FR3026118A1 - DEVICE FOR STORING WATER AND PRODUCING SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF FRESHWATER BY DESALINATION OF SEAWATER - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR STORING WATER AND PRODUCING SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF FRESHWATER BY DESALINATION OF SEAWATER Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3026118A1 FR3026118A1 FR1402141A FR1402141A FR3026118A1 FR 3026118 A1 FR3026118 A1 FR 3026118A1 FR 1402141 A FR1402141 A FR 1402141A FR 1402141 A FR1402141 A FR 1402141A FR 3026118 A1 FR3026118 A1 FR 3026118A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic panels
- water
- tanks
- production
- desalination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
- Y02A40/966—Powered by renewable energy sources
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant le stockage d'eau dans des réservoirs (1) et la production d'énergie électrique renouvelable par des panneaux photovoltaïques (2), qui peut être utilisé pour la production et le stockage d'eau douce par dessalement de l'eau de mer. Le dispositif est constitué d'un ensemble de composants qui interagissent entre eux dans un cycle vertueux dédié à la production écologique de l'eau douce dans les régions chaudes et arides de la planète. Un réservoir d'eau douce (1), couvert par les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) qui produisent l'énergie électrique pour alimenter la station de dessalement qui produit l'eau douce et alimente le réservoir (1) qui sauvegarde l'eau, refroidit, nettoie, supporte, encadre et insère dans l'environnement les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) qui protègent le réservoir (1) de l'évaporation et des poussières, sables, et rayonnements solaires. Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné au stockage d'eau, et à la production d'énergie électrique renouvelable solaire ainsi qu'à la production d'eau douce autonome par dessalement de l'eau de mer, sans apport énergétique extérieur.The invention relates to a device for storing water in tanks (1) and the production of renewable electric energy by photovoltaic panels (2), which can be used for the production and storage of freshwater by desalination The device consists of a set of components that interact with each other in a virtuous cycle dedicated to the ecological production of fresh water in the hot and arid regions of the planet. A freshwater tank (1), covered by the photovoltaic panels (2) that produce electrical energy to power the desalination plant that produces the fresh water and supplies the tank (1) that backs up the water, cools , cleans, supports, frames and inserts into the environment the photovoltaic panels (2) which protect the tank (1) from evaporation and dust, sands, and solar radiation. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for the storage of water, and for the production of solar renewable electric energy and for the production of autonomous fresh water by desalination of seawater, without external energy supply.
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif qui permet le stockage d'eau et la production d'énergie électrique renouvelable autonome. Ce dispositif peut être utilisé, dans certaines régions arides, pour la production et le stockage d'eau douce par dessalement de l'eau de mer.The present invention relates to a device that allows the storage of water and the production of autonomous renewable electric energy. This device can be used in some arid regions for the production and storage of freshwater by desalination of seawater.
Dans les régions chaudes et arides, telles que le golfe persique, la production et le stockage de l'eau rencontrent plusieurs problèmes. Tout d'abord dans ces régions, l'unique solution pour produire de l'eau est le dessalement de l'eau de mer qui consomme beaucoup d'électricité, généralement d'origine fossile chère, polluante et non renouvelable.In hot, arid regions, such as the Persian Gulf, water production and storage has several problems. First of all in these regions, the only solution for producing water is the desalination of seawater, which consumes a lot of electricity, generally of expensive, polluting and non-renewable fossil origin.
Pas assez ventées pour une exploitation rentable de l'énergie éolienne, ces régions très ensoleillées sont naturellement favorables à l'usage de l'énergie solaire. Cependant les panneaux solaires photovoltaïques ont un rendement qui décroît sensiblement avec l'élévation de la température et avec la présence de sable et de poussières déposés par les vents.Not windy enough for a profitable exploitation of wind energy, these very sunny regions are naturally favorable to the use of solar energy. However photovoltaic solar panels have a yield that decreases significantly with the rise in temperature and with the presence of sand and dust deposited by the winds.
