FR3053431A1 - COMPOSITE TANK AND ITS INSPECTION METHOD - Google Patents
COMPOSITE TANK AND ITS INSPECTION METHOD Download PDFInfo
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- FR3053431A1 FR3053431A1 FR1656077A FR1656077A FR3053431A1 FR 3053431 A1 FR3053431 A1 FR 3053431A1 FR 1656077 A FR1656077 A FR 1656077A FR 1656077 A FR1656077 A FR 1656077A FR 3053431 A1 FR3053431 A1 FR 3053431A1
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- envelope
- tank according
- additive
- plastic
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
- F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0604—Liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
- F17C2203/0673—Polymers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/038—Control means using cameras
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0469—Constraints, e.g. by gauges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/015—Facilitating maintenance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Réservoir composite pour le stockage de gaz sous pression, notamment de l'hydrogène, comprenant une enveloppe (2) interne étanche et une enveloppe (3) extérieure de renfort mécanique en matériau composite disposée autour d'au moins une partie de l'enveloppe (2) interne dans lequel l'enveloppe (2) interne est constituée de matière plastique, caractérisé le plastique constituant l'enveloppe (2) interne intègre au moins additif (5) distinct du plastique parmi : un composé marqueur chromatique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l'enveloppe (2) interne en cas de déformation, un marqueur thermochromique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l'enveloppe (2) interne en cas d'exposition à au moins une température déterminée.Composite tank for the storage of pressurized gas, in particular hydrogen, comprising a tight inner envelope (2) and an outer envelope (3) of mechanical reinforcement made of composite material arranged around at least a part of the envelope ( 2) in which the inner casing (2) is made of plastic, characterized the plastic constituting the inner casing (2) incorporates at least one additive (5) distinct from the plastic from: a chromatic marker compound which induces a change of localized color of the inner envelope (2) in the event of deformation, a thermochromic marker which induces a localized color change of the inner envelope (2) when exposed to at least one predetermined temperature.
Description
Titulaire(s) : L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE Société anonyme.Holder (s): AIR LIQUIDE, ANONYMOUS COMPANY FOR THE STUDY AND EXPLOITATION OF GEORGES CLAUDE PROCESSES Société anonyme.
Demande(s) d’extensionExtension request (s)
Mandataire(s) : L'AIR LIQUIDE.Agent (s): AIR LIQUIDE.
RESERVOIR COMPOSITE ET SON PROCEDE D'INSPECTION.COMPOSITE TANK AND ITS INSPECTION METHOD.
FR 3 053 431 - A1 (6/) Réservoir composite pour le stockage de gaz sous pression, notamment de l'hydrogène, comprenant une enveloppe (2) interne étanche et une enveloppe (3) extérieure de renfort mécanique en matériau composite disposée autour d'au moins une partie de l'enveloppe (2) interne dans lequel l'enveloppe (2) interne est constituée de matière plastique, caractérisé le plastique constituant l'enveloppe (2) interne intègre au moins additif (5) distinct du plastique parmi : un composé marqueur chromatique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l'enveloppe (2) interne en cas de déformation, un marqueur thermochromique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l'enveloppe (2) interne en cas d'exposition à au moins une température déterminée.FR 3 053 431 - A1 (6 /) Composite tank for the storage of pressurized gases, in particular hydrogen, comprising an internal sealed envelope (2) and an external mechanical reinforcement envelope (3) made of composite material arranged around '' at least part of the inner casing (2) in which the inner casing (2) is made of plastic, characterized in that the plastic constituting the inner casing (2) incorporates at least one additive (5) distinct from the plastic among : a chromatic marker compound which induces a localized change in color of the internal envelope (2) in the event of deformation, a thermochromic marker which induces a localized change in color of the internal envelope (2) in the event of exposure to minus a specific temperature.
L’invention concerne un réservoir composite et un procédé d’inspection d’un tel réservoir.The invention relates to a composite tank and a method for inspecting such a tank.
L’invention concerne plus particulièrement un réservoir composite pour le stockage de gaz sous pression, notamment de l'hydrogène, comprenant une enveloppe interne étanche et une enveloppe extérieure de renfort mécanique en matériau composite disposée autour d'au moins une partie de l'enveloppe interne dans lequel l’enveloppe interne est constituée de matière plastique.The invention relates more particularly to a composite tank for the storage of pressurized gas, in particular hydrogen, comprising a sealed internal envelope and an external mechanical reinforcement envelope of composite material disposed around at least part of the envelope internal in which the internal envelope is made of plastic.
