FR3039923A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material (20), said method comprising the following steps: - removal of at least one conductive wire (23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) for forming a composite material (20), - positioning in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) of the at least one conductive wire (23), - keeping in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) of the at least one conductive wire (23), and solidification of a polymeric material (21) impregnating the at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) so as to obtain a composite material (20) incorporating the at least one conductive wire (23).

Description

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Technical Field The invention relates to the field of composite materials with integrated electric beam for the transmission of electric current. The invention can be applied to a large number of fields having a need for electric current transport. The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the fields of automotive and aerospace as well as naval, security equipment and consumer goods due to the increasing number of composite material parts. The use of composites is particularly sought in the field of transport for the purpose of reducing weight in order to reduce fuel consumption. The integration of the conductors in the composite can improve the modularity of the product under consideration, which generates additional interest for composite materials, for example, a reduction in assembly costs which can then offset the additional cost associated with the composite. use of the composite material.

Previous Art The increase in security and multimedia benefits has significantly increased the number of electrical harnesses on board aircraft or motor vehicles. For example, the Airbus® A380® aircraft incorporates 530 km of electrical harnesses. For the most part, these bundles are attached to composite materials (fuselage or beams) as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 illustrates a composite material 200 consisting of a matrix 210 and fibrous reinforcements 220. Two fastening elements 221 are fixed on an upper face of the composite material 200 so as to maintain two electrical beams 230 each insulated by a sheath 220. A protective material 223 covers the sheaths 220 of the electrical bundles 230 so as to conceal and protect the electrical bundle network 230.

This conventional architecture generates a large footprint and overweight due to the presence of ducts, fasteners and protective material. It is therefore sought composite materials directly incorporating electrical harnesses to remove the fasteners and the protective material.

It is known from International Patent Application No. WO 2009/118509 a composite material incorporating at least one layer composed of conductive carbon fibers. This conductive layer provides current transmission throughout the conductive layer. However, this solution does not make it possible to obtain a conduction path of the current in a direction identified because the current can follow a plurality of conduction paths generating a loss of electrical power in the conductive layer. This loss of power can be particularly harmful in the case of transmission of information. Thus, this solution does not allow to integrate several electrical beams electrically insulated from each other in a composite material.

U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0011627 discloses a composite material incorporating electrical harnesses electrically insulated from each other. To do this, several electrical beams are juxtaposed rectilinearly in a non-conductive dielectric layer. The dielectric layer is then incorporated into a fibrous preform prior to solidification of the material.

U.S. Patent Application No. US 2014/0290977 also discloses a composite material incorporating electrically insulated electrical bundles. To do this, the electrical beams are juxtaposed rectilinearly between two elastomeric bands in a rolling process. The formation of the composite is carried out by calendering and baking this material.

These solutions make it possible to effectively integrate electrical bundles inside a composite material, but the multi-layer structure of the composite material and the presence of an intermediate material, facilitating the adhesion of the electrical bundle in the composite material, increases the risk of delamination of the composite material.

Thus, the mechanical strength of the composite material is degraded.

In addition, the rolling method imposes a rectilinear arrangement of the electrical bundles and does not make it possible to vary the geometry of the positioning of the electrical bundles inside the composite material, for example to connect an apparatus positioned perpendicularly to the axis of the bundle electrical, or located out of the plane of the electrical harness.

The technical problem of the invention is therefore to find how to integrate at least one electric beam in a composite material without greatly degrading the mechanical strength of the composite material.

