FR3038855A1 - AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM FOR LIMITING THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FIRE IN A LOCAL OR A BUILDING, TRUCK TYPE TRANSPORT VEHICLE INCORPORATING SUCH A SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an autonomous system for limiting the consequences of a fire in a room. It also relates to a transport vehicle incorporating such a system and the associated intervention method.

Description

AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM FOR LIMITING THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FIRE IN A LOCAL OR A BUILDING, TRUCK TYPE TRANSPORT VEHICLE INCORPORATING SUCH A SYSTEM

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to an autonomous system for limiting the consequences of a fire in a room, or an entire building.

It also relates to the integration of such a system in a truck-type transport vehicle in order to easily and quickly move the autonomous system to a local or a whole building under fire and requiring rescue. The main application targeted by the invention is the emergency intervention on a premises or a building, in which cells or containment contain dangerous substances, in particular radioactive materials that are stored and confined to them.

Although described below with reference to the main application, the invention also applies to any industrial application in which it is necessary to perform an emergency intervention on a local to limit the consequences of a fire triggered by his breast.

State of the art

One of the major challenges of installations in which dangerous materials are stored is to guarantee the absence of risk of their transfer to human beings, such as the personnel operating the facility concerned and / or the local population, and to immediate environment, that is to say the exploited site, or a little further away (countryside, village, cities).

Generally, hazardous materials are packaged and stored in rooms called cells or containment or storage.

Often, these cells are defined as fire sectors, that is to say a fire-protected area coming from the outside, in particular from the other premises of the installation concerned or from the inside.

In some cases, hazardous material storage cells are sized to withstand an earthquake.

In order to limit the risks of hazardous materials being discharged into the environment in the event of fire and / or earthquake, the design principles of the installations call for the implementation of several measures.

Firstly, it is advisable to have several containment systems including at least one static that must ensure the tightness of the volume in question, and at least one dynamic containment system sized and adapted as needed. Dynamic containment is ensured by the ventilation of the installation (local which can be a cell, building ...) which makes it possible to compensate for the defects of sealing of premises while ensuring that the air circulates of the least risky premises to premises in which the risk is greater.

The fact of having several containment systems allows in case of failure of the first system to protect the environment by at least a second system. Typically, the first containment system is closer to the hazardous material, and the second is usually the envelope of the premises and / or building.

In addition to the different containment systems, various provisions must be provided to respond to the fire problem, that is to say, to limit the risks of transfer of hazardous materials to the environment and the population in case of fire in Locals.

Thus, the installation of fire dampers makes it possible to establish a division of the premises in several sectors called fire sectors, containing hazardous materials. A fire sector is a basic volume delimited by building elements whose degree of fire resistance has been chosen according to the fire considered plausible to be declared or threatened there, and of the means of rescue programmed for the fire. time corresponding to the degree of resistance qualifying this sector of fire.

It is also necessary to divide the premises into several containment areas. A containment sector is a volume consisting of a room or group of premises, the characteristics of which make it possible, in a fire situation, to limit the dispersion of toxic or radioactive materials out of this volume.

It is also necessary to separate the blowing and extraction networks from the fire sectors from the rest of the premises.

Finally, filters, called very high efficiency filters (THE), arranged upstream and downstream of the premises for the reconstitution of static containment.

However, in existing old buildings or according to development constraints, these provisions may not be respected. This is particularly the case in temporary storage rooms in which the packaging of hazardous materials in sealed packaging eliminates, in normal operation, the establishment of a dynamic containment system.

This can also be the case of premises containing very large cells for which the establishment of containment areas of sufficient volume was not retained during the design.

Finally, this may concern premises whose size does not allow the installation of two separate ventilation systems, including one dedicated to the fire sectors and the other to the containment sectors.

In the latter two cases, the only way to ensure that there is no release of hazardous materials to the environment is to maintain sufficient air extraction in the premises to ensure the flow of air from the outside environment to the environment. the premises and / or the building or between the local fire risk and the adjacent premises.

If the protection principles mentioned above are considered sufficient in normal operation, it is necessary to take into account accident situations such as an earthquake with a fire.

