably being dielectric so as to be of the dielectric or multi-type in order to obtain the best optical efficiency over those which are over the desired wavelength range.

The reflective deposit can ideally be carried out machines with continuous unwinding, of the type with coils and widths, allowing a high industrial productivity.

The different applied layers generate optical aberrations, refractions, achromatism, partial reflections and other general, ways in which phenomena detrimental to performance can be compensated for by various (layers, or by the addition of one or more interfaces interfaces, reliefs, geometries. ..) adapted to compensate for these harmful effects.

The film (1) can ideally be fixed on a rigid support (7) which is preferably flat and horizontal or slightly inclined or curved. It can consist of a leveled and compressed sand or earth slab or cement or an assembly of metal sheets or even by a film tensioning system (1).

This support (7) ideally has a slight slope, of a few degrees to allow the evacuation of any contaminant in particular by the runoff of rainwater or the action of the wind, gravity helping in this sense.

In some cases the concentration point is close to the focal point (in reality the focal point happens to be slightly after the concentrator, on the one hand to avoid too high a light density = risk of overheating and premature degradation see destruction, and on the other hand to facilitate the work of optical correction / concentration) can be offset by a certain angle to compensate for certain optical effects, correct a high orientation angle relative to the sun (roof / support very inclined or badly oriented), increase the 'acceptance angle (maximum useful angle allowing full use of the incident solar flux), limiting certain distortions, or even compensating for geometry defects linked to the solar path, therefore at the (quasi) focal point (plus the angle of incidence is high and the greater the geometric deformation of the focal point, it is therefore possible to anticipate to compensate for this effect by moving the focal point apart and on the other side of the zenith).

Another solution making it possible to increase the angle of acceptance and correspondingly increase the productivity, consists of a prismatic structure or other process comprising several levels, one or more levels capturing and concentrating solar energy under incidence of, for example, between 180 and 90 ° angle, and one or more other levels for values between 90 and 0 ° angle.

Another advantageous alternative may consist of an auto-correcting or auto-concentrating process, for example of the holographic, micro-ball or other type.

Description of the thermal collector

The thermal collection element has a generally tubular shape, and it is for example arranged in a vacuum glass tube, coaxial with this glass tube. The solar panel further comprises reflective elements, arranged so as to focus received solar rays towards the thermal collection element.

The thermal energy of the sun's rays is then restored by means of a heat transfer fluid, circulating in the heart of the heat collection element, by thermal transfer between the collection element and this heat transfer fluid.

Another example of a thermal collector (3) includes:

- A housing for the thermal collection element, delimited by walls surrounding the thermal collection element, and having a slit for passage of the solar rays, preferably a plurality of slits, at least one reflective zone arranged facing the the thermal collection element, this reflecting zone being capable of reflecting thermal radiation emitted by the thermal collection element,

at least one reflective strip, arranged outside the housing, each reflective strip being arranged opposite a respective slot so as to focus received radiation towards this slot, and

- a plurality of elongated reflective elements, each elongated reflective element having a flat base and two concave surfaces, so that the elongated reflective element has a substantially triangular cross section, the elongated reflective elements being arranged side by side so that their planar bases are coplanar and together form the housing wall provided with slots, each slot being formed by a space between two adjacent elongated reflecting elements, and each concave surface being arranged opposite a reflecting strip, so that reflected radiation by a concave surface is focused towards the corresponding reflecting strip.

Due to the at least partially reflecting wall of the housing, at least part of the thermal radiation emitted by the collecting element is reflected by the reflecting zone, to be absorbed again by this collecting element.

Thus, the thermal radiation is not completely lost. In other words, the heat losses are limited, and the thermal efficiency of the solar panel is therefore increased.

According to alternatives:

- Each pair of adjacent reflecting elements forms a primary parabolic mirror, having a slit in its center, the reflecting strip arranged opposite this pair of reflecting elements forms a convex hyperbolic secondary mirror, and the reflecting elements and the reflecting strip are arranged so that the optical axes of the primary and secondary mirrors coincide, and that the focal point of the parabolic primary mirror coincides with one of the focal points of the hyperbolic mirror.

