FR3057412A1 - ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH DOUBLE POLAR COUPLING - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric motor (ME) comprises: - a rotor (RT) having N first (A1) and N second (A2) permanent magnets having first (E11, E12) and second (E21, E22) ends contained in two planes and orientations of opposite poles, and placed next to one another alternately by defining a rotating annular structure, and - a stator (ST) having M electromagnets (EA), with M ≤ 2N, having first (EE1) and second (EE2) ends placed in front of the first (E11, E12) and second (E21, E22) ends of the first (A1) and second (A2) permanent magnets being offset relative to each other by a smaller distance or equal to the width of the latter in order to induce a rotational drive of the rotor (RT) by combination of attraction and repulsion forces exerted by each electromagnet (EA) active on first (A1) and second (A2) permanent magnets neighbors.

Description

Holder (s): PEUGEOT CITROEN AUTOMOBILES SA Société anonyme.

Extension request (s)

Agent (s): PEUGEOT CITROEN AUTOMOBILES SA Public limited company.

ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH DOUBLE POLAR COUPLING.

FR 3 057 412 - A1 (5 /) An electric motor (ME) includes:

- a rotor (RT) comprising N first (A1) and N second (A2) permanent magnets having first (E 11, E12) and second (E21, E22) ends contained in two planes and orientations of opposite poles, and placed side by side in an alternating fashion by defining a rotating annular structure, and

- a stator (ST) comprising M electromagnets (EA), with Μ 2N, having first (EE1) and second (EE2) ends placed in front of the first (E11, E12) and seconds (E21, E22) ends of the first (A1 ) and second (A2) permanent magnets by being offset from each other by a distance less than or equal to the width of the latter in order to induce a rotation drive of the rotor (RT) by combination of forces of attraction and repulsion exerted by each active electromagnet (EA) on first (A1) and second (A2) neighboring permanent magnets.

ME

E12 P1 ι

ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH DOUBLE POLAR COUPLING

The invention relates to both direct current and non-direct current electric motors.

In many fields, such as that of vehicles (possibly motor vehicles), electric motors are used to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy intended to move (possibly in rotation) at least one element or equipment, or to transform energy (possibly mechanical) into electrical energy (generator operation) to supply current to at least one piece of equipment.

The invention relates more particularly to electric motors which include a stator and a rotor. Many configurations of stator and rotor combinations have already been proposed. Many of them use a rotor having a circular cylindrical wall having two parts of different polarities ("north" and "south"), and a stator comprising several electromagnets placed equidistant from each other at the periphery of the rotor. . In this case, only one of the two ends of the electromagnets, placed opposite the rotor wall, is used to move the rotor by acting only on one of its two poles. This results in a torque which does not correspond to the maximum torque that could potentially allow the use of all the poles. Indeed, in current architectures, part of the poles of permanent magnets or electromagnets is not used, coupled.

The invention therefore aims in particular to improve the situation.

To this end, it offers an electric motor comprising:

- A rotor comprising N first and N second permanent magnets, on the one hand, having first and second ends contained respectively in first and second planes, and respectively opposite pole orientations, and, on the other hand, placed one next to the others alternately by defining a rotating annular structure, and

a stator comprising M electromagnets, with Μ <2N, each having first and second ends placed respectively in front of the first and second ends of the first and second permanent magnets, being offset relative to each other by a lesser distance or equal to a width of the latter in the first and second planes in order to induce a rotation drive of the rotor by combination of forces of attraction and repulsion exerted by each active electromagnet on first and second neighboring permanent magnets.

Thanks to this use of the two ends of each electromagnet îo for respectively moving the first ends of opposite polarities and the second ends of opposite polarities of the first and second permanent magnets, there is an electric motor with double polar coupling offering a rotor torque. markedly increased.

The electric motor according to the invention may include other characteristic features which can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:

- The N first permanent magnets and N second permanent magnets can have the same circular cylindrical shape;

each of the electromagnets can have a general C or 20 U shape;

- the first and second ends of each of the electromagnets can be offset from one another by a distance equal to the width of the first and second permanent magnets in the first and second planes. As a variant, the first and second ends of each of the electromagnets can be offset with respect to each other by the same offset which is equal to the width of the first and second permanent magnets in the first and second planes divided by M ;

- each of the electromagnets may include a core having a circular cross section, and a coil wound around a central part

0 of the heart located between its first and second ends;

- M can be between 1 and 2N. Thus, M can be equal to 1 or N or 2N, for example.