Le dessalement de l'eau de mer consomme beaucoup d'énergie électrique et nécessite le déploiement de panneaux photovoltaïques sur de grandes superficies avec un impact environnemental important. Le stockage de l'eau est soumis à des pertes importantes par évaporation, dues aux températures élevées, et par capillarité, dues à la nature généralement poreuse des sols de ces régions sablonneuses ou calcaires. De plus il nécessite la construction d'infrastructures de génie civil très coûteuses, longues à réaliser et à forts impacts environnementaux. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de contenir tous ces problèmes grâce à la création de grands réservoirs de stockage d'eau de type « piscine » enterrés ou semi-enterrés, revêtus intérieurement de « liner » ou « membrane souple » pour garantir l'étanchéité et des délais de constructions bien plus courts que pour des ouvrages classiques. La surface de l'eau de ces réservoirs est totalement recouverte de panneaux photovoltaïques disposés, en fonction de la taille des bassins, sur une membrane flottante, équipée de flotteurs ou sur un couvercle rigide, afin de réduire considérablement l'évaporation de l'eau, sa dégradation par les poussières et le rayonnement solaire, produire une énergie renouvelable propre, bon marché et autonome pour le dessalement de l'eau ainsi qu'optimiser l'impact environnemental du parc photovoltaïque.Desalination of seawater consumes a lot of electrical energy and requires the deployment of photovoltaic panels over large areas with a significant environmental impact. The storage of water is subject to significant losses by evaporation, due to high temperatures, and by capillarity, due to the generally porous nature of the soils of these sandy or limestone regions. In addition, it requires the construction of civil engineering infrastructures that are very expensive, time-consuming and have high environmental impacts. The device according to the invention makes it possible to contain all these problems thanks to the creation of large underground or semi-buried "pool" type water storage tanks, internally coated with "liner" or "flexible membrane" to guarantee the sealing and construction times much shorter than for conventional works. The water surface of these tanks is completely covered with photovoltaic panels arranged, depending on the size of the pools, on a floating membrane, equipped with floats or on a rigid cover, in order to considerably reduce the evaporation of water. , its degradation by dust and solar radiation, to produce a clean, cheap and autonomous renewable energy for the desalination of water as well as to optimize the environmental impact of the photovoltaic park.
L'eau des réservoirs permet le refroidissement des panneaux photovoltaïques par une circulation naturelle (ou forcée par ventilateurs) de l'air entre la surface de l'eau et les panneaux photovoltaïques et, selon les besoins, par une aspersion directe des panneaux, afin de garantir leur rendement optimum. L'eau des réservoirs permet aussi le nettoyage du sable et des poussières des panneaux photovoltaïques, par aspersion automatique d'eau sur chaque panneau 5 (comme sur un pare-brise automobile) ou sur un groupe de panneaux afin de garantir leur rendement optimum. Les panneaux photovoltaïques alimentent en électricité la station de dessalement, via un réseau électrique. La station de dessalement alimente en eau les réservoirs, via un réseau d'eau. 10 L'eau circule en permanence dans les réservoirs reliés entre eux afin d'éviter la prolifération des bactéries. Les réservoirs sont connectés au réseau d'adduction d'eau en fonction de la nature de la demande (base, pointe, secours) Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention : 15 La figure 1 représente en coupe, le dispositif de l'invention. La figure 2 représente en coupe, le dispositif de l'invention inséré dans le système global de production et stockage d'eau. La figure 3 représente en coupe, le système de refroidissement par ventilation et le système de nettoyage par aspersion des panneaux photovoltaïques. 20 En référence à ces dessins, le dispositif de l'invention comporte un réservoir d'eau douce (1), dont la taille et la géométrie sont optimisées en fonction des besoins, revêtu d'un revêtement étanche (5) de type « liner » ou « membrane souple » ou autre procédé étanche. La surface de l'eau est recouverte d'une membrane souple flottante (3) 25 poreuse et partiellement perforée pour l'emplacement des flotteurs (4) et des supports flottants (7) des panneaux photovoltaïques (2). Les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) sont montés sur des supports inclinés flottants (7). Ces supports inclinés flottants (7) comportent un conduit de ventilation (8), compris entre la surface de l'eau et la face inférieure des panneaux 30 photovoltaïques (2), suffisant pour permettre un refroidissement naturel (ou accéléré par l'ajout de ventilateurs électriques en bout de conduit) des panneaux photovoltaïques (2) Les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) sont équipés de systèmes de nettoyage (9) par aspersion d'eau douce sur leurs faces supérieures. 