- Each pair of adjacent reflecting elements forms a primary parabolic mirror, having a slot in its center, the reflecting strip arranged opposite this pair of reflecting elements forms a concave elliptical secondary mirror, the reflecting elements and the reflecting strip are arranged so that the optical axes of the primary and secondary mirrors coincide, and that the focal point of the parabolic primary mirror coincides with one of the focal points of the elliptical mirror.

- Each wall of the housing comprises at least one reflecting zone arranged opposite the thermal collection element, this reflecting zone preferably extending over this entire wall.

The housing includes thermal insulation spacers, arranged between the thermal collection element and at least one wall of the housing.

The solar thermal panel has a generally parallelepiped shape defined by upper face, lateral faces, a lower face and together delimiting an interior space in which the housing is arranged, so that the housing has a lower wall formed by the lower face, the housing has side walls formed housing has a wall upper and lower faces by the upper, arranged between the panel, parallel to the lateral faces, the the these faces, comprising the at least one slot, and the upper face is formed by a plate transparent, preferably in

The thermal transport panel, glass.

solar thermal comprises means comprising: a heat exchanger between the heat collection element and a heat transfer fluid, housed in the heat collection element, at least one tubular heat transfer fluid transfer element, connecting the exchanger passing to heat with the exterior of the solar panel, through an orifice formed in a wall of the housing, and at least one tight and thermally insulating seal, interposed between the tubular element and

1'orifice.

thermal envelope,

The thermal collection element capable of absorbing the preferably metallic, enveloping radiation comprises a solar and / or a phase change material.

The phase change material is chosen from anthraquinone, or aluminum.

- The thermal collection element is formed by a tubular element, in which a heat transfer fluid circulates, this tubular element preferably being provided with an outer coating which is highly thermally absorbent and has a low thermal emissivity.

- A reflective zone is formed by a tubular reflection element, coaxially surrounding the tubular heat collection element, this tubular reflection element being formed by an insulating material whose internal surface is treated, for example metallized, to make it reflective to the residual thermal radiation emitted by the tubular thermal collection element, and comprising on its upper generatrix a slot intended to allow the incident thermal radiation to pass.

- The solar thermal panel comprises at least one element for introducing or discharging the thermal fluid, connected to all of the thermal collection elements, housed in an enclosure laterally extending the panel, delimited by walls made of thermally insulating material.

Description of the secondary concentrator (2)

The secondary concentrator (2) called “concentrator” consists of a very small heliostatic device compared to the sensor and representing only a few percent of the collecting surface, composed of a mirror mounted on a mobile structure intended to follow the (quasi) “primary” focal point coming from the sensor, which (quasi) focal point moves according to the course of the sun, and whose mirror is deformable (adaptive optics) so as to compensate for the defects in particular geometrical of the final focal point "Secondary", in order to send it to a target, and whose level of focus can adapt as needed, or even be defocused to compensate for an optical overload or simply spread the optical flux as needed.

The secondary concentrator (2) is a mobile mirror device whose structure is of the adaptive optical type with a large correction plane, which receives the pre-concentrated solar flux from the sensor and follows the course of the sun via a heliostatic device which can be on a or several axes.

The secondary concentrator (2) can be composed of several distinct mirrors (several concentrators in series) constituting a matrix making it possible to generate a complex movement to reach a target, or a set of concentrators.

The heliostatic device can consist of one or more supports that can be directly integrated into the sensor or even be in the immediate vicinity or away from it, which is moved by suitable devices such as micro motors, positioners, jacks, reducers, mechanical device , and any process, automated or not. In an optimal version, the heliostatic device can ideally consist of a single arm supporting the secondary optic (s), which being moved by means of devices on one or more axes, and fixed on a suitable support, all of which can receive position, safety, stops or offset sensors, as well as a safety position during extreme weather conditions, installation, adjustment or maintenance. This arm or any support may possibly contain and protect the adaptive optics control cables and other cables or components or devices.

The arm or the concentrator assembly can advantageously have an automatic or non-additional adjustment or axis making it possible to follow the seasonal variation and to correct the position according to the geographical location (longitude / latitude / orientation). The device is particularly suitable for aircraft, satellites, stations or spaceships.

