FR2995674A1 - Heat exchanger for e.g. steam generation, in nuclear industry, has tubular elementary heat exchange structure including multitude of associated micro-channels, where micro-channels are circularly distributed in tubular elementary structure - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for e.g. steam generation, in nuclear industry, has tubular elementary heat exchange structure including multitude of associated micro-channels, where micro-channels are circularly distributed in tubular elementary structure Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2995674A1
FR2995674A1 FR1258736A FR1258736A FR2995674A1 FR 2995674 A1 FR2995674 A1 FR 2995674A1 FR 1258736 A FR1258736 A FR 1258736A FR 1258736 A FR1258736 A FR 1258736A FR 2995674 A1 FR2995674 A1 FR 2995674A1
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France
Prior art keywords
channels
micro
elementary
tubular elementary
heat exchanger
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Granted
Application number
FR1258736A
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French (fr)
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FR2995674B1 (en
Inventor
Stephane Benac
Pascal Andre Diler
Jean-Paul Robert Louis Fache
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Naval Group SA
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DCNS SA
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/10Particular layout, e.g. for uniform temperature distribution
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchanger has tubular elementary heat exchange structures, where each tubular elementary structure (1) includes a multitude of associated micro-channels (2). The micro-channels are circularly distributed in the tubular elementary structure, where the micro-channels are arranged in a circle around a central channel of the tubular elementary structure.

Description

Echangeur de chaleur à structure élémentaire tubulaire d'échange thermique La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur. Plus particulièrement l'invention se rapporte à un échangeur de chaleur qui comporte une multitude de structures élémentaires tubulaires d'échange thermique.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger. More particularly, the invention relates to a heat exchanger which comprises a plurality of elementary heat exchange tubular structures.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur trouvent de nombreuses applications comme par exemple pour la génération de vapeur ou la condensation dans des domaines tels que celui de l'industrie nucléaire ou autres. Bien entendu ce type d'échangeur de chaleur trouve des applications dans d'autres domaines techniques et pour d'autres applications.Such heat exchangers find many applications such as for steam generation or condensation in fields such as the nuclear industry or others. Of course this type of heat exchanger finds applications in other technical fields and for other applications.

En fait ces échangeurs de chaleur doivent répondre à un certain nombre de critères d'utilisation tels que par exemple une tenue en pression importante, une réduction des surfaces d'échange, un encombrement réduit, un coût de fabrication également réduit, une très bonne fiabilité, etc... Toutes les études menées jusqu'à présent sur ces échangeurs de chaleur ont tendu vers l'amélioration du coefficient d'échange thermique de ceux-ci afin de permettre une réduction des surfaces d'échange nécessaires et donc de l'encombrement de ces échangeurs. C'est ainsi par exemple que des solutions à base d'inserts disposés à l'intérieur de tubes d'échange afin de rendre l'écoulement interne plus turbulent, ont été proposées, de même que l'utilisation de revêtements spéciaux de la surface interne d'un tube, de micro rayures sur celle-ci, etc... Pour différents exemples de réalisation d'échangeurs de ces différents types, on pourra par exemple se reporter aux documents JP 2011075123, WO 2011/040518, CN 201715913, KR 20100090505, JP 2010175217, JP 2010032128, CN 201221910, CN 201184767, DE 202007016841, US 2007096611, EP 1 746 174 et JP 2006322661. Cependant toutes les solutions proposées dans ces documents présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients. En effet, la plupart si ce n'est la totalité de ces documents se rapporte au domaine de l'industrie automobile et à la conception de radiateurs de refroidissement des moteurs de ceux-ci. De plus ces documents se rapportent donc quasiment tous à une technologie de réalisation par extrusion d'aluminium. Or ceci présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients car ce type de matériau est incompatible avec une utilisation dans certains domaines techniques comme celui de l'industrie nucléaire.In fact these heat exchangers must meet a number of use criteria such as, for example, a high pressure resistance, a reduction of the exchange surfaces, a small footprint, a manufacturing cost also reduced, a very good reliability , etc ... All the studies conducted so far on these heat exchangers have tended to improve the heat exchange coefficient thereof to allow a reduction of the necessary exchange surfaces and therefore the congestion of these exchangers. For example, solutions based on inserts arranged inside exchange tubes in order to make the internal flow more turbulent have been proposed, as well as the use of special coatings on the surface. internal of a tube, micro scratches thereon, etc ... For different embodiments of exchangers of these types, we can for example refer to JP 2011075123, WO 2011/040518, CN 201715913, KR 20100090505, JP 2010175217, JP 2010032128, CN 201221910, CN 201184767, DE 202007016841, US 2007096611, EP 1,746,174 and JP 2006322661. However, all the solutions proposed in these documents have a number of disadvantages. Indeed, most if not all of these documents relate to the field of the automotive industry and the design of engine cooling radiators thereof. In addition, these documents almost all relate to an aluminum extrusion manufacturing technology. However, this has a number of disadvantages because this type of material is incompatible with use in certain technical fields such as that of the nuclear industry.