Les réservoirs composites (notamment de type IV) comprennent une enveloppe interne étanche (appelé également liner). Cette enveloppe interne, généralement en polymère, assure l’étanchéité aux gaz dans une gamme de température donnée et à condition de ne pas subir des déformations majeures.Composite tanks (in particular type IV) include a sealed internal envelope (also called a liner). This internal envelope, generally made of polymer, ensures gas tightness in a given temperature range and provided that it does not undergo major deformations.
Ces enveloppes internes sont notamment sujettes à deux phénomènes qui peuvent affaiblir la tenue du réservoir : la déformation et l’exposition à des températures extrêmes.These internal envelopes are notably subject to two phenomena which can weaken the holding of the tank: deformation and exposure to extreme temperatures.
Des déformations fréquemment rencontrées sont appelées « collapse ». Ces déformations sont provoquées par l’accumulation de gaz (par exemple de l’hydrogène) par perméation entre l’enveloppe interne et le composite extérieur de renforcement et solubilisation du gaz dans ces couches. Lors d’une vidange, ce gaz exerce une pression sur l’enveloppe interne et la déforme (« collapse »). De telles sollicitations répétées peuvent entraîner la fragilisation de l’enveloppe interne et éventuellement sa rupture, amenant à des fuites de gaz à travers le corps du réservoir.Frequently encountered deformations are called "collapse". These deformations are caused by the accumulation of gas (for example hydrogen) by permeation between the internal envelope and the external composite for reinforcing and dissolving the gas in these layers. During a drain, this gas exerts pressure on the internal envelope and deforms it ("collapse"). Such repeated stresses can lead to embrittlement of the internal envelope and possibly rupture, leading to gas leaks through the body of the tank.
Lors de vidanges ou remplissages rapides, la température de cette enveloppe interne peut atteindre des niveaux très bas (inférieur à -40°C en cas de vidange) ou très élevés (plus de 85°C en cas de remplissage).During rapid emptying or filling, the temperature of this internal envelope can reach very low levels (less than -40 ° C in the event of emptying) or very high levels (more than 85 ° C in the event of filling).
Aux basses températures, l’enveloppe interne est fragilisée (rupture fragile possible) et aux températures élevées, elle peut se déformer et devenir poreuse. Des expositions répétées aux basses ou/et hautes températures peuvent entraîner une fuite majeure.At low temperatures, the inner shell is weakened (brittle rupture possible) and at high temperatures, it can deform and become porous. Repeated exposure to low and / or high temperatures can cause major leakage.
Lors des inspections (contrôles au remplissage ou contrôles périodiques réglementaires) de tels réservoirs, il est impossible ou très difficile de détecter si cette enveloppe a subi des déformations ou une exposition à des températures extrêmes.During inspections (filling checks or periodic regulatory checks) of such tanks, it is impossible or very difficult to detect whether this envelope has undergone deformation or exposure to extreme temperatures.
Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l’art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, le réservoir selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu’en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que le plastique constituant l'enveloppe interne intègre au moins additif distinct du plastique parmi : un composé marqueur chromatique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l’enveloppe interne en cas de déformation, un marqueur thermochromique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l’enveloppe interne en cas d’exposition à au moins une température déterminée.To this end, the reservoir according to the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the plastic constituting the internal envelope incorporates at least one additive distinct from the plastic among: a chromatic marker compound which induces a localized change of color of the internal envelope in the event of deformation, a thermochromic marker which induces a localized change of color of the internal envelope in the event of exposure to at least a determined temperature.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l’invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- l’additif intégré dans le plastique de l'enveloppe interne comprend un marqueur chromique constitué d’un pigment à changement de couleur, tel qu’un piézochrome, lorsque soumis à un niveau de pression déterminé,- the additive integrated into the plastic of the internal envelope includes a chromic marker made up of a color-changing pigment, such as a piezochrome, when subjected to a determined pressure level,
- l’additif intégré dans le plastique de l'enveloppe interne comprend un marqueur thermochromique à changement de couleur lorsque soumis à une température déterminée,- the additive integrated into the plastic of the internal envelope includes a thermochromic color change marker when subjected to a determined temperature,
- le marqueur thermochromique comprend un leuco-colorant,- the thermochromic marker comprises a leuco-dye,
- le marqueur thermochromique comprend un acide faible et un solvant,the thermochromic marker comprises a weak acid and a solvent,
- l’additif est encapsulé,- the additive is encapsulated,
- l’additif est du type liquide et encapsulé dans un polymère tel que le mélamine formaldéhyde,- the additive is of the liquid type and encapsulated in a polymer such as melamine formaldehyde,
- l’additif représente 5 à 20% en masse de l'enveloppe interne,- the additive represents 5 to 20% by mass of the internal envelope,
- l’additif est du type à changement de couleur permanent ou réversible,- the additive is of the permanent or reversible color change type,
- l’additif est du type à couleur luminescente,- the additive is of the luminescent color type,
- l’enveloppe extérieure de renfort mécanique comprend une résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique dans laquelle sont noyées des fibres de renfort comprenant au moins l’un parmi : des fibres de carbone, des fibres de verre des fibres de basalte,the external mechanical reinforcement envelope comprises a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin in which the reinforcing fibers are embedded, comprising at least one of: carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers,
- l’enveloppe interne étanche est composée d’un polymère, de matière polyéthylène ou de polyamide,- the waterproof inner shell is made of a polymer, polyethylene or polyamide material,
L’invention concerne également un procédé d’inspection d’un réservoir composite selon l’une quelconque des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-après, le procédé comprenant une étape d’introduction d’un appareil de prise de vue à l’intérieur du réservoir, un étape de détection d’une éventuelle zone présentant une discontinuité de couleur au niveau d’au moins une partie de l’enveloppe interne via l’appareil de prise de vue.The invention also relates to a method of inspecting a composite tank according to any one of the characteristics above or below, the method comprising a step of introducing a camera inside of the reservoir, a step of detecting a possible zone having a color discontinuity at the level of at least a part of the internal envelope via the camera.
L’invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous.The invention may also relate to any alternative device or process comprising any combination of the above or below characteristics.
D’autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :Other particularities and advantages will appear on reading the description below, made with reference to the figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe, schématique et partielle, d'un exemple de réalisation possible de réservoir selon l'invention,FIG. 1 represents a schematic and partial sectional view of a possible embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention,
- la figure 2 illustre un détail agrandi de la coupe du réservoir de la figure 1.- Figure 2 illustrates an enlarged detail of the section of the tank of Figure 1.
L’invention concerne un réservoir composite pour le stockage de gaz sous pression.The invention relates to a composite tank for the storage of pressurized gas.
Le réservoir 1 composite de gaz sous pression représenté à titre d'exemple non limitatif comprend une enveloppe 2 interne ( liner ), par exemple de forme générale cylindrique, définissant un volume de stockage de gaz.The composite pressure gas tank 1 shown by way of nonlimiting example comprises an internal casing 2 (liner), for example of generally cylindrical shape, defining a gas storage volume.
L’enveloppe 2 interne est par exemple composée de plastique, notamment un polymère (par exemple du polyéthylène, polyamide ou tout autre matériau approprié).The inner casing 2 is for example composed of plastic, in particular a polymer (for example polyethylene, polyamide or any other suitable material).
L'enveloppe 2 interne comporte de préférence une ouverture à une de ses extrémités.The internal envelope 2 preferably has an opening at one of its ends.
Une enveloppe 3 extérieure de renforcement mécanique est disposée sur la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe 2 interne.An outer envelope 3 of mechanical reinforcement is disposed on the outer surface of the inner envelope 2.
L’enveloppe 3 de protection comprend par exemple l'un ou moins des constituants parmi: une résine de type époxy ou de type vinylester ou thermoplastique, un mélange d'une résine citée avec des fibres de carbone ou de verre, basalte ou des charges de noir de carbone. Cette enveloppe 3 extérieure est par exemple appliquée sur l’enveloppe 2 interne par enroulement filamentaire.The protective casing 3 comprises for example one or less of the constituents among: a resin of epoxy type or of vinylester or thermoplastic type, a mixture of a cited resin with carbon or glass fibers, basalt or fillers carbon black. This outer envelope 3 is for example applied to the inner envelope 2 by filament winding.