At the end of this arm is the adaptive optical assembly, the mirror of which is made up of a highly highly reflective surface for the desired wavelengths, of the dielectric or multi-dielectric type, for example, capable of withstanding the intense solar fluxes. from the sensor and protected in various ways from external aggressions such as dust, pollutants, weather elements, etc.

The advantage of adaptive optics is to be able to modify the final focal point as needed and correct all of certain faults or aberrations, whatever they may be. If, for example, we start with a circular sensor, the primary focal point will be the same circular when the sun is at its zenith, the sensor being perpendicular to it. Conversely, when the sensor receives radiation close to grazing incidence, optical aberrations cause the focal point to deform, which becomes a more or less elongated ellipsoid. This deformation takes place at the expense of the quality of the final focal point and can even damage the receiver or target intended to receive the concentrated energy.

Adaptive optics therefore takes up these aberrations and corrects them by modifying the evolutionary deformations predictive or not thanks to the deformable mirror. The deformable mirror whose support is designed in a suitable material (or set of materials), preferably very thin and relatively flexible, capable of receiving a reflective substrate of very high reflectivity covered with a protective layer possibly contributing to the correction of certain aberrations, in particular chromatic aberrations, and to undergo a more or less significant deformation. The use of a material of small thickness and high thermal conductivity makes it possible to easily evacuate any possible rise in temperature liable to deteriorate or destroy the deformable mirror and its support, the latter being able to receive ideally receiving a heat evacuation device. and maintaining or stabilizing temperature.

The secondary concentrator (2) can also consist of an assembly of deformable mirrors or mirrors with corollas or flexible or rigid circular sectors whose inclination or deformation makes it possible to modify the focal point.

The deformable mirror can take different forms, be a single piece or consist of multiple elements, which are relatively flexible or flexible so as to be able to undergo a reversible deformation with an angle of greater or lesser amplitude making it possible to obtain a high quality focal point at a short or long distance.

The deformable mirror is actuated by suitable devices called actuators which act on the structure of the mirror so as to obtain the expected result. The actuators can be produced in various ways and according to multiple methods such as: piezoelectric ceramics, micro motors, electromagnets, jacks, as well as any mechanical device allowing temporary or continuous action on the mirror, and possibly d '' a set of processes and technologies to achieve the final goal.

The deformable mirror assembly can be fitted with sensors and control elements making it possible to verify a multitude of parameters such as: temperature rise, level of reflectivity, dimensional control, actuator position, test, geometric deformation, geometry correction, control and correction of the focal point, state of cleanliness, etc ...

The electrical supply of the deformable mirror and heliostatic device assembly as well as all accessories can be done autonomously for example via an ideally ENR process of any PV type or other, or be supplied from a remote control and piloting station.

The deformable mirror assembly and its accessories are protected in a device of the dome or other type, of geometry adapted to the assembly or which can be of any shape such as a flower profile. This protection device groups together the deformable mirror, its actuators, possibly the control or command electronics, as well as one or more protection devices such as a blackout shutter or even a device generating an air flow intended to protect the mirror and possibly cool it.

The dome or protective device can also house certain monitoring and control elements intended to verify certain parameters linked to the sensor, in particular its geometry, the general surface condition, the reflectivity rate, the quality of the primary focal point, the presence or not foreign elements (snow, droppings, pollutants, objects, animals, people, ...). The dome or protective device can possibly be oriented on one or more axes as required, for example to protect all of its components during special conditions (snow, hail, sandstorm, work, test, maintenance, etc.). .), or to reach a target with a specific angle or orientations. The dome or protective device can also support other mirrors, fixed, mobile, deformable or not for very specific needs.

The dome or protective device can also incorporate a set of sensors intended for example to control the parameters of the target, weather control means, or even scan the sky to predict cloudy passages or exceptional conditions requiring the protection of the whole such as the approach of a sandstorm, or even a process hunting insects or animals.

The dome or protection device may include a safety shutter or blackout mechanism also serving in the event of a malfunction of the assembly and making it possible to interrupt all or part of the solar flux coming from the sensor.