In the latter case and considering the scenario of a widespread and uncontrolled fire in a room with fire sectors, environmental protection requirements make it necessary to take into account a failure of the watertightness of the airframe. confinement, that is to say a loss of static confinement.

The development of such a scenario can lead to the exceeding of the operating conditions of an extraction system, including purification devices before discharge to the chimney. For example, in the field of nuclear power, the most efficient high efficiency filters are qualified for 200 ° C for 2 hours. Beyond this temperature, the ventilation means are stopped and isolated from the premises.

During a fire in an isolated room, caused by the closing of the fire dampers upstream and downstream, the expansion of the gases can lead to a rise in pressure of the fire room likely to cause a rupture of the static confinement and therefore uncontrolled releases, direct or via leaks in the external environment.

In addition, during a major incident, such as the incident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, the power supply to the site may be lost. However, a loss of the power supply renders inoperative the systems for maintaining the dynamic confinement. There is therefore a need to improve the safety of a room or a set of premises, or of a building, in particular a room in which hazardous materials are stored, which is likely to undergo a fire.

In particular, there is a need to improve safety when the operating limits, in terms of dynamic containment, gas cleaning and monitoring of the ventilation system (s) implanted in the (s) ) local (ux) or the building are affected during the fire, and / or when the capabilities of the latter (s) are no longer sufficient due to the fire.

The object of the invention is to respond at least in part to this (these) need (s).

Presentation of the invention

To do this, the invention firstly relates to an autonomous system for limiting the consequences of a fire in a room, such as a storage cell, or a building comprising: a device for treating hot gases released by the fire, comprising at least: • a first reservoir called bubbling tank for containing a non-flammable liquid, the tank comprising at least one chamber adapted to cool by bubbling in the liquid the hot gases to a temperature below the threshold temperature for re-ignition of the gases, an opening adapted to allow the bubbled gases to pass through the chamber, • a mist separator connected to the opening of the bubbling tank, • a second reservoir called collection reservoir, connected to the reservoir of bubbling on the one hand by an overflow pipe to contain the effluents from the surplus liquid in the bubbling tank, especially the fai t the pressure of hot gases and secondly by a drain pipe to drain the bubbling tank; a first connection connected to the bubbling tank and intended to be connected to an opening of the room or building to ensure the exchange of gas between the room and the bubbling tank; a wet type cold battery, connected to the mist separator, for dehumidifying the air and simultaneously condensing the water vapor present so as to recover the condensed water in the bubbling tank; a device for extracting dehumidified air and trapping particles, connected to the cold battery and comprising from upstream to downstream: • a very high efficiency filter, for trapping particles still present in the dehumidified air; • an exhaust fan to extract the dehumidified air; • a chimney forming an emissary of rejection in the environment the air dehumidified and purified particles; a third reservoir, said buffer tank connected to the bubbling tank to supply the latter with non-flammable liquid and secondly to the collection tank to recover, in the buffer tank, the collected effluents; a second connection connected to the buffer tank and / or the bubbling tank and intended to be connected to an external supply of non-flammable liquid; a third connection connected to the collection tank and intended to be connected to an external reservoir called the discharge tank for discharging the liquid effluents.

By "autonomous" is meant here and in the context of the invention a system that can guarantee by itself the absence of release of pollutants, uncontrolled and unmeasured, to the environment, when the capabilities of the (es) ventilation system (s) installed in the room or building are no longer sufficient due to a fire, including a widespread fire occurring within the premises or building.

Advantageously, the cold battery is arranged above the mist separator to allow a flow of condensed water by gravity. Preferably, the cold battery is in line with the demesculator and is firmly attached to the latter.

According to an advantageous variant, the system comprises a hot battery in series with the cold battery. This makes it possible to bring the air to the highest possible relative humidity level, advantageously of the order of 100%.

The bubbling tank is preferably arranged above the collection tank to allow emptying of liquid effluents by gravity. More preferably, the bubbling tank is arranged in line with the collection reservoir being integral with the latter.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the buffer tank is arranged above the bubbling tank to allow a flow of the filling liquid by gravity, the system further comprising a lifting pump for discharging the collected effluents to the buffer tank.

According to an advantageous characteristic, the bubbling tank and / or the collection tank comprises (nent) nozzles adapted to rinse and / or clean said tanks with a liquid fed from the second connection. The subject of the invention is also a transport vehicle, of the container truck type, comprising a container housing a system previously described.

