FR3024875A1 - ELECTRODE FOAM METALLIC - Google Patents
ELECTRODE FOAM METALLIC Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3024875A1 FR3024875A1 FR1401868A FR1401868A FR3024875A1 FR 3024875 A1 FR3024875 A1 FR 3024875A1 FR 1401868 A FR1401868 A FR 1401868A FR 1401868 A FR1401868 A FR 1401868A FR 3024875 A1 FR3024875 A1 FR 3024875A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- coating
- foam
- metal
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Electrode pour électrolyte constituée d'une plaque de mousse métallique caractérisée en ce que ladite mousse est constituée d'un squelette de mousse de métal choisi dans le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages recouvert d'au moins un revêtement en étain, indium, titane, platine, ruthénium, palladium, ou un de leurs alliages.Electrolyte electrode consisting of a metal foam plate characterized in that said foam consists of a metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys covered with at least one tin coating , indium, titanium, platinum, ruthenium, palladium, or an alloy thereof.
Description
1 La présente invention concerne les électrodes utilisées dans l'électrolyse ainsi que les électrodes utilisées dans la générateurs de courant tels que les piles et les batteries, et concerne en particulier une électrode en mousse métallique. Aujourd'hui, il est connu d'utiliser des électrodes, anodes et cathodes, composées d'une mousse de métal, par exemple du nickel, que ce soit des électrodes utilisées dans des cuves à électrolyse ou dans les générateurs de courant (piles, batteries). Une électrode composée de mousse métallique présente un avantage considérable du fait qu'elle présente une surface réelle développée bien supérieure à une électrode de même dimension formée d'une plaque de métal, et donc présente une conductance à l'interface entre l'électrolyte et l'électrode bien plus grande. En outre, par rapport à une surface de métal plane, le dégagement des bulles de gaz qui a lieu normalement affecte très peu la surface de contact avec l'électrolyte du fait que les bulles de gaz sont expulsées rapidement des alvéoles de la mousse parc que leur volume augmente qui augmente dépasse très vite le volume des alvéoles de la mousse. Toutefois il s'avère que les électrodes actuelles en mousse composées d'un seul métal présentent une conductance 25 limitée à l'interface entre l'électrolyte et l'électrode. C'est pourquoi le but de l'invention est de fournir une électrode métallique dont la conductance à l'interface entre l'électrolyte et l'électrode est maximale. Ce résultat inattendu a été obtenu en utilisant 30 plusieurs revêtements de métaux différents composant la mousse L'objet de l'invention est donc une électrode pour électrolyte constituée d'une plaque de mousse métallique caractérisée en ce que ladite mousse est constituée d'un 35 squelette de mousse de métal choisi dans le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages 3024875 2 recouvert d'au moins un revêtement d'étain, d'indium, de platine ou un de leurs alliages. Les buts, objets et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description 5 qui suit. Comme énoncé ci-dessus, la mousse métallique composant l'électrode selon l'invention est une mousse à cellules ouvertes composée d'un squelette de mousse de métal choisi parmi le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs 10 alliages recouvert d'au moins un revêtement métallique tel qu'un revêtement en étain, indium, platine ou un de leurs alliages. L'obtention du squelette de mousse peut se faire par électrolyse. Dans ce cas, une plaque de mousse de matière 15 plastique telle qu'une mousse de polyuréthane est rendue électriquement conductrice et est utilisée comme cathode dans un bain électrolytique, ce qui permet de recouvrir toutes les surfaces des alvéoles ou cellules ouvertes de la mousse par une couche de métal.The present invention relates to the electrodes used in the electrolysis as well as the electrodes used in the current generators such as batteries and batteries, and relates in particular to a metal foam electrode. Today, it is known to use electrodes, anodes and cathodes, composed of a metal foam, for example nickel, whether electrodes used in electrolytic cells or in current generators (batteries, batteries). An electrode composed of metal foam has a considerable advantage in that it has a real developed surface much greater than an electrode of the same size formed of a metal plate, and therefore has a conductance at the interface between the electrolyte and the much larger electrode. In addition, with respect to a flat metal surface, the normally occurring bubble gas release has very little effect on the electrolyte contact surface because the gas bubbles are rapidly expelled from the cells of the foam pool. their volume increases which increases very quickly exceeds the volume of the cells of the foam. However, it turns out that current foam electrodes composed of a single metal have a conductance limited to the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode. This is why the object of the invention is to provide a metal electrode whose conductance at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode is maximum. This unexpected result was obtained by using several different metal coatings making up the foam. The object of the invention is therefore an electrolyte electrode consisting of a metal foam plate characterized in that said foam consists of metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys 3024875 2 coated with at least one coating of tin, indium, platinum or an alloy thereof. The objects, objects and features of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows. As stated above, the metal foam composing the electrode according to the invention is an open cell foam composed of a metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated with at least one metal coating such as a coating of tin, indium, platinum or an alloy thereof. The skeleton of foam can be obtained by electrolysis. In this case, a plastic foam plate such as a polyurethane foam is made electrically conductive and is used as a cathode in an electrolytic bath, thereby covering all surfaces of the cells or open cells of the foam by a layer of metal.