35 Selon une variante non illustrée, la membrane souple flottante (3) peut être remplacée par un couvercle rigide opaque qui supporte les panneaux photovoltaïques.The water from the tanks allows the cooling of the photovoltaic panels by a natural circulation (or forced by fans) of the air between the surface of the water and the photovoltaic panels and, according to the needs, by a direct sprinkling of the panels, in order to guarantee their optimum efficiency. The tanks' water also allows the cleaning of the sand and dust of the photovoltaic panels, by automatic water spraying on each panel 5 (as on a car windshield) or on a group of panels to guarantee their optimum efficiency. The photovoltaic panels supply electricity to the desalination plant via an electrical network. The desalination plant supplies the reservoirs with water via a water network. The water circulates continuously in the tanks connected together to prevent the proliferation of bacteria. The tanks are connected to the water supply network according to the nature of the application (base, peak, emergency). The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention: FIG. 1 represents in section, the device of the invention. Figure 2 shows in section, the device of the invention inserted into the overall system of production and storage of water. Figure 3 shows in section, the cooling system by ventilation and the cleaning system by spraying photovoltaic panels. With reference to these drawings, the device of the invention comprises a freshwater reservoir (1), whose size and geometry are optimized according to the needs, coated with a waterproof coating (5) of the "liner" type. "Or" flexible membrane "or other waterproof process. The surface of the water is covered with a flexible floating membrane (3) porous and partially perforated for the location of the floats (4) and floating supports (7) of the photovoltaic panels (2). The photovoltaic panels (2) are mounted on floating inclined supports (7). These inclined floating supports (7) comprise a ventilation duct (8), between the surface of the water and the underside of the photovoltaic panels (2), sufficient to allow natural cooling (or accelerated by the addition of electric fans at the end of the duct) of the photovoltaic panels (2) The photovoltaic panels (2) are equipped with cleaning systems (9) by spraying fresh water on their upper faces. According to a variant not illustrated, the floating flexible membrane (3) can be replaced by an opaque rigid cover which supports the photovoltaic panels.
Selon une variante non illustrée une couronne flottante, solidaire des panneaux photovoltaïques (2) et de la membrane souple flottante (3), placée sur la circonférence des réservoirs circulaires non illustrés, dont la rotation lente obtenue par des actionneurs, à câbles, crémaillères, vérins, propulseurs ou autres adaptés à la taille et à la configuration du réservoir, permet le suivi de la rotation du soleil et donc la captation optimale de l'énergie solaire, du lever jusqu'au coucher du soleil, par l'ensemble des panneaux photovoltaïques (2). Selon une variante non illustrée une couronne, solidaire du couvercle rigide opaque qui supporte les panneaux photovoltaïques (2), placée sur la circonférence des réservoirs circulaires non illustrés, dont la rotation lente obtenue par des actionneurs, à câbles, crémaillères, vérins, propulseurs ou autres adaptés à la taille et à la configuration du réservoir, permet le suivi de la rotation du soleil et donc la captation optimale de l'énergie solaire, du lever jusqu'au coucher du soleil, par l'ensemble des panneaux photovoltaïques (2).According to a variant not shown a floating ring, integral with the photovoltaic panels (2) and the floating flexible membrane (3), placed on the circumference of circular tanks not shown, whose slow rotation obtained by actuators, cables, racks, cylinders, thrusters or other adapted to the size and configuration of the tank, allows tracking of the rotation of the sun and therefore the optimal capture of solar energy, from sunrise to sunset, by all the panels photovoltaic (2). According to a variant not illustrated, a ring, integral with the opaque rigid cover which supports the photovoltaic panels (2), placed on the circumference of circular tanks not shown, whose slow rotation obtained by actuators, cables, racks, cylinders, thrusters or others adapted to the size and the configuration of the tank, allows the monitoring of the rotation of the sun and therefore the optimum capture of solar energy, from sunrise to sunset, by all the photovoltaic panels (2) .