Expose the invention

The present invention aims to respond to this technical problem by means of at least one conductive thread which is either positioned in the fibers of a fibrous reinforcement before solidification, or is positioned on a first part of a composite material (or prepreg) with a second portion of the composite material covering the conductive wire so as to integrate the at least one conductive wire. In both cases, the conductive wire is positioned and held in position until solidification of the composite material. For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material comprising the following steps: - removal of at least one conductive wire in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement intended to form a composite material, - positioning at contact of at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) with the at least one conductive thread, - keeping in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) of the at least one conductive thread, and - solidification of a material polymer impregnating the at least one fibrous reinforcement so as to obtain a composite material incorporating the at least one conductive wire. The invention thus makes it possible to manufacture a composite material incorporating electrical bundles by limiting the risk of delamination. The presence of the sheath around the conductive wires is no longer necessary when the composite material is not conductive. Maintaining the conductive wires makes it possible to constrain the geometry of the positioning of the conductive wires in the composite material. In addition, some parts of composite materials have holes, rivets or inserts that are generally made after the solidification of the composite material by machining. The invention enables the conductor wires to be deflected outside the areas intended to be machined.

According to one embodiment, the at least one conductive thread is integrated into the fibers of the fibrous reinforcement during the step of depositing the at least one conductive thread in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement. This embodiment makes it possible to maintain the initial volume of the composite material while integrating at least one conductive wire by an operation bonding the conductive wire to the fibrous reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, the at least one conductive wire is deposited on a first solidified part of a composite material (or prepreg) in the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement, the method comprising a step of overmoulding a second portion of the composite material so as to coat the conductive yarn in the step of solidifying the polymeric material. The overmolding of the second part of the composite material makes it possible to form an additional mechanical barrier around the first part of the composite material. In addition, the overmolded conductive son can create electromagnetic protection around the first part of the composite material.

According to one embodiment, the at least one conductive wire is deposited on a first layer of the fibrous reinforcement in the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement, the process comprising a a step of depositing a second layer of the fibrous reinforcement so as to coat the conductive wire prior to the step of solidifying the polymeric material. This embodiment makes it possible to integrate the at least one conductive wire between the layers of a fibrous reinforcement of a composite material.

According to one embodiment, the holding of the at least one conductive wire is formed by a pin positioned on the first layer of the composite material. This embodiment is particularly simple to implement because the pin adapts to the geometry of the first layer of the fibrous reinforcement. Preferably, the pin is made of an immiscible material in the impregnating resin and its solvents, resistant to the solidification step.

According to one embodiment, the maintenance of the at least one conductive thread is formed by a chute formed in the first layer of the fibrous reinforcement. This embodiment is particularly suitable for a preformable fibrous reinforcement, for example a foam.

According to one embodiment, the maintenance of the at least one conductive thread is achieved by fibrous links connected firstly to the fibrous reinforcement and secondly to the at least one conductive thread. This embodiment is particularly suitable for woven or knitted fibrous reinforcement. Alternatively, the fibrous bonds may be used to bond several conductive wires to each other.

According to one embodiment, the holding of at least two conductive threads is achieved by a fibrous reinforcement consisting of a hot-melt polymer in the form of filaments extending around at least a portion of the conductive threads, the viscosity of the fibrous reinforcement being sufficient to maintain the conductors between them.

According to one embodiment, the holding of the at least one conductive wire is achieved by connecting means configured to fix two distinct ends of the at least one conductive wire. The connecting means may be very simple such as tape, or they may be more sophisticated such as a holding frame.

According to one embodiment, the at least one conductive wire undergoes a physical and / or chemical treatment before the step of depositing the at least one conductive thread so as to improve the adhesion, in particular the adhesion, with the composite material. This embodiment provides a high mechanical strength. Preferably, the physical and / or chemical treatments are one or the combination of the following techniques: plasma, corona, laser, chemical, sol-gel, surface polymerization, electrochemistry, size, PVD, CVD, heat treatment, (valid in the most cases for fiberglass and aramid), galvanizing, electroplating, tinning, painting, electrophoresis, ceramics.

According to one embodiment, at least one conductive wire is made by several son strands juxtaposed and in electrical contact. For a section equivalent to a single-stranded conductive wire, a conducting wire made by several strands of smaller diameter makes it possible to limit the displacement of the reinforcements of the composite material.

According to one embodiment, at least one conductive wire has a variable section along its length, so as to improve the anchoring of the at least one conductive wire in the composite material. The variation of the section of the at least one conductive wire can be carried out only at the ends of the at least one conducting wire or at regular intervals. Preferably, the distance separating two variations of sections remains constant. This change of shape allows a better anchoring of the at least one conductive wire in the composite material, especially during a bending effort.