20 Une deuxième méthode d'obtention de la plaque de mousse métallique consiste à déposer le métal par la technique du dépôt sous vide. Mais la meilleure méthode consiste en une première étape d'activation de la mousse de matière plastique par dépôt chimique d'une couche de métal de faible épaisseur suivie d'une seconde étape d'électrolyse pendant laquelle une couche du même métal d'épaisseur adéquate est déposée par électrolyse. Après le dépôt de la couche de métal, on se débarrasse 30 du polyuréthane par un procédé adéquat, par exemple par brûlage dans un four. Le polyuréthane brûle et disparaît, ne laissant qu'un squelette constitué exclusivement de métal. La structure de la mousse obtenue est alvéolaire et ses propriétés physiques sont principalement une porosité et une 35 déformabilité élevées afin de réduire la résistance 3024875 3 électrique de la connexion, ainsi qu'une faible densité de l'ordre de 400g/m. Une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention est que le squelette de mousse métallique est recouvert d'un premier 5 revêtement en étain, indium, titane, platine, ruthénium, palladium ou un de leurs alliages par électrolyse ou tout autre procédé (projection, immersion dans un bain...) de telle sorte que toute la surface alvéolaire soit revêtue de métal. A noter que le premier revêtement peut être également 10 recouvert de plusieurs autres revêtements d'un métal différent de celui du premier revêtement. Par exemple, si le premier revêtement est en étain ou titane, le deuxième revêtement peut être en indium, platine ou ruthénium. Le choix du fer, du cobalt, du nickel ou d'un de leurs 15 alliages qui sont des métaux présentant une grande dureté, permet d'obtenir une électrode présentant une rigidité indispensable pour la bonne tenue de l'électrode. A noter que la rigidité de l'électrode peut être améliorée en repliant les bords de la plaque de mousse ou en 20 disposant la mousse dans un cadre rigide en métal. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, l'électrode est composée d'un squelette en mousse de nickel recouvert d'un revêtement d'étain ou de titane. Comme déjà mentionné, l'électrode selon l'invention peut 25 être une électrode (anode ou cathode) utilisée dans une cuve à électrolyse, ou dans un générateur de courant, pile ou batterie, comme par exemple une batterie au lithium ou une pile à combustible.A second method of obtaining the metal foam plate is to deposit the metal by the vacuum deposition technique. But the best method consists in a first step of activating the plastic foam by chemical deposition of a thin metal layer followed by a second electrolysis step during which a layer of the same metal of adequate thickness is deposited by electrolysis. After the deposition of the metal layer, the polyurethane is removed by a suitable method, for example by burning in an oven. Polyurethane burns and disappears, leaving only a skeleton made exclusively of metal. The structure of the foam obtained is cellular and its physical properties are mainly high porosity and deformability in order to reduce the electrical resistance of the connection, as well as a low density of the order of 400 g / m 2. An essential feature of the invention is that the metal foam skeleton is coated with a first coating of tin, indium, titanium, platinum, ruthenium, palladium or an alloy thereof by electrolysis or any other process (spraying, immersion in a bath ...) so that the entire alveolar surface is coated with metal. It should be noted that the first coating may also be covered with several other coatings of a metal different from that of the first coating. For example, if the first coating is tin or titanium, the second coating may be indium, platinum or ruthenium. The choice of iron, cobalt, nickel or one of their alloys, which are metals having a high hardness, makes it possible to obtain an electrode having a rigidity essential for the good behavior of the electrode. Note that the rigidity of the electrode can be improved by folding the edges of the foam plate or by placing the foam in a rigid metal frame. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrode is composed of a nickel foam skeleton covered with a coating of tin or titanium. As already mentioned, the electrode according to the invention may be an electrode (anode or cathode) used in an electrolytic cell, or in a current generator, battery or battery, such as for example a lithium battery or a battery. combustible.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1401868A FR3024875B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | ELECTRODE FOAM METALLIC |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1401868A FR3024875B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | ELECTRODE FOAM METALLIC |
| FR1401868 | 2014-08-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3024875A1 true FR3024875A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 |
| FR3024875B1 FR3024875B1 (en) | 2019-05-31 |
Family
ID=52465393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1401868A Active FR3024875B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | ELECTRODE FOAM METALLIC |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3024875B1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4187350A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Porous catalyzed electrode provision and technique |
| CN101435095A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-05-20 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for electroplating metal on surface of stephanoporate metal product |
| WO2012007701A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Amc | Electrical connection device having improved conductance |
-
2014
- 2014-08-14 FR FR1401868A patent/FR3024875B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4187350A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Porous catalyzed electrode provision and technique |
| CN101435095A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-05-20 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for electroplating metal on surface of stephanoporate metal product |
| WO2012007701A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Amc | Electrical connection device having improved conductance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JULIA VAN DRUNEN ET AL: "Electrochemically Active Nickel Foams as Support Materials for Nanoscopic Platinum Electrocatalysts", ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, vol. 6, no. 15, 16 July 2014 (2014-07-16), pages 12046 - 12061, XP055190376, ISSN: 1944-8244, DOI: 10.1021/am501097t * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3024875B1 (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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