Par ailleurs le revêtement par exemple interne des tubes illustrés, n'est pas fiable à long terme et n'est pas non plus forcément adapté à une tenue à la corrosion telle que par exemple celle provoquée à la suite d'une exposition à de l'eau de mer. De plus l'utilisation d'inserts qui sont des pièces ajoutées et mobiles, peut poser un certain nombre de problèmes appelés problèmes de « corps migrants », car ces inserts peuvent être emportés par le fluide circulant dans l'échangeur. Les micro-rayures pratiquées dans les surfaces correspondantes des tubes de certains échangeurs, n'augmentent pas de façon significative le coefficient d'échange thermique pour certains types de transfert de chaleur.Moreover, the coating, for example internal, of the tubes illustrated, is not reliable in the long term and is not necessarily adapted to corrosion resistance, for example that caused by exposure to light. In addition, the use of inserts, which are added and mobile parts, can pose a number of problems called "migrating body" problems, because these inserts can be carried away by the fluid circulating in the exchanger. . The micro-scratches made in the corresponding surfaces of the tubes of some exchangers do not significantly increase the heat exchange coefficient for certain types of heat transfer.

Les serpentins sont quant à eux extrêmement complexes à réaliser et peuvent présenter des problèmes de tenue mécanique. Enfin les échangeurs à plaques ont une tenue limitée à la pression en raison de leur profil plan. Le but de l'invention est donc de résoudre ces problèmes.The coils are extremely complex to perform and may have problems with mechanical strength. Finally, the plate heat exchangers are limited in their pressure due to their flat profile. The object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.

A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur du type comportant une multitude de structures élémentaires tubulaires d'échange thermique, caractérisé en ce que chaque structure élémentaire tubulaire d'échange comporte elle-même une multitude de micro-canaux associés. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'échangeur selon l'invention, prise(s) seule(s) ou en combinaison : - Les micro-canaux sont répartis en cercle dans la structure élémentaire; et - Les micro-canaux sont répartis en cercle autour d'un canal central de la structure élémentaire. L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels : - la figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective d'une structure élémentaire tubulaire d'échange thermique entrant dans la constitution d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, et - les figures 2 et 3 représentent des vues en bout de deux variantes de réalisation d'une telle structure élémentaire. On a en effet illustré sur ces figures et en particulier sur la figure 1, une portion d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention qui comporte de façon classique, une multitude de structures élémentaires tubulaires d'échange thermique. L'une de ces structures élémentaires est représentée sur ces figures et en particulier sur la figure 1 et est désignée par la référence générale 1.To this end, the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multitude of elementary heat exchange tubular structures, characterized in that each elementary tubular exchange structure itself comprises a multitude of associated microchannels. According to other characteristics of the exchanger according to the invention, taken alone or in combination: The microchannels are distributed in a circle in the elementary structure; and - The micro-channels are distributed in a circle around a central channel of the elementary structure. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of an elementary structure tubular heat exchange forming part of a heat exchanger according to the invention, and - Figures 2 and 3 show end views of two embodiments of such an elementary structure. In these figures, and in particular in FIG. 1, a portion of a heat exchanger according to the invention has been illustrated, which conventionally comprises a multitude of elementary heat exchange tubular structures. One of these elementary structures is shown in these figures and in particular in Figure 1 and is designated by the general reference 1.