According to one embodiment, at least two conductive threads being deposited and positioned in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement, the method comprises a step consisting in splicing between the two conductive threads. This embodiment has the advantage of joining a plurality of conductive wires directly into the composite material, which guarantees greater strength at the connection and enables the realization of an electrical architecture.

Brief description of the figures

The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages which derive from it will emerge clearly from the following embodiment given by way of indication but not by way of limitation, with reference to the appended figures in which FIGS. 1 to 12 represent: FIG. 1, state of the art: a schematic representation in perspective of a composite material connected with two conductive son according to the state of the art; - Figure 2: a schematic representation in perspective of a composite material incorporating three conductive son disposed in the fibers of the fiber reinforcement according to the invention; - Figure 3: a schematic representation in section of a composite material incorporating several conductive son staggered in the fibers of a fiber reinforcement according to the invention; - Figure 4: a schematic representation in perspective of a composite material incorporating several conductive son arranged in several directions in the fibers of a fiber reinforcement according to the invention; - Figure 5: a schematic representation in perspective of a composite material incorporating an overmolded conductive wire according to the invention; - Figure 6: a schematic representation of four steps of connecting two son son by fibrous links according to the invention; FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of three bonding steps of three filament-based filamentary filaments according to the invention; 8a to 8e: a diagrammatic representation of five steps of producing a composite material in a frame according to the invention; FIGS. 9a to 9d: a schematic representation of four steps of making a composite material with a miscible pin according to the invention; FIGS. 10a to 10c: a schematic representation of three steps of producing a composite material with an immiscible pin according to the invention; - Figure 1 la 1 1d: a schematic representation of four steps of making a composite material with a chute according to the invention; and FIG. 12a to 12e: a schematic representation of five possibilities of making a splice between several conducting wires according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 2 illustrates a composite material 20 containing three conducting wires 23 integrated in the core of the composite material 20 and extending on each side of the composite material 20. "Composite material" means a material composed of an organic matrix 21 and The matrix 21 is, for example, made of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer. It may also contain additional elements (powders or fillers) playing a role of heat removal.

The fibrous reinforcements 22 may be in the form of laminates, folds or fibers. In general, they are either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, in the form of weaving, braiding, stitching, non-woven, or knitting. In the case of three-dimensional fibrous reinforcement 22, the conductive yarns 23 are integrated either according to the binding yarn connecting the different superimposed layers, or in the interleaving of the thickness between these layers. The three-dimensional fibrous reinforcements 22 comprise intercrock or NCF structures (Non Crimped Fabric), stitched laminate, sandwich structure, or honeycomb. The fibers of the fibrous reinforcements 22 are either short, long, or continuous, either natural or synthetic, for example carbon, glass, aramid or basalt fibers. The integration of the conducting wires 23 into the composite material 20, allows a reduction of the volume of the structure because the sheath and / or the film surrounding the wire 23 can be removed. The disappearance of the sheath occurs in the case of use of insulating fibrous reinforcements 22, see semiconductors, having a resistivity greater than ΙΩ.ιη. For example, there may be mentioned son of glass, aramid, basalt, polymer, as well as fibers combining several of the materials cited upstream.

From the mechanical point of view, the introduction of the conducting wire 23 in the composite material 20 can locally generate a problem of stress concentrations by displacing the fibrous reinforcement 22 punctually. In the volume adjacent to the conducting wire 23, the composite material 20 can be more fragile during external demands, and be less mechanically resistant during external impacts.

This mechanical fragility is mitigated, in particular, by the four different solutions described below which can be combined.

