FR3075090A1 - SHEET GLAZING OF STRUCTURAL POLYMERIC MATERIAL NOT UNIFORMLY TINTED IN MASS - Google Patents

Abstract

 The present invention relates to  - Single or multiple monolithic or laminated glazing comprising a sheet of structural transparent polymeric material dyed in the mass, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material is dyed in the mass in a non-uniform and controlled manner, transparent or opaque;  - this sheet of polymeric material;  - a method of manufacturing this glazing; and  the application of this glazing as glazing comprising at least one such sheet of polymeric material with a light attenuation function such as a sun visor.

Description

GLAZING WITH SHEET OF NON-UNIFORMALLY TINTED STRUCTURAL POLYMER MATERIAL

The present invention relates to the integration of a light attenuation function such as a sun visor, in a glazing of a land, air or aquatic vehicle, or even of a building.

A function such as a sun visor is usually obtained either by gluing a self-adhesive sheet (in English: "sticker"), or, in laminated glazing, by an intermediate adhesive layer of which only part is tinted. An interlayer adhesive layer designates a non-structural thermoplastic polymeric material bonding between them transparent structural sheets of laminated glazing, glass or structural polymeric material, the most common examples of which are poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC ). The most frequently used interlayer adhesive layers are polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU) and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

The term "structural" qualifies sheets constituting a laminate, of which they are capable of providing mechanical properties, impact resistance, shock absorption and stress, rigidity in particular. The interlayer adhesive layers are not structural.

In known embodiments, various difficulties arise.

A sun visor sticker is difficult to install: possible presence of bubbles between the substrate and the sticker, non-planar substrate of complex geometry, non-developable such as double curvature. The light attenuation obtained by applying a paint is accompanied by other problems: excess thickness, adhesion of the paint, undesirable solvents ...

The inventors have endeavored to make available a vehicle or building glazing comprising at least one sheet of structural transparent polymeric material with a controlled light attenuation function, transparent or opaque tinted, which is easy to manufacture and implement industrially.

This object has been achieved by the invention which, consequently, relates to a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple comprising a sheet of structural transparent polymer material dyed in the mass, characterized in that the sheet of polymer material is tinted in the mass in a non-uniform and controlled manner, transparent or opaque.

In a manner well recognized in the field, a monolithic glazing designates a glazing consisting of a single structural transparent sheet, in this case within the framework of the invention, of structural polymer material. A laminated glazing comprises, in addition to the latter, at least one or more other transparent structural sheets, also made of polymeric material or of mineral glass, such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, optionally thermally or chemically toughened, all of these transparent structural sheets being bonded together. others in a laminated block by means of interlayer adhesive layers.

Glazing consisting of a single transparent structural sheet or a single laminated block is called single glazing.

Glazing made up of several transparent structural sheets and / or laminated transparent blocks separated one from the other two by two by an air gap, rare gas ... dry by means of a frame 'bracing, is called multiple glazing (double, triple ...).

The shade obtained here does not provide any additional thickness and therefore, in the case of laminated glazing, no risk of deaeration defect, of optical distortion (local defect in parallelism).

According to other preferred characteristics of the glazing of the invention:

- The sheet of polymeric material has a variable intensity of color in the mass over its entire surface;

- The sheet of polymeric material is dyed in the mass on a part, but not the whole of its surface; the leaf remains, on the undyed part of its surface, transparent and colorless;

- the sheet of polymeric material has several sides and is dyed in the mass according to a peripheral strip along at least one side; it can usually be one or more upper sides, generally substantially horizontal in the mounting position, in the case of a sun visor strip;

- The sheet of polymeric material is dyed in the mass in several different shades;

- The sheet of polymeric material has at least one area of gradation of a color in the mass; a means of achieving this characteristic will be mentioned below;

the sheet of polymeric material is chosen from a sheet of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), structural polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), polyester;

- The sheet of polymer material has a thickness between 1 and 22 mm.

Another object of the invention consists of a sheet of polymer material tinted in the mass capable of entering into the composition of a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple as described above, characterized in that it is tinted in the mass in a non-uniform and controlled manner, transparent or opaque.

The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a single or multiple monolithic or laminated glazing as described above, comprising contacting at least part of at least one of the two main surfaces d a sheet of transparent structural polymer material with a liquid dye, for a period proportional to the desired intensity of color in the mass.