The invention also provides a vehicle, possibly of the automobile type, and comprising at least one electric motor of the type presented above.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the appended drawings (some obtained in CAD / CAD (“Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Drawing”), hence the apparently discontinuous nature of certain lines), on which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a first embodiment of an electric motor, with a single electromagnet (here in the general form of C),

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a second embodiment of an electric motor, with N electromagnets,

- Figure 3 schematically illustrates, in a top view, part of the second example of an electric motor in Figure 1, with the materialization of the poles and displacement vectors of the permanent magnets of the rotor induced by an example of operation of two electromagnets neighbors,

0 - FIG. 4 schematically illustrates, in a top view, part of a variant of the second example of an electric motor in FIG. 1, with only the materialization of the poles, and

- Figure 5 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a third embodiment of an electric motor, with 2N electromagnets.

The object of the invention is in particular to propose an electric motor ME, with direct current or non-direct current according to the needs.

In what follows, it is considered, by way of nonlimiting example, that the electric motor ME is intended to equip a vehicle, possibly of

0 automotive type (such as a car). But the invention is not limited to this application. Indeed, an electric motor according to the invention can equip any device, equipment, system, building, or installation (including industrial).

There are schematically and functionally shown in Figures 1,2 and 5 three embodiments of an ME electric motor according to the invention.

As illustrated, an electric motor ME, according to the invention, comprises at least one rotor RT, comprising N first permanent magnets A1 and N second permanent magnets A2, with N> 2, and a stator ST, comprising M electromagnets EA, with Μ <2N.

Note that in the three examples in Figures 1,2 and 5 the number ίο N is equal to eight (8). But it can take any value greater than or equal to two (2).

Each of the first N permanent magnets A1 includes first E11 and second E21 ends. All the first ends E11 of these N first permanent magnets A1 are contained in a first plane P1 and have the same first polarity (or pole, for example “north”). All the second ends E21 of these N first permanent magnets A1 are contained in a second plane P2 and have a second polarity (or pole) opposite to the first polarity (and therefore for example "south").

0 Each of the N second permanent magnets A2 comprises first E12 and second E22 opposite ends. All the first ends E12 of these N second permanent magnets A2 are contained in the first plane P1 and have the second polarity (or pole, for example “south”). All the second ends E22 of these N second permanent magnets A2 are contained in the second plane P2 and have the first polarity (and therefore for example “north”).

Consequently, the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets have polar orientations which are respectively opposite.

It will be noted that in FIG. 1 which makes it possible to distinguish the first ends E11 of the first permanent magnets A1 from the first ends E12 of the second permanent magnets A2 these are their colors. The first E11 ends are materialized in dark gray and the first E12 ends are materialized in white, in order to facilitate understanding of the arrangement of the RT rotor.

The N first permanent magnets A1 and N second permanent magnets A2 are placed one next to the other in an alternating fashion, defining an annular structure rotating around an axial direction da.

Each of the M electromagnets EA comprises first EE1 and second EE2 opposite ends.

For example, and as illustrated without limitation in FIG. 1, each electromagnet EA can comprise a core CE having a circular transverse section, and a coil BE wound around a central part îo of the core CE which is located between its first EE1 and second EE2 ends. The CE core can, for example, be made of ferrite. In FIGS. 2 to 5 the windings BE have not been shown in order to facilitate the understanding of the arrangements of the electric motors ME.

All the first ends EE1 of these M electromagnets EA is are contained in front of the first E11 and E12 ends of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets. All the second ends EE2 of these M electromagnets EA are contained in front of the second E21 and E22 ends of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets.

In addition, the first EE1 and second EE2 ends of each

0 electromagnet EA are offset from each other by a distance which is less than or equal to the width L that each of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets has in the first P1 and second P2 planes. This offset is intended to induce a rotation drive of the rotor RT by combination of attraction and repulsion forces exerted by each electromagnet EA active on first A1 and second A2 neighboring permanent magnets.

Schematically illustrated on the example part of an electric motor ME in FIG. 3 are displacement vectors of the permanent magnets A1 and A2 of the rotor RT induced by an example of operation.

0 of four neighboring EA electromagnets.

The two ends EE1 and EE2 of each electromagnet EA are thus very advantageously used to move the first ends E11 and E12 of opposite polarities respectively and the second ends E21 β

and Ε22 of opposite polarities of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets. We thus have an electric motor ME with double polar coupling, which allows to significantly increase the torque and / or the rotation speed of the rotor RT compared to that (those) offered by an electric motor of the art anterior (rotor and stator).

It will be noted that the number M of electromagnets EA can, for example, be between 1 and 2N as required. Thus, in the first example illustrated in FIG. 1 M is equal to one (1), in the second example illustrated in FIG. 2 M is equal to N, and in the third example illustrated in FIG. 5 M is equal to 2N.

It will also be noted that the offset of the first EE1 and second EE2 ends of each electromagnet EA can be in one direction or the other. In other words, the first end EE1 of an electromagnet EA can be shifted to the left or to the right with respect to the second end EE2 of this same electromagnet EA. Furthermore, within the same electric motor ME, the electromagnets EA can all have first EE1 and second EE2 ends having the same direction of offset, as in the third example of FIG. 3, or else can have first EE1 and second EE2 ends having different offset directions, in

0 alternation, as in the second example in Figures 2 and 3.