A first solution consists in subjecting the conductive wire 23 to physical treatment by introducing roughness or chemical functions. To do this, the conductor wire 23 undergoes a surface treatment in order to ensure a better interface with the matrix 21 of the composite material 20, and consequently a greater mechanical strength. Preferably, the physical and / or chemical treatments are one or the combination of the following techniques: plasma, corona, laser, chemical, sol-gel, surface polymerization, electrochemistry, size, PVD, CVD, heat treatment, (valid in the most cases for fiberglass and aramid), galvanizing, electroplating, tinning, painting, electrophoresis, ceramics. These treatments are intended to facilitate the adhesion of conductive wires 23 in matrices 21 of thermoplastic and thermosetting types, the only difference being the type of polymer used. For thermoplastics the deposits preferentially contain silane functions and for thermosetting, hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl functions (especially for epoxide type matrices).

This solution makes it possible to electrically isolate the conducting wire 23 with a deposit when it is used with electrically conductive fibrous reinforcements 22. This solution also makes it possible to chemically protect the conductive wire 23 in the case of adverse chemical reactions with the matrix 21 and / or the fibrous reinforcement 22.

A second solution consists in reducing the volume occupied by the conducting wire 23, either by reducing the size of the conducting wire 23, or by using several son strands juxtaposed and in electrical contact to form the conducting wire 23. Preferably, each strand is distributed along a fold of the fibrous reinforcement 22 and has a smaller unit section than the single conductor wire 23. This solution makes it possible to restrict the local extra thickness occurring by the introduction of excessively large conductor wires 23.

A third solution is to vary the section of a conductor wire 23 single strand to ensure better anchoring during stresses of the composite material 20. For example, the lead 23 may comprise a portion having a thinning or magnification in its central portion . The lead 23 may also include a crush. The variation of the section of the conductor wire 23 may be made only at the ends of the conductor wire 23 or at regular intervals. Preferably, the distance separating two variations of sections remains constant. This solution makes it easier to grip the lead wire 23 during automated machine placement.

A final solution, illustrated in Figure 3, is to place several son son 23, between or in the folds, on several lines. This solution has the advantage of distributing the stress concentrations F to the entire volume of the composite material 20, according to the structure of the fibrous reinforcement 22, or the embodiment of the composite material 20. This solution also makes it possible to feed several elements simultaneously and located at distant coordinates.

Another risk feared by the introduction of a copper conductor wire 23 in the composite material 20 is the generation of mechanical weaknesses during external impacts on the composite material 20.

A first solution, illustrated in Figure 4, is to place several son son 23, between or in the folds, in several directions.

A second solution, illustrated in FIG. 5, consists in depositing a conducting wire 23 on a first portion 25 of a composite material 20 and then overmoulding a second portion 26 of the composite material 20 on the first part 25 so as to integrate the wire conductor 23 in the composite material 20. As illustrated in Figure 5, the first portion 25 of the composite material 20 may incorporate conductive son 23 disposed in the fibrous reinforcement 22. This solution has the advantage of allowing the establishment a redundancy of the electrical signal passing through the conductive wires 23 outside the plane of orientation of the conductive wires 23 of the first part 25 of the composite material 20. The overmolding of the second portion 26 of the composite material 20 makes it possible to form a barrier additional mechanics during external impacts or additional electromagnetic protection.

For complex parts that can incorporate radii of curvature or to undergo particular mechanical stresses, for example in bending, a rectilinear conducting wire 23 may undergo additional forces and no longer adhere to the matrix 21 of the composite material 20. To overcome this problem, the use of curvilinear conductor wires 23 is preferred. For example, when the composite material 20 has a local extra thickness, a curvilinear conductor wire 23 can bypass this local extra thickness. Thus, the curvature of the conductive wire 23 makes it possible to avoid adding a mechanical brittleness in the area of the composite material 20 having the local extra thickness. For another example, the conductive wire 23 can be bent inside the composite material 20 to oppose a bending force that would be applied to the composite material 20 and thus improve the bending strength of the composite material 20. The curvature of the conducting wire 23 thus makes it possible to distribute the stresses of the composite material 20 and to modify the electromagnetic disturbances of the composite material 20 generated by the conducting wire 23.

