FR2983157A1 - Backrest for seat of railway vehicle, has support zone for supporting head of user, and adjusting unit configured to make support zone adjustable in height and/or depth, where backrest has fixed height - Google Patents

Abstract

The backrest (2) has a support zone (10) for supporting a head of a user (7), where the backrest has fixed height. An adjusting unit is configured to make the support zone adjustable in height (H) and/or depth (P). The adjusting unit includes a set of bags (12) that is arranged to be inflated and/or deflated to ensure height adjustment and/or depth adjustment of the support zone. The set of bags is placed on top of each other. An independent claim is also included for a method for adjusting a support zone of a seat.

Description

Seat back, in particular of a railway vehicle, seat comprising such a backrest and method for adjusting a support zone for the head of a user of the seat.

The invention relates to a seat back, in particular a rail vehicle, a seat comprising such a backrest and a method of adjusting a support area of the head of a user of the seat. In the field of rail transport, users of different morphologies are brought to occupy the same seat. In addition, once installed, users are likely to practice various activities (read, work on a computer, write, rest ...) and over periods that can be long. The comfort of their seat and in particular their file is not trivial. However, a file not adapted to their morphology and / or not adapted to their activities can cause significant physical discomfort for the occupant. It is therefore essential not to neglect the comfort of the users. To this end, it is known seats whose inclination is variable to be able to move the seat from an inclined position, favoring rest, to a rectified position, promoting the practice of an activity. These seats have folders including an area for receiving the back of the occupant and an area for receiving the head of the user. These folders are of fixed height and the position of the support area of the head is not adjustable. Such a seat does not allow the file to propose a correct and comfortable positioning of the head of the occupant in relation to the positioning of his back, regardless of his morphology and / or the activity that he practices. To improve the posture of the occupant it is known in other areas to provide folders comprising a base for receiving the back of the occupant and a support area of the head dissociated from each other, that is, a headrest added to the base of the folder. It is then possible to adjust the position of the support zone by moving more or less the head support of the base. However, the fact of adding an additional piece (the headrest) to the base of the backrest, increases the number of parts to maintain and degrades the visual rendering of a train car interior comprising headrests more or less distant folder. The invention aims to improve the situation. It proposes for this a seat back, including a rail vehicle seat, having a support area of the head of a user, said folder having a fixed height. According to the invention, said folder comprises adjustment means configured to make said support area adjustable in height and / or depth.

In other words, the backrest incorporates an adjustable headrest that forms with it a unique piece. In other words, according to the invention, the backrest and the head support are inseparable from each other. In this way, a user of the seat can adjust in height and / or depth the part of the file against which his head will preferentially come into contact, thus adapting the comfort provided by the file to its morphology and / or its activities, this without changing the visual aspect of the seat. According to one aspect of the invention, the support zone is adjustable by at least 260 mm in height. It is, in particular, adjustable at most 100 mm in depth. According to an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment means comprise sachets arranged to be inflated and / or deflated so as to ensure the adjustment in height and / or depth of said support zone. Advantageously, the bags are arranged one above the other according to the height of the file. The adjustment means comprise, in particular, at least three bags and for example four bags.

According to one aspect of the invention, the backrest comprises means for actuating the adjustment means, said actuating means being pneumatic. Said actuating means are suitable, for example, for inflating and / or deflating said bags. According to an exemplary embodiment, the actuating means are configured to act on the adjustment means in order to move the support area in height and / or depth in response to a command of an interface proposing either a movement upward or downward movement of the support area. The control interface of the positioning of the support zone is thus chosen as simple since it proposes only two commands, upwards and downwards, which make it possible both to adjust the support zone in height, that is to say to say up and down, and in depth, that is to say perpendicular to the folder. According to another aspect of the invention, the actuating means are configured to inflate and / or deflate at least one of the bags in response to the activation of the control interface so that at least one depth difference between two adjacent pouches is less than a difference in depth between a state of maximum swelling and a deflated state of the sachets. According to another aspect of the invention the actuating means are configured to maintain one of the bags in an intermediate state of partial swelling between at least one deflated state and a maximum swelling state in response to activation of the control interface during swelling and / or deflation of the neighboring bag.