In order to allow a perfect integration into the vehicle and not to affect the efficiency of the releases into the environment, the outfall emitter is advantageously mounted mobile on the roof of the container between an inactive position in which the vehicle can move and an active position in which rejection into the environment can take place.

The vehicle may include a heater adapted to supply cold external air to the cold battery.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the container is divided into two zones, one in which the mechanical and fluidic components of the system are housed and another in which the system control equipment and the electrical boxes of the system are housed. .

The partition (s) separating the two zones is (are) preferably a biological protection partition.

Thus, the operator (s) to intervene and operate the system according to the invention are perfectly isolated from the heart of the system. In other words, the risks of contamination, including irradiation of personnel to intervene are limited. The invention also relates to a method of intervention on a premises, such as a storage cell, or a building, in which a fire is in progress, comprising the following steps: driving the transport vehicle as described above, to an area near the room or building including an air duct of the room or building passing through its outer wall; connection of a duct, in the extension of the first connection, to the duct for extracting air from the room or the building; commissioning of the autonomous system as described above, once the reject emissary in its active position.

According to an advantageous variant, once the operation of the system has been stopped, provision is made for a subsequent rinsing / cleaning step of the entire fluid network of the autonomous system, in particular by means of the rinsing nozzles inside each tank.

Faced with the problem of maintaining an air extraction system of a room in which a fire broke out, the inventors thought that only two solutions were technically feasible to take over the system (s). ) of ventilation implanted in the room.

The first is to put in place additional devices on the existing ventilation systems in the room, in order to maintain the respect of the operating conditions of these systems. However, retaining this solution is financially not always acceptable because it requires the completion of heavy work, especially for sensitive facilities for the containment of hazardous materials such as radioactive materials.

The second solution is to have an autonomous system that ensures, after failure of the ventilation of a room or building, the functions of dynamic containment and monitoring of the extraction performed.

Noting that no system currently existed, the inventors then imagined the solution according to the invention.

The autonomous system according to the invention meets the following requirements / constraints: - be independent vis-à-vis the local or building to ventilate; - can be controlled and monitored remotely; - be able to operate regardless of the availability of power supplies around the premises or building that is the object of the fire; - to guarantee, in the room or the building, a pressure compatible with its construction characteristics and the equipment passing through the static containment barriers (doors, hoppers, ...), - not to bring additional risks, that is to say -describe discharges of uncontrolled effluents into the environment; - be able to be cleaned / cleaned after use by limiting the risks for the operators; - allow dehumidification of the air before cleaning the gases; - allow monitoring of the air before discharge into the external environment; - ensure sufficient air circulation between the premises or building subject to the fire and the external environment; - Being able to be integrated into a truck-type vehicle in order to transport it easily and quickly in the immediate vicinity of a room in which a fire has occurred.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of the invention, given by way of illustration and without limitation, with reference to the following figures, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an example of an autonomous system according to the invention, - Figures 2A and 2B are schematic views respectively longitudinal transparency and from above, a truck incorporating into a container an autonomous system according to the invention; FIGS. 3A and 3B are similar to FIGS. 2A and 2B and show the connection of the integrated system in the truck to an opening of a room to ensure the exchange of gas between the room and the bubbling tank of the system according to the invention. .

Throughout the present application, the terms "lower", "upper", "vertical", "low", "high", "below" and "above" are to be understood by reference, with an autonomous system according to the invention in which the device for treating hot gases released by the fire is arranged vertically with the opening of the bubbling tank, adapted to let the bubbly-cooled gases pass into the chamber, which is located on the top of the device.

The terms "upstream", "downstream", "input", "output" are to be understood by reference to the flow direction of the fluids in the autonomous system according to the invention.

It is specified that in the different figures, the symbolized arrows represent the direction of a fluid.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an autonomous system 1 for limiting the consequences of a fire in a room, such as a storage cell, which is in accordance with the invention.

In the following example, consider an autonomous system 1 for a local. But this example is not limiting and it may be for example a whole building.

The system 1 comprises firstly a device 2 for treating hot gases released by the fire.