The contacting with a liquid dye is advantageously carried out by soaking (in English "dip coating >>), flow (in English" flow coating >>), curtain (in English "curtain coating"), inkjet or serigraphy . The curtain technique refers to a curtain, a blade of liquid dye that flows over one of the two main surfaces of the sheet of polymeric material. It should be noted that, of all of the above preferred methods, only soaking produces the contact of the two main surfaces of the sheet of polymeric material with the dye. This process is extremely practical and simple to implement industrially; it easily makes it possible to tint only a peripheral strip by not dipping the rest of the sheet in the liquid dye bath, it also makes it possible to tint in the mass the sheet of polymeric material according to a gradient by controlling the speed of entry of the sheet in the bath, its duration of maintenance in the latter and then its speed of exit from the dye bath.

The liquid dye is preferably in the aqueous phase; it may contain a minor proportion of organic solvents such as alcohols, and of additives such as surface tension modifiers, dispersants, etc.

The invention also relates to the application of a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple as described above as glazing for land, air or aquatic vehicle, or building, comprising at least one sheet of polymeric material transparent structural, with light attenuation function such as sun visor, transparent or opaque tinted.

The invention will be better understood in the light of the following example of embodiment.

Example

Dyed in the mass of sheets of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bi-stretched 5 mm thick, marketed by the SaintGobain Sully Company under the registered trademark Acrylex®.

As a parent formulation, which will be diluted in water, a liquid dye containing at most 50% by mass of benzyl alcohol and at most 2% by mass of docusate sodium (dispersing agent), sold by the Technical Company, is used. Chimiques Nouvelles, Malakoff (France) under the trade name GTC.

The color panel is vast. We use black dye.

The process chosen to create a shade gradient is vertical dipping.

The tempering and tempering speed defines the intensity of the tint (depending on the speed of movement of the forehead (liquid / air)). In the context of these tests, the entry of PMMA sheets into the bath and their exit from the bath is almost instantaneous.

Thanks to the help of masking tapes, the shade / non-shade limit can be defined precisely (in location on the PMMA sheet).

Three variables can be adjusted to obtain the desired shade or shade gradient:

bath temperature: affects the speed of diffusion of the color in the material (between 20 and 90 ° C);

concentration of the mother tincture in the bath: the more concentrated the tincture, the more intense the tint;

organic glass / dye contact time: the longer the stay, the more intense the tint.

Test A:

Dilution 1/6 water (one volume of dye in five volumes of water) Bath temperature 25 ° C

Agitation of the bath 50 rpm (revolutions per minute) faces in contact (two sides of the PMMA sheet in contact with the liquid dye bath)

Each of the test tubes below is immersed in the bath for a variable duration.

For each, a rinsing with city water is carried out for a certain variable time after removing the test piece from the dye bath.

The intensity of the shade obtained is evaluated by measuring the light transmission (TL) using a spectrophotometer according to standard NF EN 410 latest version (April 2011).

The results are shown in the table below.

Specimen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Immersion time (min) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Time lapse between leaving the bath and rinsing (min) N / A 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 6.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 TL% 92.0 78.2 80.2 73.2 68.6 69.0 66.6 66.7 60.4 48.1 35.0

Test B:

1/6 water dilution

Bath temperature 25 ° C

Agitation of the bath 50 rpm îo 2 faces in immediate contact-rinsing with tap water (that is to say immediately at the exit of the PMMA sheet from the bath)

Specimen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Immersion time (min) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 2 3 4.0 7.0 9.0 Time lapse between leaving the bath and rinsing (min) N / A - - - - - - - - - - TL% 92.0 76.2 74.1 71.1 69.9 65.9 52.3 45.5 36.6 22.2 13.7

Comment: Controlling the period of time before rinsing makes it possible to finely control the dye / organic glass contact time and therefore the tint in fine.

The variation in intensity of the color as a function of the duration of immersion is therefore more regular than in test A. In the following tests, each test piece will therefore also be rinsed with water immediately after leaving the dye bath.