Les parements supérieurs des réservoirs sont équipés de murs coupe-vents (6) en maçonnerie, bois, verre ou matière synthétiques. Les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) produisent l'énergie électrique qui alimente la station de dessalement (10) via un réseau électrique (12). La station de dessalement (10) produit l'eau via un réseau (13) qui alimente le réservoir (1). Le réservoir (1) sauvegarde l'eau, refroidit, nettoie, supporte et intègre Les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) dans l'environnement. Les panneaux photovoltaïques (2) et la membrane flottante associée (3) protègent le réservoir (1) de l'évaporation et des dégradations de l'eau dues aux poussières, sables, et rayonnements solaires. Le réservoir (1) alimente en eau les usagers via un réseau (14) et une station de traitement (11) pour l'eau potable. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, les réservoirs auront des dimensions de l'ordre de 500m pour la longueur et 200m pour la largeur et de 20m pour la 30 profondeur. Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné au stockage d'eau douce et à la production d'énergie électrique renouvelable autonome. Ce dispositif peut être utilisé, dans certaines régions arides, pour la production et le stockage d'eau douce par dessalement de l'eau de mer. 35The upper facings of the tanks are equipped with windproof walls (6) in masonry, wood, glass or synthetic materials. The photovoltaic panels (2) produce the electrical energy that feeds the desalination station (10) via an electrical network (12). The desalination station (10) produces the water via a network (13) which supplies the tank (1). The tank (1) backs up the water, cools, cleans, supports and integrates the photovoltaic panels (2) into the environment. The photovoltaic panels (2) and the associated floating membrane (3) protect the tank (1) from evaporation and degradation of the water due to dust, sands, and solar radiation. The tank (1) supplies users with water via a network (14) and a treatment station (11) for drinking water. By way of nonlimiting example, the tanks will have dimensions of the order of 500m for the length and 200m for the width and 20m for the depth. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for the storage of fresh water and the production of autonomous renewable electric energy. This device can be used, in some arid regions, for the production and storage of fresh water by desalination of seawater.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1402141A FR3026118B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2014-09-24 | DEVICE FOR STORING WATER AND PRODUCING SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF FRESHWATER BY DESALINATION OF SEAWATER |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1402141 | 2014-09-24 | ||
| FR1402141A FR3026118B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2014-09-24 | DEVICE FOR STORING WATER AND PRODUCING SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF FRESHWATER BY DESALINATION OF SEAWATER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3026118A1 true FR3026118A1 (en) | 2016-03-25 |
| FR3026118B1 FR3026118B1 (en) | 2018-11-16 |
Family
ID=52130309
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1402141A Expired - Fee Related FR3026118B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2014-09-24 | DEVICE FOR STORING WATER AND PRODUCING SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF FRESHWATER BY DESALINATION OF SEAWATER |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3026118B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115196700A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-18 | 安徽恒合智能控制系统有限公司 | Zero-carbon modular water purification system |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080172256A1 (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Barak Yekutiely | Method for financing a provider of energy to a utility |
| US20100132695A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2010-06-03 | Nolaris Sa | Man Made Island With Solar Energy Collection Facilities |
| US20110168235A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2011-07-14 | Scienza Industria Tecnologia S.R.L. | Apparatus and method for generating electricity using photovoltaic panels |
| EP2549551A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | Agora' S.r.l. | Modular supporting construction for photovoltaic systems |
| US20130146127A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-06-13 | C & L Pastoral Company Pty Ltd | Floatation device for solar panels |
| WO2013116897A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-15 | Water Innovations Power And Technology Holdings Pty Ltd | Solar generator platform |
| KR101386699B1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-04-18 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | Solar-wave-wind combined mooring power generation unit and system |
-
2014
- 2014-09-24 FR FR1402141A patent/FR3026118B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080172256A1 (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Barak Yekutiely | Method for financing a provider of energy to a utility |
| US20100132695A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2010-06-03 | Nolaris Sa | Man Made Island With Solar Energy Collection Facilities |
| US20110168235A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2011-07-14 | Scienza Industria Tecnologia S.R.L. | Apparatus and method for generating electricity using photovoltaic panels |
| US20130146127A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-06-13 | C & L Pastoral Company Pty Ltd | Floatation device for solar panels |
| EP2549551A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | Agora' S.r.l. | Modular supporting construction for photovoltaic systems |
| WO2013116897A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-15 | Water Innovations Power And Technology Holdings Pty Ltd | Solar generator platform |
| KR101386699B1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-04-18 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | Solar-wave-wind combined mooring power generation unit and system |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115196700A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-18 | 安徽恒合智能控制系统有限公司 | Zero-carbon modular water purification system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3026118B1 (en) | 2018-11-16 |
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| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
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| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 9 |
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| ST | Notification of lapse |
Effective date: 20240505 |
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| RN | Application for restoration |
Effective date: 20240524 |
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| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 11 |
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| FC | Decision of inpi director general to approve request for restoration |
Effective date: 20240902 |