En fait cette structure élémentaire est donc une structure tubulaire d'échange thermique et comporte elle-même une multitude de micro-canaux associés les uns aux autres. L'un de ces micro-canaux est par exemple désigné par la référence générale 2 sur cette figure 1. En fait on conçoit à la lumière de ces figures que chaque structure élémentaire tubulaire d'échange thermique de l'échangeur, comporte elle-même une multitude de micro-canaux associés tels que ce micro-canal 2, qui permettent donc d'obtenir une augmentation de la surface d'échange et donc du coefficient d'échange thermique de chaque structure élémentaire, entre les fluides circulant de part et d'autre de cet échangeur. Comme cela est illustré sur les figures 2 et 3, les micro-canaux peuvent être répartis en cercle dans la structure élémentaire. Par exemple, les micro-canaux associés peuvent être répartis en cercle autour d'un canal central de la structure élémentaire, désigné par la référence générale 3 sur la figure 3. En fait ces micro-canaux peuvent être répartis selon une configuration dite en « barillet ». Bien entendu d'autres dispositions et d'autres configurations de ces micro-canaux et de leur association peuvent être envisagées. Cette structure peut être obtenue par exemple en utilisant une technologie d'extrusion à chaud d'un manchon percé, par tréfilages successifs, jusqu'à obtention de la géométrie désirée. Bien entendu d'autres modes de fabrication de cette structure encore peuvent être envisagés. On conçoit alors qu'une telle structure présente un certain nombre d'avantages notamment au niveau de la surface d'échange et du coefficient d'échange thermique extrêmement important et optimisé pour un encombrement donné de l'échangeur, de sa tenue en pression externe élevée, de la qualité et de la fiabilité de fabrication de l'ensemble, etc. Une telle structure se traduit en effet par une fabrication beaucoup plus simple avec un coût réduit et une fiabilité augmentée.35In fact, this elementary structure is therefore a tubular heat exchange structure and itself comprises a multitude of microchannels associated with each other. One of these micro-channels is for example designated by the general reference 2 in this FIG. 1. In fact, it is conceivable in the light of these figures that each elementary heat exchange tubular structure of the heat exchanger comprises itself a multitude of associated microchannels such as this micro-channel 2, which therefore make it possible to obtain an increase in the exchange surface and therefore in the heat exchange coefficient of each elementary structure, between the fluids circulating on both sides. other of this exchanger. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the micro-channels can be distributed in a circle in the elementary structure. For example, the associated micro-channels may be distributed in a circle around a central channel of the elementary structure, designated by the general reference 3 in FIG. 3. In fact these micro-channels may be distributed in a configuration called " barrel ". Of course other arrangements and other configurations of these micro-channels and their association can be envisaged. This structure can be obtained for example by using a hot extrusion technology of a pierced sleeve, by successive drawing, until the desired geometry is obtained. Of course other methods of manufacturing this structure still can be envisaged. It is then conceivable that such a structure has a certain number of advantages, in particular at the level of the exchange surface and the extremely important thermal exchange coefficient, optimized for a given space requirement of the exchanger, of its resistance to external pressure. the quality and reliability of the assembly, etc. Such a structure results in a much simpler manufacturing with reduced cost and increased reliability.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS1.- Echangeur de chaleur du type comportant une multitude de structures élémentaires tubulaires d'échange thermique, caractérisé en ce que chaque structure élémentaire tubulaire d'échange (1) comporte elle-même une multitude de micro-canaux associés (2).CLAIMS1.- A heat exchanger of the type comprising a multitude of elementary tubular heat exchange structures, characterized in that each elementary tubular exchange structure (1) itself comprises a multitude of associated microchannels (2). 2.- Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les micro-canaux (2) sont répartis en cercle dans la structure élémentaire.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the microchannels (2) are distributed in a circle in the elementary structure. 3.- Echangeur de chaleur selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les micro-canaux sont répartis en cercle autour d'un canal central (3) de la structure élémentaire.3.- heat exchanger according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the microchannels are distributed in a circle around a central channel (3) of the elementary structure.
FR1258736A 2012-09-18 2012-09-18 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBULAR THERMAL EXCHANGE TUBULAR STRUCTURE Active FR2995674B1 (en)

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FR2995674A1 true FR2995674A1 (en) 2014-03-21
FR2995674B1 FR2995674B1 (en) 2017-10-20

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552216A1 (en) * 1983-09-21 1985-03-22 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Improvements made to heat exchanger pipes and to exchangers made with such pipes
US20020046830A1 (en) * 2000-10-25 2002-04-25 Holger Ulrich Air conditioner with internal heat exchanger and heat exchanger tube therefor
US20100263847A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Microchannel heat exchanger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552216A1 (en) * 1983-09-21 1985-03-22 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Improvements made to heat exchanger pipes and to exchangers made with such pipes
US20020046830A1 (en) * 2000-10-25 2002-04-25 Holger Ulrich Air conditioner with internal heat exchanger and heat exchanger tube therefor
US20100263847A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Microchannel heat exchanger

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