Test C

1/6 water dilution

Bath temperature 25 ° C

Agitation of the bath 0 rpm faces in immediate contact-rinsing with tap water

Specimen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Immersion time (min) 0 6 7 8 9 10 12 Time lapse between leaving the bath and rinsing (min) N / A 0 0 0 0 0 0 TL% 92.0 36.2 32.8 31.5 28.8 26.5 23

Test D

1/6 water dilution

Bath temperature 60 ° C

Agitation of the bath 0 rpm faces in immediate contact-rinsing with tap water

Specimen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Immersion time (min) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1 1 2 3 4 7 9 Time lapse between leaving the bath and rinsing (min) N / A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TL% 92.0 67.7 44.5 37.4 31.9 23.7 22.6 9.97 3.66 3.15 0.65 0.44

This test D illustrates the effect of the bath temperature (here higher) on the intensity of the shade (stronger).

It is specified that in the intended glazing applications, the face of the glazing intended to be in contact with the outside atmosphere is preserved from any contact with the dye bath. If this face belongs to the sheet of mass-dyed polymer material, and the dipping process is used, a masking will cover this main surface of the sheet to protect it, and only the other of the two main surfaces of the sheet ( oriented 10 towards the interior of the vehicle or building in the mounting position) will be in contact with the bath.

Claims (13)

1. Single or multiple monolithic or laminated glazing comprising a sheet of structural transparent polymeric material dyed in the mass, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material is dyed in the mass in a non-uniform and controlled manner, transparent or opaque. 2. Glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material has a variable intensity of color in the mass over its entire surface. 3. Glazing according to claim 2, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material is tinted in the mass on a part, but not the whole of its surface. 4. Glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material has several sides and is tinted in the mass according to a peripheral strip along at least one side. 5. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material is tinted in the mass in several different shades. 6. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material has at least one area of gradation of a color in the mass. 7. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material is chosen from a sheet of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), structural polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA ), polyester. 8. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet of polymeric material has a thickness between 1 and 22 mm. 9. Sheet of polymer material tinted in the mass capable of entering into the composition of a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is tinted in the mass in a non-uniform manner and controlled, transparent or opaque. 10. A method of manufacturing a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising contacting at least part of at least one of the two main surfaces of a sheet of transparent structural polymer material with a liquid dye, 5 for a period proportional to the desired intensity of color in the mass. 11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the contacting with a liquid dye is carried out by soaking (in English "dip coating"), flow (in English "flow coating"), curtain (in English "curtain coating »), Inkjet or screen printing. 10 12. Method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the liquid dye is in the aqueous phase. 13. Application of a monolithic or laminated glazing, single or multiple according to one of claims 1 to 8 as glazing for land, air or aquatic vehicle, or building, comprising at least one sheet of structural transparent polymeric material, light attenuation function such as sun visor, transparent or opaque tint. FRENCH REPUBLIC EPO FORM 1503 12.99 (P04C14) irai - I NATIONAL INSTITUTE PROPERTY INDUSTRIAL PRELIMINARY SEARCH REPORT based on the latest claims filed before the start of the search DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED AS RELEVANT Relevant claim (s) Category Citation of the document with indication, if necessary, of the relevant parts WO 2016/097044 Al (AGC GLASS EUROPE [BE]) June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23) * page 7, lines 9, 10; claims; figures * Anonymous: 3M Architectural Markets Glass Décorative Films High Quality finishes for Glass decoration, 3M (Brochure) December 31, 2013 (2013-12-31), XP002784108, Extract from the Internet: URL: https: //multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/76 99850 / 3m-glass-finished shes-pattern-brochure.p df [extract 2018-08-23] * pages 5,6,9 * W0 2014/194154 Al (3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES 00 [US]) December 4, 2014 (2014-12-04) * page 6, line 36 - page 7, line 1; figures; table A * Research completion date August 24, 2018 CATEGORY OF DOCUMENTS CITED X: particularly relevant on its own Y: particularly relevant in combination with another document in the same category A: technological background O: unwritten disclosure P: intermediate document 1-13 1,2,5-7, 1,7,9 National registration number FA 849061 FR 1762412 Classification attributed to the invention by ΙΊΝΡΙ C03C17 / 28 C03C23 / 00 B60J3 / 00 B32B17 / 10036 B32B17 / 10064 B32B17 / 10724 B32B17 / 10743 B32B17 / 10752 B32B17 / 1077 B32B17 / 10779 B32B17 / 10981 C08J5 / 18 C08J5 / 2287 B601