According to an exemplary embodiment, each bag extends laterally over a width of the support zone. Advantageously, each bag has an adjustable depth of 0 mm in a deflated state to not more than 100 mm in a state of maximum swelling. Each bag thus makes it possible to vary the depth of the support zone between 0 mm corresponding to a minimum depth and 100 mm equivalent to a maximum depth. Advantageously, each bag has a height, the sum of the heights of each bag being greater than 260 mm. The support area can be moved more than 260 mm in height. The invention also relates to a seat comprising a folder as defined above. According to one aspect of the invention, said seat comprises a seat 15 having a driving capacity e in millimeters, said support area being located at a distance greater than or equal to 600mm + e of the seat according to the height of the backrest. This distance thus allows the support zone to be in a location of the folder allowing the vast majority of users to benefit from a comfortable posture at the level of their head, 20 whatever the activity practiced. The distance to which said support zone is located with respect to the seat is measured in a direction parallel to a direction of extension of the backrest. The invention also relates to a method of adjusting a support zone of a fixed height backrest, said support zone being intended to receive the head of a user, said backrest comprising inflatable bags located at one above others. According to the invention: - a displacement control of the support zone is detected towards a high direction or towards a low direction 30 - one inflates and / or deflates at least one of the bags in response to the direction of said displacement control .

According to one aspect of the invention, at least one of the bags is inflated and / or deflated in response to the direction of the displacement control so that at least one difference in depth between two adjacent bags is less than a difference of depth between a state of maximum swelling and a deflated state of the sachets. The appended figures will make it clear how the invention can be realized. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements.

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle seat, according to the invention, and a mannequin of a seat user, seen in profile, that is to say in the sagittal plane.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the seat of Figure 1 front view. FIGS. 3a to 3g schematically represent means for actuating means for adjusting the position of a support zone of the head of the occupant and the support zone, in different positions, in a plane perpendicular to the width from the headquarters. The invention relates to a seat 1 of a vehicle, in particular a railway vehicle, as shown in FIG. 1. Such a seat 1 comprises a backrest 2 and a seat 3 having here a seat nose 5 located at its free end. . Said seat 1 may be provided, in particular, with armrests. The backrest 2 of the seat 1 is of fixed height type, that is to say that the distance between the seat 3 and an upper end 6 of the backrest 2 is fixed. The backrest 2 comprises a support zone 10 of the head of a user 7 of the seat. This support zone 10 is the place where the head of the user 7 is brought to preferentially come into contact. It forms an integral part of the file 2, that is to say that it is inseparable from the file 2, forming with it a unitary piece. According to the invention, the backrest 2 comprises adjustment means 11, located at the level of the backrest area intended to support the user's head. The adjustment means 11 are configured to make the position of the support zone 10 adjustable in height H and / or in depth P. The height H of the support zone 10 is measured here parallel to a height of the backrest 2, c that is to say in a direction substantially parallel to the backrest 2, and the depth P perpendicularly to the backrest 2. The support zone 10 against which the head of the occupant 7 of the seat 1 rests can thus vary in height H and / or in depth P as a function, for example, of the morphology of the user 7 and / or the activity that he practices. The support zone 10 is, for example, adjustable at least 260 mm in height and, in particular, at most 100 mm in depth. The user of the seat 1 can thus adjust the area of the backrest 2 which will come preferentially in contact with his head on ranges of at least 260 mm in height and at most 100 mm in depth.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the adjustment means 11 comprise, for example, bags 12 arranged to be inflated and / or deflated. It is at the level of the bags 12 that the support zone 10 is located and it is by inflating and / or deflating that the support zone 10 will move and be adjusted in height and / or depth. The adjustment means 11 comprise, for example, at least three bags 12, arranged, in particular, one above the other with respect to the height of the backrest 2. The bags 12, have a height h parallel to the height H of the support zone and a depth p parallel to the depth P of the support zone. It is in fact the sum of the heights h of each bag 12 which defines the area within which the position of the support zone 2 can vary in height. The sum of the heights h of each bag is then greater than or equal to 260 mm. In the example illustrated in Figures 3a to 3g where the backrest 2 comprises three bags 12, each bag has, in particular, a height h greater than or equal to 86.6 mm. In the same way, it is the depth p of each bag 12 which defines the area within which the support zone can vary in depth. The depth p of each bag 12 is then between 0 mm and 100 mm. As shown in FIG. 2, the bags 12 extend laterally along a width I of the backrest 2, that is to say they extend between a first lateral end 14 of the backrest 2 located on the left at the FIG. 2 and a second lateral end 15 located on the right in FIG. 2. The pouches 12 are, for example, of parallelepipedal shape, or in particular of semi-cylindrical shape, in the inflated state. The seat 3 of the seat 1 has a driving capacity e under load. In other words, when a user occupies the seat 1, the seat 3 20 sinks under the weight of the user and in a direction parallel to the height of the backrest 2 by a distance e, counted in millimeters, for example between 0 and 50 mm. The positioning of the area of the backrest within which the support zone 10 is located, that is to say the zone where the bags 12 are placed, must take into account this depression e in order to correspond to the The vast majority of the users of the seat 1. In a particularly advantageous manner, the support zone 10 is at a distance greater than the value D + e, in mm, of the seat 3, this distance being measured parallel to the height of the seat and D being, for example, equal to 600 mm. Thus, the support zone 10 is adjustable in an area ranging from 600 mm + e to at least 860 mm + e of the seat 3, for a depth ranging from 0 to 100 mm and according to the entire width I of the backrest. 2.

As shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3a to 3g, the backrest comprises actuating means 20 for adjusting means. It is the actuating means 20 which are configured to act on the adjustment means in order to move the support zone 10 in height and / or depth. Such actuating means 20 here comprise an interface 21, for example a switch, with which the user of the seat can interact. The interface 21 here proposes either an upward movement or a downward movement of the support zone 10, that is to say that the interface 21 is arranged to receive either an upward direction command or downward direction control, allowing, in particular by pressing the switch to move the support zone 10 in height and / or depth. Indeed, the interface 21 is, for example, connected to a processing unit 22, analyzing a signal transmitted by the interface and controlling a compressor 23. The compressor 23 can then transmit compressed air to a distributor 25 connected to each bag 12 via conduits 26. In other words, each bag 12 has a conduit 26 which links it to the distributor 25. Thus, depending on the command received by the interface 21, the distributor 25 can inflate and / or deflate each bag 12 separately or simultaneously, i.e., independently or dependent. Said means are, for example, hidden in the seat and / or backrest. FIGS. 3a to 3g also serve to illustrate the fact that the invention also relates to a method of adjusting the support zone 10. According to the invention: the displacement control of the support zone is detected towards the direction upwards or downwards - at least one of the bags 12 is inflated and / or deflated in response to the direction of said displacement control 31, 33.

This method will now be detailed using the positioning examples of the support zone 10 illustrated in FIGS. 3a to 3g, examples in which the adjustment means comprise three bags 12.

Starting, for example, from an initial state shown in FIG. 3a in which all the bags 12 are in a deflated state A, a seat user makes an upward steering command represented by the arrow 31. This control Upward direction allows the user to direct the support area 10 up and / or down. Once activated, the dispenser then begins, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, to supply compressed air to the sachet 12 located at the lowest level, that is to say to the bag 12 closest to the seat, said first bag. The first bag inflates then. Thus, the depth p of the first bag and the depth P of the support zone 10 are adjusted from a depth P equal to 0 mm to a depth P of between 0 mm and 100 mm. When the first bag reaches an intermediate state B corresponding to a partial swelling of the bag, for example an intermediate state B in which the bag has a depth between the minimum depth and the maximum depth and especially in the middle of the two, that is, that is to say here an intermediate depth of 50 mm, the bag, said second bag, located just above the first bag, that is to say the bag adjacent to the first bag, begins to inflate as shown in Figure 3c . During this step, the inflation of the sachets is proportional to the activation time of the interface.

By maintaining the directional control towards the top of the interface 21, the first sachet is inflated to its maximum inflation state C, that is to say here until the moment when the first sachet reaches a depth p equal to at 100 mm and the second bag to its intermediate state B, that is to say a state in which its depth p is substantially equal to 50 mm. The first bag then changed from an intermediate state B corresponding to a depth p of 50 mm to a state of maximum swelling C corresponding to a depth p of 100 mm while the second bag passed from a deflated state A corresponding to a depth p from 0 mm to an intermediate state B corresponding to a depth p of 50 mm. During this step, the inflation of the sachets is proportional to the activation time of the interface.