As illustrated without limitation in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the first EE1 and second EE2 ends of each of the electromagnets EA can, for example, be offset with respect to each other by a distance which is equal to the width L of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets in the first P1 and second P2 planes.

But in a variant embodiment not shown, the first EE1 and second EE2 ends of each of the electromagnets EA can, for example, be offset with respect to each other by the same offset of which is equal to the width L first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets

0 in the first P1 and second P2 planes divided by M (ie of = L / M).

It will be noted that in the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the electromagnets EA all work together and all have the same polarization orientation. However, this is not compulsory, as illustrated in the variant of FIG. 4 where a pair of neighboring EA electromagnets has the same polarization orientation, and the following pair of EA electromagnets have a polarization orientation opposite to that of the previous pair (and possibly the next pair). Indeed, according to the needs and according to the arrangement, some of the electromagnets EA can at a given time operate (and therefore be active) together (with or without the same polarization orientation), while at least one of the others EA electromagnets does not work (and therefore is not active (temporarily)).

îo When the EA electromagnets are associated within pairs of two electromagnets having the same polarization orientation (but not necessarily the same direction of offset (as in FIGS. 2 to 4)), each pair exerts a work on the RT rotor and the next pair does other work on the RT rotor either simultaneously or after it. The sum of the i5 jobs of the different pairs determines the total work of the ME electric motor. Consequently, the polarization orientations and the activation or deactivation of the EA electromagnets can be chosen in order to favor the torque and / or the rotation speed as required.

As illustrated without limitation in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the N

0 first permanent magnets A1 and the N second permanent magnets A2 can have the same circular cylindrical shape. But they could present other forms, and in particular parallelepipedic.

Also as shown without limitation in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, each of the electromagnets EA can have a general shape in C. In this case, the end faces of the first ends EE1 of the electromagnets EA are parallel to the first plane P1 and therefore parallel to the , and very close to, the end faces of the first ends E11 and E12 of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets and the end faces of the second ends EE2 of the electromagnets EA are parallel to the second plane P2 and

0 therefore parallel to, and very close to, the end faces of the second ends E21 and E22 of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets, which is optimal in terms of tangential action on the ends of the permanent magnets A1 and A2.

However, in a variant embodiment not illustrated, each of the electromagnets EA could have a general U shape. In this case, the end faces of the first ends EE1 of the electromagnets EA are perpendicular to the first plane P1 and therefore perpendicular to the end faces of the first ends E11 and E12 of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets and the end faces of the second ends EE2 of the electromagnets EA are perpendicular to the second plane P2 and therefore perpendicular to the end faces of the second ends E21 and E22 of the first A1 and second A2 permanent magnets. This arrangement is less optimal than that illustrated in terms of tangential action on the ends of the permanent magnets A1 and A2, but it offers a better compactness of the electric motor ME.

Claims (8)

1. Electric motor (ME) comprising a stator (ST) and a rotor (RT), 5 characterized in that said rotor (RT) comprises N first (A1) and N second (A2) permanent magnets i) having first ( E11, E12) and seconds (E21, E22) ends contained respectively in first (P1) and second (P2) planes, and respectively opposite pole orientations, and ii) placed next to each other alternately by defining a circular annular structure, and in that said stator (ST) comprises M electromagnets (EA), with Μ <2N, each having first (EE1) and second (EE2) ends placed respectively in front of said first (E11, E12) and seconds (E21, E22) ends of the first (A1) and second (A2) permanent magnets being offset relative to each other by 15 distance less than or equal to a width of the latter (A1, A2) in said first (P1) and second (P2) planes in order to induce a rotation drive of said rotor (RT) by combination of forces of attraction and repulsion exerted by each active electromagnet (EA) on first (A1) and second (A2) neighboring permanent magnets. 2. Electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that said N first permanent magnets (A1) and N second permanent magnets (A2) have the same circular cylindrical shape. 3. Electric motor according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each of said electromagnets (EA) has a general shape 25 in U-Neck. 4. Electric motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said first (EE1) and second (EE2) ends of each of said electromagnets (EA) are offset relative to each other by distance equal to said width of the first (A1) and second (A2) magnets Permanent in said first (P1) and second (P2) planes. 5. Electric motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said first (EE1) and second (EE2) ends of each of said electromagnets (EA) are offset relative to each other by ίο same offset equal to said width of the first (A1) and second (A2) permanent magnets in said first (P1) and second (P2) planes divided by M. 6. Electric motor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized 5 in that M is between 1 and 2N. 7. Vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one electric motor (ME) according to one of the preceding claims. 8. Vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that it is of the automobile type. 1/3 ME