To integrate the conductive wire 23 into the composite material 20, the invention proposes to deposit the conductive wire 23 in contact with the fibrous reinforcement 22, to position the conductive wire 23, to hold the lead wire 23 and to solidify a polymeric material impregnating the fibrous reinforcement 22.

The positioning and holding steps are therefore particularly important steps. To do this, it is possible to have substantially cylindrical studs on a preparation support 40. Lead son 23 are then stretched between two pads by winding around the pads. The winding of the conducting wires 23 then corresponds to the positioning step. Then, the assembly formed by the pads and the conducting wires 23 is deposited between two layers 31, 32 of a fibrous reinforcement 22. The pads guarantee the positioning of the conductive wires 23 in the presence of the matrix 21 and the fibrous reinforcements 22. The composite material 20 is then solidified.

This positioning of the conducting wires 23 complicates the holding step in order to guarantee the position of the conducting wires 23 after solidification of the composite material 20. To do this, the holding can be improved by another technique of positioning the conducting wires 23 between them. In the example of the manufacturing method of FIGS. 6a to 6d, the conducting wires 23 are interconnected by fibrous bonds 28 before being placed between the layers 31, 32 of a fibrous reinforcement 22 to form the composite material 20 The fibrous links 28 provide a minimum distance between the conductive wires 23 so as to avoid any risk of undesired electrical contact. Preferably, the fibrous bonds 28 are nano-fibers, fibers or ribbons of the same nature as the matrix 21 of the composite material 20.

To achieve this link by fibrous bonds 28, in a first step illustrated in Figure 6a, a preparation support 40 is provided with pads 41 and fibrous links 28.

In a second step illustrated in FIG. 6b, the conducting wires 23 are arranged on the studs 41 above the fibrous links 28. In a third step illustrated in FIG. 6c, fibrous bonds 28 are deposited above the conductive wires. 23 to intermingle with the fibrous bonds 28 already deposited on the preparation support 40. In a last step illustrated in FIG. 6d, the conducting wires 23 isolated by the fibrous links 28 are extracted from the pads 41 of the preparation support 40.

The third step of depositing fibrous bonds 28 can be performed by three-dimensional printing. Figures 7a to 7c illustrate a variant in which the fibrous bonds 28 are deposited in the form of filaments by a well known electrospinning process (also called "electrospinning" in the English literature). In the step illustrated in FIG. 7a, the fibrous bonds 28 are deposited by electro-spinning on the conducting wires 23 arranged on a preparation support 40. In the step illustrated in FIG. 7b, the conducting wires 23 isolated by the fibrous bonds 28 are arranged on a layer 31 of the fibrous reinforcement 22. The other layers 32 of the fibrous reinforcement 22 are then added to the conductive yarns 23. The viscosity of the fibrous bonds 28 ensures the maintenance of the conductive yarns 23 until solidification of the composite material 20. FIG. 7c illustrates the composite material 20 obtained with disappearance of the fibrous bonds 22 which are dissolved in the material of the matrix 21.

Another possibility for positioning and holding the lead wires 23 is illustrated in Figures 8a-8e. In a first step illustrated in FIG. 8a, a first layer 31 of the fibrous reinforcement 22 impregnated with the matrix 21 is placed in a mold 45. In a second step illustrated in FIG. 8b, a conductive wire 23 is fixed to the surface of FIG. the first layer 31 of the fibrous reinforcement 22. The surface integration with the existing fibrous reinforcement 22 is done by knitting, braiding or picking the conducting wire 23 by a wire, or of the same nature as the fibrous reinforcements 22, which is of a different nature . In a third step illustrated in FIG. 8c, a second layer 32 of the fibrous reinforcement 22 impregnated with the matrix 21 is placed in the mold 45 above the conducting wire 23. In a fourth step illustrated in FIG. 8d, the mold 45 is closed and the composite material 20 is solidified. Finally, the composite material 20 is extracted from the mold 45 and has a conducting wire 23 through as shown in Figure 8e.