This device 2 comprises a bubbling tank 20 for containing a non-flammable liquid, with at least one chamber adapted to cool by bubbling in the liquid the hot gases to a temperature below the re-ignition threshold temperature of the gases.

The bubbling tank 20 is connected to a connection 3 intended to be connected to an opening of the room to ensure the exchange of gas between the room and the bubbling tank, as described below.

In the upper part of the bubbling tank 20, an opening 21 makes it possible to let the bubbled-off gases pass through at least one chamber of the bubbling tank.

A separator 22 is connected to the opening 21. This separator 22 makes it possible to remove from the flow of the hot gases a substantial fraction of the droplets carried in the flow and this by a separation of the gas / liquid type.

The gas treatment device 2 also comprises a collection tank 23 connected to the bubbling tank 20 by an overflow pipe 24 for discharging the effluents from the surplus liquid of the bubbling tank, in particular because of the pressure of the gases. hot, to the collection tank 23.

Advantageously, the collection tank 23 is arranged below the bubbling tank 20 to allow emptying of the liquid effluents by gravity. Thus, the collection tank 23 is connected to the bubbling tank 20 by a drain pipe 25 for draining it by gravity.

The internal structure of the bubbling tank 20 and the mist separator 22 and their relative arrangement may advantageously be that described in the patent application FR 2960791.

In particular, the bubbling tank 20 may comprise one or more internal chambers which is (are) in communication with the room via the fitting 3.

The bubbling tank 20 may also comprise one or more external chambers, which (are) are in communication with the opening 21.

For example, the reservoir 20 may incorporate within it four external chambers, and five internal chambers distributed individually on each side of the outer chambers.

Among the outer chambers, it may be provided an upper chamber of greater section than the other outer chambers, and adapted to stop the splashing liquid during operation of the device 2. This upper chamber is advantageously bounded on the top by the demesculator 22.

The bubbling tank 20 may further comprise a bubble-splitting device arranged within each outer chamber. Π can also one or more splash devices each arranged between the upper chamber and one of the other outer chambers, and adapted to limit the splashing of liquid during the operation of the system, that is to say with exhaust gases from the room through the connector 3 and thus inside the tank 20. Advantageously, each splash-proof device is integral with a bubble splitting device via one or more holding rods.

The bubbling tank 20 may further incorporate lateral separation elements between the inner chambers and the outer chambers. These lateral separation elements may be in the form of plates that extend in a direction orthogonal to the bottom wall of the reservoir 20. These separation elements are immersed, in normal operation, in the liquid within the reservoir, without reaching the lower wall of the tank 20. These separating elements may be equipped with wavebreak devices in the form of plates fixed on the lower ends of the separating elements and which are directed towards the inside of at least one outer chamber.

Finally, the bubbling tank 20 can incorporate a liquid level control system which makes it possible to fill the tank 20 with liquid, during the escape of the gases during a fire development phase, in order to compensate for the consumption of the liquid. liquid, by evaporation or overflow in the collection tank 23, and thus to ensure the continuity of the heat exchange between the gases and the liquid for cooling the combustion gases to a temperature below a threshold temperature of 30.degree. inflammation.

The gas treatment device 2, produced in accordance with the patent application FR 2960791, makes it possible to perform the following functions of: - firebreak because it ensures that the transfer of hot gases is ensured without passing the flame. Preferably, the fire rating can be up to 2 hours of use; - cooling, because it allows to reduce the temperature of the transferred gases to below the threshold of re-ignition unburned, of the order of 300 ° C, and thus ensure the absence of risk of spread of the fire by spontaneous re-ignition of the hot gases; - trapping aerosols and other suspended solids with an efficiency preferably greater than 90% and CO2 and CO2 emissions advantageously divided by a factor of 2.

More specifically, in a fire situation, the autonomous operation of the gas treatment device 2 in relation with the advantageous internal structure of the bubbling tank 20 detailed above is described.

It is specified that the system is autonomous via a generator for electrically supplying at least the exhaust fan and the cold battery. The gas treatment device 2 is as such a passive system.

During a phase of a fire, corresponding to the development of a widespread and uncontrolled fire in the local, the pressure and temperature increase very strongly. The internal chambers of the tank 20 are in communication with the local fire on the fitting 3. Therefore the increase in pressure pushes the liquid from the internal chambers and causes it to bubble in the outer chambers and go into the tank. collection 23.