Cette enveloppe extérieure 3 de renfort mécanique a par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 90 mm et de préférence entre 2 et 60 mm.This outer envelope 3 of mechanical reinforcement has for example a thickness between 1 and 90 mm and preferably between 2 and 60 mm.
L’épaisseur peut varier notamment en fonction de la pression de service ou du diamètre du réservoir.The thickness may vary in particular depending on the operating pressure or the diameter of the tank.
Eventuellement, une couche intermédiaire (non représentée) (en polyamide ou autre éventuellement chargée de fibres) peut être prévue entre l’enveloppe 2 interne et l’enveloppe 3 extérieure.Optionally, an intermediate layer (not shown) (made of polyamide or other optionally loaded with fibers) may be provided between the inner casing 2 and the outer casing 3.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, le plastique constituant l'enveloppe 2 interne intègre au moins un additif 5 distinct du plastique parmi : un composé marqueur chromatique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l’enveloppe 2 étanche en cas de déformation, un marqueur thermochromique qui induit un changement de couleur localisé de l’enveloppe 2 étanche en cas d’exposition à au moins une température déterminée (par exemple -40°C ou +85°C).According to an advantageous characteristic, the plastic constituting the internal envelope 2 integrates at least one additive 5 distinct from the plastic among: a chromatic marker compound which induces a localized change in color of the waterproof envelope 2 in the event of deformation, a thermochromic marker which induces a localized change in color of the waterproof envelope 2 in the event of exposure to at least one determined temperature (for example -40 ° C or + 85 ° C).
C’est-à-dire que des marqueurs chromatiques et/ou thermochormes sont incorporés dans la formulation du polymère utilisé pour mouler le liner 2.That is, chromatic and / or thermochormic markers are incorporated in the formulation of the polymer used to mold liner 2.
Les marqueurs chromatiques sont prévus pour permettre de détecter une déformation ou une contrainte subie par l’enveloppe 2 interne qui se situerait en dehors des préconisations définies dans le cahier des charges d’utilisation du réservoir 1.The chromatic markers are provided to make it possible to detect a deformation or a stress undergone by the internal envelope 2 which would be outside the recommendations defined in the specifications for the use of the tank 1.
Cette détection est possible via une coloration permanente ou non dans la zone où la contrainte s’est produite (collapse par exemple).This detection is possible via permanent coloring or not in the area where the stress occurred (collapse for example).
Ainsi, lors d’une inspection du réservoir 1, un opérateur/inspecteur peut identifier si un (ou des) collapse(s) s’est/se sont produits et décider de l’action à mener (mise au rebut ou pas).Thus, during an inspection of tank 1, an operator / inspector can identify if a collapse (s) has / have occurred and decide on the action to be taken (scrapping or not).
Alternativement ou cumulativement, l’enveloppe 2 interne comprend des marqueurs dits « thermochromes » qui changent de couleur en fonction de températures auxquelles ils sont exposés, de manière temporaire ou irréversible. Ceci permet d’identifier si l’enveloppe 2 interne subi des températures inférieures à -40°C et/ou supérieures à +85°C pendant son utilisation.Alternatively or cumulatively, the internal envelope 2 includes so-called "thermochromic" markers which change color depending on the temperatures to which they are exposed, temporarily or irreversibly. This makes it possible to identify if the internal casing 2 has been subjected to temperatures below -40 ° C and / or above + 85 ° C during its use.
Par exemple, il est possible d’utiliser deux types de marqueurs thermochromes : un pour les basses températures (-40°C) et un pour les hautes températures (+85°C).For example, it is possible to use two types of thermochromic markers: one for low temperatures (-40 ° C) and one for high temperatures (+ 85 ° C).
Ainsi, lors d’une inspection, un opérateur est alors capable de détecter visuellement si l’enveloppe 2 interne a subi des températures extrêmes.Thus, during an inspection, an operator is then able to visually detect whether the internal envelope 2 has been subjected to extreme temperatures.
Pour réaliser ces inspections et comme schématisé à la figure 1, l’opérateur peut utiliser un endoscope 6 ou tout autre appareil qui est introduit à l’intérieur du réservoir 1 pour visualiser si l’enveloppe 2 s’est colorée du fait d’une exposition à une température ou un pression extrême.To carry out these inspections and as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the operator can use an endoscope 6 or any other device which is introduced inside the tank 1 to visualize whether the envelope 2 has become colored due to a exposure to extreme temperature or pressure.