Alternatively, the lead wires 23 can simply be held at their ends protruding from the composite material 20 by fastening means, such as tape or connectors or a frame. The son 23 conductors can also be integrated in the volume of fibrous reinforcements 22 being held at their ends.

Another possibility for positioning and holding the lead wires 23 is illustrated in Figures 9a to 9d. In a first step illustrated in FIG. 9a, a fibrous reinforcement 22 impregnated with the matrix 21 is placed in a mold 45. In a second step illustrated in FIG. 9b, a set of counters 24 which are miscible and of the same chemical nature as the matrix 21 is arranged on the fibrous reinforcement 22. In a third step illustrated in FIG. 9c, a conducting wire 23 is positioned on the pins 24. The function of the pins 24 is to keep the conducting wires 23 punctually until the material is transformed. In a fourth step illustrated in FIG. 9d, the mold 45 is closed and the die 21 is injected through an opening 46 of the mold 45 so as to cover the fibrous reinforcement 22 and the conducting wire 23. Before closing the mold it is possible to have previously covered the fibrous reinforcement 22 and the wire 23 with another fibrous reinforcement 22.

An alternative of this embodiment is illustrated in Figures 10a to 10c. In this variant, the pins 24 are immiscible and resist the shaping of the composite material 20. In a first step illustrated in FIG. 10a, the mold 45 is closed in order to make the pins 24 penetrate into the core of the first layer 31 of the fibrous reinforcement 22 thus making it possible to form orifices 47 in the first layer 31 of the fibrous reinforcement 22. In a second step illustrated in FIG. 10b, a conducting wire 23 is positioned on the pins 24. The pins 24 also have It is a function of maintaining the conductor wire 23 on an occasional basis until the composite material 20 is transformed. In a third step illustrated in FIG. 10c, a second layer 32 of the fibrous reinforcement 22 is placed on the first layer 31 and then the pins 24 are removed. Maintaining the conductor wire 23 being formed by the orifices 47 formed by the pins 24. It is also possible during the third step to have a second layer 32 on the fibrous reinforcement 22 retaining the pins 24. Then after solidification of the two layers with the driver, the pieces are removed.

Another possibility for positioning and holding the lead wires 23 is illustrated in FIGS. 11a to 11d. In a first step illustrated in FIG. 1 la, a fibrous reinforcement 22 impregnated with the matrix 21 is placed in a press 48. In a second step illustrated in FIG. 1 lb, the press 48 compresses a portion of the fibrous reinforcement 22. In a third step illustrated in FIG. 11c, the press 48 is removed from the contact of the fibrous reinforcement 22 and a chute 27 is formed on the fibrous reinforcement 22. Preferably, the fibrous reinforcement 22 is a material whose shape memory properties are weak. In a fourth step illustrated in FIG. 11d, the fibrous reinforcement 22 is placed in a mold 45, a conducting wire 23 is positioned and held by the chute 27 and the die 21 is injected through an opening 46 of the mold 45 so as to cover the fibrous reinforcement 22 and the conductive wire 23. Before closing the mold, it is possible to have previously covered the fibrous reinforcement 22 and the conductive wire 23 with another fibrous reinforcement 22.

These examples of positioning and maintenance of the conductor wire 23 make it possible to use a conventional shaping of the composite material 20, only a step of adding the conductive wire 23 is added to the choice, either at the level of the fibrous reinforcements 22, the layup or of the shaping of the composite material 20. The conducting wire 23 may be integrated in several plies of the fibrous reinforcement 22 and in several planes. The positioning of the conductor wire 23 may also be curvilinear and several son 23 conductors are not necessarily parallel to each other. In addition, the integration of the son 23 leads does not generate surplus material that can cause delamination during mechanical stress.

These examples also make it possible to guarantee the position of a plurality of conductive wires 23 in a composite material 20 by avoiding inadvertent contacts. As a variant, it is possible to provide contacts between two conductor wires 23, for example for producing an electrical architecture integrated into the core of the composite material 20. FIGS. 12a to 12e illustrate five examples for splicing two conducting wires 23 integrated in the heart of the composite material 20. These examples can be made with conducting son 23 of identical or different sections. Likewise, the conducting wires 23 may be incorporated beforehand into the fiber reinforcement 22 or during the preparation of the composite material 20, according to the techniques described upstream. The splices can be made in five different ways for mono-filaments (left) or multi-filaments (right).