The liquid level of the inner chambers drops to the upper ends of the separating members. When the pressure in the internal chamber (s) reaches a trigger threshold pressure, the hot gases of the fire form large gas bubbles.

As they rise to the surface of the outer chambers, the large gas bubbles are split into very small bubbles of gas by the bubble splitting devices. Small bubbles rise to the free surface of the water. The energy provided by the gas bubbles to the water causes a bubbling which causes water splashes (the gas bubbles being transformed into droplets of water) which are stopped by the upper chamber above the other chambers. external devices, anti-splash devices and the mist separator 22.

The liquid level drops, which triggers the liquid level control system and the device 2 is supplied with liquid.

The gas treatment device 2 has thus been triggered autonomously and passively for a threshold pressure.

The hot gases of the fire are cooled by bubbling in the outer chambers to a temperature below the re-ignition threshold temperature, thus preventing the spread of the fire inside the room.

Downstream of the mist separator 22 is connected a cold battery 4 of wet type. It serves to dehumidify the air and simultaneously condense the water vapor present so as to recover the water thus condensed in the bubbling tank 20.

Advantageously, the cold battery 4 is arranged above the stripper 22 to allow a flow of water condensed by gravity.

Alternatively, it can be provided to arrange a hot battery in series with the cold battery to bring the air at the highest possible relative humidity, preferably of the order of 100%.

To ensure the rejection of the treated gases, there is provided a device 5 for extracting dehumidified air and trapping particles, connected upstream to the cold battery 4.

This device 5 comprises from upstream to downstream: • a very high efficiency filter (THE) 51, for trapping particles still present in dehumidified air; An exhaust fan 50 for extracting the dehumidified air; • A chimney 52 forming a discharge outlet in the environment dehumidified air and purified particles.

In the case where the internal structure of the bubbling tank 20 comprises one or more external chambers, that (s) is (are) in communication with the cold battery 4 and then, downstream, with the filter THE 51 by a system of sheath (s).

Preferably, the fan 50 is equipped with a speed variator 53, which is controlled by the depression measured upstream of the gas treatment device 2 as illustrated by the dashed line in FIG. 1. The efficiency of the fan is thus optimized. exhaust fan according to the flow of hot gas passing through the opening of the room and therefore by the inlet connection 3 of the system 1. The non-flammable liquid range, typically in water, of the system 1 can be provided in full by a buffer tank 6 connected to the bubbling tank 20 by one or more ducts 60, 61 dedicated to supply the latter with non-flammable liquid. The sizing of the buffer tank 6 is made according to the power of the fires whose consequences we wish to control.

To fill the buffer tank 6 from the outside a connector 7 is connected. It is possible to provide in the connection a non-return valve 71 the connection 7 and the buffer tank 6.

The connector 7 can directly feed the bubbling tank 20 via a dedicated conduit 70.

The buffer tank 6 can also be connected to the collection tank 23 to recover the collected effluents in the buffer tank. It can further be provided to connect these two tanks 6, 23 by means of at least one dedicated conduit 61, 62 to allow cleaning and / or rinsing the collection tank.

Advantageously, the buffer tank 6 is arranged above the bubbling tank 20 to allow a flow of the filling liquid by gravity. In this case, a lifting pump 9 is then provided to evacuate the collected effluents to the buffer tank 6. An implantation of a not shown emergency pump may be provided to overcome any failure of the pump 9.

Finally, the autonomous system 1 comprises a connector 8 connected to the collection tank 23 and intended to be connected to a de-watering tank for discharging the liquid effluents.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, each of the reservoirs 20, 23 and 6 is advantageously provided with one or more nozzles B in the form of ramps at the end of the liquid supply ducts.

These nozzles ensure efficient cleaning / rinsing and, if necessary, decontamination of the system 1 after use to limit the consequences of a fire.

Thus, it is possible to carry out a first rinsing / cleaning with rinsing fluids, such as a mixture of water and a basic solution or an acid solution, introduced into the buffer tank 6 via the feed connection 7. water of this denier. The circulation of fluids the system can be ensured by the lifting pump 9 thus allowing to perform a first sanitation.