De préférence, la couleur « normale » de l’enveloppe est relativement claire et le marqueur se colore de façon plus foncée.Preferably, the "normal" color of the envelope is relatively light and the marker becomes darker.
Alternativement ou cumulativement, il est possible d’utiliser une source de lumière (UV ou autre) pour mettre en évidence une coloration de la zone qui a subi la déformation ou une variation de température en dehors de la gamme d'utilisation prévue.Alternatively or cumulatively, it is possible to use a light source (UV or other) to highlight a coloration of the area which has undergone the deformation or a temperature variation outside the range of intended use.
La coloration peut être permanente ou non.The coloring can be permanent or not.
Les marqueurs peuvent être de type luminescent. De cette façon, i'intérieur de l’enveloppe 2 interne peut être éclairé pendant un temps limité puis il peut être observé ia réémission rapide (marqueurs fluorescents) ou lente (marqueurs phosphorescents) de lumière par les zones concernées.The markers can be of luminescent type. In this way, the interior of the internal envelope 2 can be illuminated for a limited time and then it can be observed ia rapid re-emission (fluorescent markers) or slow (phosphorescent markers) of light by the areas concerned.
Les additifs 5 marqueurs peuvent être des pigments, résines ou autres par exemple du type de ceux commercialisés par la société « OLIKROM ». Ces composants chimiques ont par ailleurs la propriété avantageuse de limiter les conséquences d'une sollicitation en fatigue de plastique et d’améliorer le temps de réactivité pigmentaire.The marker additives can be pigments, resins or the like, for example of the type sold by the company "Olikrom". These chemical components also have the advantageous property of limiting the consequences of a fatigue stress on plastic and of improving the pigment reactivity time.
Les marqueurs thermochromiques peuvent notamment être du type encapsulés (formés par exemple d'un leuco-coiorant, d'un acide faible et d'un solvant). L'avantage de cette structure est de conserver l'intégrité chimique, de garantir ia réversibilité de ia substance (liquide par exemple) encapsulé et de la protéger de l'environnement. On peut utiliser comme matériau d'encapsulation, par exemple, des polymères comme le méiamine formaldéhyde.The thermochromic markers can in particular be of the encapsulated type (formed for example of a leuco-coiorant, a weak acid and a solvent). The advantage of this structure is to preserve the chemical integrity, to guarantee the reversibility of the encapsulated substance (liquid for example) and to protect it from the environment. As an encapsulation material, for example, polymers such as meiamine formaldehyde can be used.
Ces additifs marqueurs peuvent représenter par exemple 5 à 20 % de la masse de l’enveioppe 2 plastique.These marker additives can represent for example 5 to 20% of the mass of the plastic envelope 2.
Claims (14)
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FR1656077A FR3053431B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | COMPOSITE TANK AND ITS INSPECTION METHOD |
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FR1656077A FR3053431B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | COMPOSITE TANK AND ITS INSPECTION METHOD |
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Cited By (1)
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FR3120680A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-16 | Faurecia Systemes D'echappement | Tank for pressurized gas with thermal indicators |
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WO2006089375A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Noshmell Pty Ltd | A lid for a container and a process for making same |
JP2009144804A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-07-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | High-pressure tank |
US20100170906A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-07-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Tank |
JP2013119924A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing high-pressure tank |
FR3025584A1 (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-11 | Air Liquide | GAS PACKAGING COMPOSITE CONTAINER COMPRISING MULTIPLE ENCLOSED ENVELOPES |
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- 2016-06-29 FR FR1656077A patent/FR3053431B1/en active Active
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WO2006089375A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Noshmell Pty Ltd | A lid for a container and a process for making same |
US20100170906A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-07-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Tank |
JP2009144804A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-07-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | High-pressure tank |
JP2013119924A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing high-pressure tank |
FR3025584A1 (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-11 | Air Liquide | GAS PACKAGING COMPOSITE CONTAINER COMPRISING MULTIPLE ENCLOSED ENVELOPES |
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FR3120680A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-16 | Faurecia Systemes D'echappement | Tank for pressurized gas with thermal indicators |
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