Continuing to keep the upward control activated, the first bag begins to deflate from its maximum inflation state C to its deflated state A while the second bag remains in its intermediate state B as shown in FIGS. and 3rd. In other words, during this step, the deflation of the first bag is proportional to the activation time of the interface while the state of the second bag remains constant. The depth P of the support zone 10 can then decrease before stabilizing when the depth p of the first bag becomes less than the depth p of the second bag. At the moment when the depth P of the support zone 10 is stabilized, the height H of the support zone increases since it is no longer at the level of the first bag but at the level of the second bag, located above the first bag. In other words, the actuating means 20 are configured to maintain one of the bags 12 in an intermediate state B of partial swelling between at least one deflated state A and a maximum swelling state C in response to the activation of the 21 control interface during swelling and / or deflation of the neighboring bag. Still continuing to maintain the upward control activated, and as shown in Figure 3f, a third bag, adjacent to the second and located just above it begins to inflate as the second bag starts again. inflate. The third bag then passes from its deflated state A to its intermediate state B while the second bag passes from its intermediate state B to its maximum inflation state C. During this step, the inflation of the sachets 12 is proportional to the activation time of the interface.

Keeping the steering control active up, we finally arrive at an upper position, illustrated in Figure 3g in which the third bag is in its maximum inflation state C while the second bag has returned to its intermediate state B.

To move from the state shown in FIG. 3f to that represented in FIG. 3g, the second bag passes from its maximum swelling state C to its intermediate state B simultaneously or before the third bag starts to pass from its second state. intermediate state B to its maximum inflation state C. While maintaining the high control of the interface 21, it is thus possible to inflate and deflate the adjacent sachets 12 in order to adjust the depth P and / or the height H of the support zone 10 to position it at a location that corresponds to the morphology and activity of the occupant of the seat. All bags 12 thus have a depth adjustable from 0 mm in a deflated state to 100 mm in a state of maximum inflation. It should be noted that in the case where the steering control is maintained upwards while the maximum inflation state C of the highest packet has already been reached, here the third bag, the support zone 10 no longer moves and all the bags remain in the state in which they are. The interface 21 also proposes a downward direction control (referenced 33 in FIG. 3a) which makes it possible to direct the support zone 10 downwards and / or in depth. The swelling and / or deflation of the sachets is then similar to what happens when the control is directed upwards, but is effected in the other direction, that is to say starting from one of the swelling examples shown in Figures 3b to 3g and going to the swelling example shown in Figure 3a, in the reverse sequence to that described above.

Thus, starting from the state shown in Figure 3g and pressing the direction control downwards, one begins to deflate the third bag. We can then begin to inflate the second bag or wait until the third bag has reached its intermediate state B to do so. The depth p of the second bag will thus exceed that of the third bag so that the place on which the head of the occupant will preferentially come into contact will descend, that is to say that the support zone 10 will be directed down.

By keeping the direction control down further, the bags are continued to inflate and deflate according to the same principle until the first bag reaches its deflated state A, all the other bags being also in their deflated state. .

The operation of the swelling and deflation of the bags is thus the same in response to the upward or downward directed control, only the order in which the bags inflate and deflate changing.