The nozzles B inside the tanks 20, 23, 6 also supplied with rinsing fluids via the lifting pump 9 make it possible to complete the first rinsing / cleaning.

Thus, the autonomous system 1 according to the invention which has just been described, can be advantageously integrated in a container (trailer) 11 of a truck 10 to transport it easily and quickly.

Such integration is shown in Figures 2A-3B. The trailer 11 of the illustrated truck 10 is for example of the type with a total permissible gross weight (GVWR) limited to 38 tonnes, the autonomous system 1 according to the invention is then dimensioned to extract a local maximum flow of 20,000 m3 / h.

To achieve this integration, the inventors thought judiciously first of all to arrange the bubbling tank 20 substantially perpendicular to the collection tank 23 by solidarisant (Figures 2A, 3A).

They have also thought of arranging the cold battery 4 above the demesculator 22 of the device 2 (FIGS. 2B, 3B).

Also the reject outlet 52 is mounted movably on the roof of the container between an inactive transport position in which the vehicle can move and an active position in which the discharge into the environment can take place. The horizontal transport position along the wall of the container 11 is shown in Figure 2A, while the vertically active position is shown in Figure 3A.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 3B, the container 11 is divided into two zones 12, 13 by a biological protection partition 14. The set of fluidic and mechanical components of the system 1 are arranged inside the zone 12 while the control and monitoring equipment of the system, in particular the desks and the electrical boxes are arranged in the zone 13.

The partition 14 thus makes it possible to ensure both the biological protection of the operators of the system 1 within the zone 13, in order to limit their exposure in the event of an incident, and the static confinement of the zone 12 of the mechanical and fluidic components. . It is also possible to provide a remote control console (remote control), communicating by cable connection, typically mounted on a winder in order to allow an operator to control the system 1 remotely.

A heater (air condenser) can advantageously be fixed to the wall of the container 11 to supply cold external air to the cold battery 4.

The monitoring of the discharges and the radioactive dose rate close to the system 1 can be advantageously achieved by beacons installed inside the trailer 11. Audible and / or visual alarms can also be advantageously located on the outside of the trailer. so as to alert the operator (s) located (s) outside in case of reaching predetermined thresholds.

Figures 3A and 3B show the vehicle connected to a room or a building in which a fire is likely to occur. A duct 16 in the extension of the connection 3 is thus connected to a duct 18 for extracting air from the room passing through its outer wall 19. The connection can be made via a suitable flange 17.

The autonomous system 1 according to the invention which has just been described makes it possible to guarantee the control of the dynamic confinement of the outer envelope of the building or of a room containing hazardous materials, during a generalized fire, and this in case of failure of the ventilation system installed on the building or premises.

Thus, in this situation of failure, the autonomous system 1 described makes it possible to restore the extraction of air from the room and ensures in addition to the following functions of: firebreak because it guarantees the extraction of hot gases without passage of the flame and without heat propagation, - cooling, because it decreases the temperature of the extracted air to below the threshold of the existing filtration equipment, typically 200 ° C for the fdtres THE, - dehumidification, because it guarantees a relative humidity of extract air compatible with the constraints of existing filtration equipment which constitute the extraction device downstream of the cold battery, - purification of the extracted air because of its two-stage filtration structure in series, one of which consists of the device for treating hot gases and the other downstream consisting of a filter THE, - monitoring, because it can be equipped with measurement and monitoring systems of the e effluents discharged from the depression in the ventilated building, as well as the radioactive dose rate in the vicinity, - gaseous discharge to the environment, since it is equipped with a discharge pipe (outfall) to improve the dilution of the effluents rejected in the external environment.

The autonomous system 1 is independent of the room to be ventilated and makes it possible to maintain an extraction and monitoring of the ambient conditions inside the room during a generalized fire. Π is designed to limit the number, frequency and duration of interventions during operation, the main interventions to be performed during the implementation of the system.

Thanks to the rinsing / cleaning means, in particular thanks to the rinsing nozzles B inside each tank 20, 23, 6, the system 1 according to the invention can be cleaned up after its operation, and this by limiting the risks of irradiation of the operator or operators to intervene. The invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described; it is possible in particular to combine with one another characteristics of the illustrated examples within non-illustrated variants.