When the power is exceeded, the deformable mirror can defocus the solar flux to avoid overheating or send all or part of the flux temporarily on an exterior surface to the target.

The concentrator device is positioned either at the (quasi) focal point of the sensor, or slightly outside the focal point, thus making it possible to limit an optical flux which can be destructive or even facilitate geometric correction.

The secondary concentrator device (2) can advantageously be equipped with a replacement mirror assembly which can be replaced manually or automatically in the event of degradation of the main mirror, this to avoid any intervention or interruption during solar production.

To avoid or limit any premature or accidental degradation of the mirror, protection in the form of a cone for example can be envisaged, this making it possible to avoid exposure to contaminants or foreign bodies of any kind, including insects or animals, especially protected species that could be caught in the intense concentrated flow and be injured or killed.

During strong winds or strong gusts, the support arm of the concentrator assembly could be made to move or vibrate and therefore cause the quality of the focus to be lost. The invention nevertheless makes it possible to compensate in real time for large variations due to a very short response time and the large amplitude of deformation of the concentrating mirror.

On the other hand, the device according to the invention may have a method allowing the correction due to chromatic aberrations due to the wide solar spectrum used, method consisting of corrective layers or optical elements forming an achromatic or apochromatic set for the ranges wavelength implemented, for example using optical doublets or elements of different refractive index compensating for aberrations.

These corrective layers can advantageously be affixed to the sensor during continuous manufacturing as well as additional corrective elements placed on the sensor. The concentrator can advantageously have a shape similar to that of the sensor, either square, round, rectangular or any other shape, thus optimizing the “active” surfaces, and increasing the optical correlation with the sensor.

Claims (12)

claims 1 - Solar energy concentrator device of the planar and static type comprising at least a first primary collector (1) reflecting concentrating the light towards a secondary collector (2) mobile for heliostatic monitoring called "concentrator" and concentrating the light in direction d '' an energy conversion focus (3) characterized in that said primary collector (1) is constituted by an ETFE film, receiving a reflective coating adapted to the desired wavelengths and embossed to form an optical network of Fresnel type fixed on a support (7) fixed plane. 2 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 1 characterized in that said secondary collector (2) is supported by a mount (4) ensuring the displacement of said secondary collector according to one or more dimensions with an amplitude of about 15 ° by hour and approximately ± 11.5 ° per year when the device is installed on the ground, and all other suitable angles outside the terrestrial installation. 3 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 2 characterized in that said mount (4) has a hoop or movable support articulated with carriage or movable hoop, said hoop possibly being able to carry out two simultaneous movements, and supporting said secondary concentrator (2). 4 - solar energy concentrator according to claim 2 characterized in that said mount (4) has an arm or any suitable support, controlled by an actuator whose movement is controlled by an electronic circuit. 5 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 3 characterized in that it comprises a sensor or a camera for the acquisition of the focal image of the sun formed on the thermal collection element and in that said frame ( 4) comprises actuators controlled by a computer comprising means for analyzing said focal image and its centering for the recalculation of the position of the carriage. 6 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 4 characterized in that it comprises a sensor or a camera for the acquisition of the focal image of the sun formed on the thermal collection element and in that said mount ( 4) comprises actuators controlled by a computer comprising means for analyzing said focal image and its centering for the recalculation of the position of said arm articulated in two directions). 7 - A solar energy concentrator device according to claim 1 characterized in that said film (1) is deformable under the effect of actuator to ensure dynamic primary compensation. 8 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a femtosecond laser beam linked to the secondary collector (2) for the formation of a diffracting filter. 9 - Device concentrating solar energy according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a network of motorized mirrors for the realization of a secondary compensation. 10 - A solar energy concentrator device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises secondary compensation means constituted by a motor acting by an axis on the entire surface of the film or mirror. 11 - Device concentrating solar energy according to claim 1 characterized in that said energy conversion focus (3) comprises an optical fiber or a bundle of optical fibers transmitting light energy to a target or remote thermal converter. 12 - solar energy concentrator device according to claim 1 characterized in that said primary concentrator is formed on a support (7) having a slope of a few degrees to allow the evacuation of any contaminant in particular by the runoff of rainwater or the action of the wind.