As illustrated in Figure 12a, the first way is the contacting of a conductor 23 to one (or more) son son 23 through a woven wire reinforcement, in contact between all the conductive wires 23 of the splice. In the contacting zones of the conducting wires 23, soldering or brazing points are added. As illustrated in Figure 12b, the second way is contacting the leads 23 only by the soldering or soldering point. As illustrated in FIG. 12c, the third way is the direct contact (without intermediary) with the conducting wires 23 and the completion of the soldering or brazing point. As illustrated in FIG. 12d, the fourth way is to contact the conductive wires 23 of the splice by an electrical conductor wire, topstitched to the reinforcement. It may optionally be added to the point of contact between the conducting wires 23, soldering points or soldering. As illustrated in Figure 12e, the fifth way is the wrapping of the conductors son 23 of the splice by an electrical conductor wire.

These methods of making the splices make it possible to be able to remove design constraints from the electrical architecture in the composite material 20, on the one hand by minimizing the extra thickness created by the introduction of junction wires, of a smaller size, than that of the junction son of the splice and secondly by promoting a maximum contact surface between the conductor son 23 of the splice, guaranteed low electrical charge losses.

Claims (13)

1. A method of manufacturing a composite material (20), said method comprising the following steps: - removal of at least one conductive wire (23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) intended to form a material composite (20), and - solidification of a polymeric material (21) impregnating the at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) so as to obtain a composite material (20) incorporating the at least one conductive wire (23), characterized in that the method also comprises the following steps: positioning in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) of the at least one conductive wire (23) after the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire (23), and - maintaining the at least one conductive wire (23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22) from the step of positioning the at least one conductive wire (23) up to the step of solidifying the polymeric material (21). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) is integrated in the fibers of the fibrous reinforcement (22) during the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire ( 23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22). 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) is deposited on a first portion (25) solidified with a composite material (or prepreg) (20) in the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire (23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22), the method comprising a step of overmoulding a second portion (26) of the composite material (20) so as to cover the wire conductor (23) in the step of solidifying the polymeric material (21). 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) is deposited on a first layer (31) of the fibrous reinforcement (22) in the step of depositing the at least one wire conductor (23) in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22), the method comprising a step of depositing a second layer (32) of the fibrous reinforcement (22) so as to cover the conducting wire (23) before the a step of solidifying the polymeric material (21). 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the holding of the at least one conductive wire (23) is formed by a pin (24) positioned on the first layer (31) of the fibrous reinforcement (22). 6. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the holding of the at least one conductive wire (23) is formed by a chute (27) formed in the first layer (31) of the fibrous reinforcement (22). 7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the maintenance of the at least one conductive wire (23) is formed by fibrous links (28) connected firstly to the fibrous reinforcement (22) and on the other hand to the at least one conductive wire (23). 8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the holding of at least two conductive son (23) is formed by a fibrous reinforcement (28) consisting of a hot melt polymer in the form of filaments s' extending around at least a portion of the conductive wires (23), the viscosity of the fibrous reinforcement (28) being sufficient to maintain the conductive wires (23) therebetween. 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the holding of the at least one conductive wire (23) is formed by connecting means (29) configured to fix two separate ends of the at least one conductive wire (23). 10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) undergoes a physical and / or chemical treatment before the step of depositing the at least one conductive wire ( 23) so as to improve the adhesion with the composite material (20). 11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) is formed by several son strands juxtaposed and in electrical contact. 12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one conductive wire (23) has a variable section along its length so as to improve the anchoring of the at least one conductive wire ( 23) in the composite material (20). 13. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, at least two conductive son (23) being deposited and positioned in contact with at least one fibrous reinforcement (22), the method comprises a step of splicing (30) between the two conductive wires (23).