Claims (15)

An autonomous system (1) for limiting the consequences of a fire in a room such as a storage cell, or a building, comprising: a device (2) for treating hot gases released by the fire, comprising at least: • a first reservoir called bubbling tank (20) for containing a non-flammable liquid, the tank comprising at least one chamber adapted to cool by bubbling in the liquid the hot gases to a temperature below the threshold temperature of re -Inflammation of the gases, an opening (21) adapted to let the bubbling-cooled gases into the chamber, • a mist separator (22) connected to the opening of the bubbling tank, • a second reservoir called collection tank (23) connected to the bubbling tank on the one hand by an overflow pipe (24) for containing the effluents from the excess liquid in the bubbling tank, in particular because of the pressure of the gases hot and on the other hand by a drain pipe (25) for draining the bubbling tank; a first connection (3) connected to the bubbling tank and intended to be connected to an opening of the room to ensure the exchange of gas between the room and the bubbling tank; a wet-type cold battery (4), connected to the mist separator, for dehumidifying the air and simultaneously condensing the water vapor present so as to recover the condensed water in the bubbling tank; a device (5) for extracting dehumidified air and trapping the particles, connected to the cold battery and comprising from upstream to downstream: • a very high efficiency filter (51), for trapping the particles still present in the dehumidified air • an exhaust fan (50) for extracting the dehumidified air; • a chimney (52) forming a discharge outlet in the environment dehumidified air and purified particles; a third reservoir, said buffer tank (6) connected to the bubbling tank for supplying the latter with non-flammable liquid and secondly to the collection tank for recovering in the buffer tank, the collected effluents; a second connector (7) connected to the buffer tank and / or the bubbling tank and intended to be connected to an external supply of non-flammable liquid; a third connector (8) connected to the collection tank and intended to be connected to an external tank called the discharge tank for discharging the liquid effluents. 2. System (1) autonomous according to claim 1, the cold battery being arranged above the mist separator to allow a flow of water condensed by gravity. 3. System (1) autonomous according to claim 2, the cold battery being in line with the demesculator being integral last. 4. System (1) autonomous according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a hot battery in series with the cold battery. 5. System (1) autonomous according to one of the preceding claims, the bubbling tank being arranged above the collection tank to allow emptying of the liquid effluent by gravity. 6. System (1) autonomous according to claim 5, the bubbling tank being arranged in line with the collection tank being integral with the latter. 7. System (1) autonomous according to one of the preceding claims, the buffer tank being arranged above the bubbling tank to allow a flow of the filling liquid by gravity, the system further comprising a lifting pump (9) to evacuate collected effluents to the buffer tank. 8. System (1) autonomous according to one of the preceding claims, the bubbling tank and / or the collection tank comprising nozzles adapted to rinse and / or clean said tanks with a liquid fed from the second connection. 9. Transport vehicle (10), of the container truck type, comprising a container (11) housing a system according to any one of the preceding claims. 10. Transport vehicle according to claim 9, the reject outlet being movably mounted on the roof of the container between an inactive position in which the vehicle can move and an active position in which the discharge into the environment can take place. 11. Transport vehicle according to claim 8 or 9, comprising a heater adapted to supply cold external air to the cold battery. 12. Transport vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 10, the container being divided into two zones (12, 13), one in which the mechanical and fluidic components of the system are housed and another in which the control equipment -System control as well as electrical boxes su system are housed. 13. Transport vehicle according to claim 11, the (the) partition (s) (14) separating the two zones being a biological protection partition. 14. A method of intervention on a premises, such as a storage cell, or a building, in which a fire is in progress, comprising the following steps: driving the transport vehicle (10) according to one of the claims 9 to 13, to an area near the room or building comprising a duct (18) for extracting air from the room or building passing through its outer wall (19); connection of a duct (16), in the extension of the first connection (3), to the duct (18) for extracting the air from the room or the building, putting into operation of the autonomous system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 after the outfall emitter (52) is in its active position. 15. The intervention method as claimed in claim 14, comprising, once the operation of the system has been stopped, a subsequent step of rinsing / cleaning the entire fluidic network of the autonomous system (1), in particular by means of the rinsing nozzles. (B) inside each tank (20, 23, 6).