According to the invention, sequences in which one or more of said sachets are inflated and / or deflated in a proportional manner to the activation time of the interface and sequences in which a sachet is kept in the same state are alternated in this way. intermediate swelling B while a neighboring bag is inflated and / or deflated. More generally, it may be a sequence where a bag inflates and / or deflates at a speed different from that of its neighbor. It should be further noted that during swelling and / or deflation of the sachets, there is always at least one difference in depth p between two adjacent sachets 12 less than a difference in depth p between the state of maximum swelling C and In other words, when a bag 12 is in its maximum inflation state C, there is at least one adjacent bag which is not in its deflated state A, that is, say that is partially inflated. This lesser difference between two adjacent bags 12 makes it possible to smooth the contact zone since the support zone situated on the most protruding bag 12 will remain in a certain proximity, at depth, of at least one other of the sachets. direction causing the swelling and / or deflation of the bags 12 operates for example in open loop, that is to say that the swelling and deflation of the bags 12 is controlled only from the steering control. In an alternative embodiment, the steering control causing the swelling and / or deflation of the bags 12 operates in a closed loop. In this case the sachets 12 contain, for example, a pressure sensor, or in particular a control of the volume of air entering or leaving the bag 12 to control the kinematics of the inflation and deflation of the bags 12. This command makes it possible to inflate and / or deflate each bag 12, for example continuously. The actuating means 20 are able to implement the method described above. They are in fact arranged to inflate one of the bags between a deflated state and a maximum inflation state while deflating an adjacent bag, between a maximum inflation state and a deflated state, in response to upward directional control or the bottom of the interface.

Referring again to Figures 3a to 3g, it is found that the folder here comprises a fabric 35 including the bags 12 and intended to be in contact with the head of the user of the seat. Although this is not shown, the backrest according to the invention may comprise a foam between the bags 12 and the fabric 35, in particular to dampen the effect of the swelling / deflation of the bags 12 on the support zone 10. It can thus enlarge the area with which the head of the user is in contact.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the adjustment means 11 comprise sachets and the actuating means are pneumatic, but the invention obviously relates to the cases where the support zone 10 would be mechanically adjustable. Moreover, as already said, the actuating means are, for example, integrated in the folder. They may also, according to a variant of the invention, be deported, in whole or in part, especially at the rest of the seat.

Claims (15)

REVENDICATIONS1. Seat backrest (2) (1), in particular seat (1) of a railway vehicle, having a support zone (10) of the head of a user (7), said backrest (2) having a fixed height, characterized in that said backrest (2) comprises adjustment means (11) configured to make said support zone (10) adjustable in height (H) and / or in depth (P). 2. Backrest (2) according to claim 1, wherein the support area (10) is adjustable at least 260mm in height. 3. Backrest (2) according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the support zone (10) is adjustable at most 100mm in depth. 4. Backrest (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjustment means (11) comprise bags (12) arranged to be inflated and / or deflated so as to ensure the height adjustment (H) and / or in depth (P) of said support zone (10). 5. Backrest (2) according to claim 4, wherein the bags (12) are arranged one above the other depending on the height of the backrest (2). 6. Backrest (2) according to claim 5, wherein the backrest (2) comprises actuating means (20) adjustment means (11), said actuating means (20) being pneumatic. 7. Backrest (2) according to claim 6, wherein the actuating means (20) are configured to act on the adjustment means (11) for the purpose of moving the support area (10) in height (H). and / or in depth (P) in response to a command (31, 33) of an interface (21) providing either upward or downward movement of the support area (10). The backrest (2) according to claim 7, wherein the actuating means (20) is configured to inflate and / or deflate at least one of the bags (12) in response to the activation of the control interface of the so that at least one difference in depth between two adjacent bags is less than a difference in depth between a maximum swelling state (C) and a deflated state (A) of the bags (12). 9. Backrest according to claim 8, wherein the actuating means (20) are configured to maintain one of the bags (12) in an intermediate state (B) of partial inflation between at least the deflated state (A). and the maximum swelling state (C), in response to activation of the control interface, during swelling and / or deflation of the neighboring bag. 10. Backrest (2) according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein each bag (12) has a depth (p) adjustable from 0 mm to at most 100 mm. 11. Backrest (2) according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein each bag (12) has a height (h), the sum of the heights (h) of each bag (12) being greater than 260 mm. 12. Seat (1) comprising a backrest (2) according to any one of the preceding claims. 13. Seat (1) according to claim 12, wherein said seat (1) comprises a seat (3) having a driving capacity e in millimeters, said support area (10) being located at a distance greater than or equal to 600 mm + e seat (3) according to the height of the backrest (2). 30 14. A method of adjusting a support zone (10) of a fixed height backrest (2), said support zone (10) being intended to receive the head of a user (2). (7), said backrest (2) comprising inflatable bags (12) located one above the other, characterized in that: - a control (31, 33) for the displacement of the support zone (10 ) towards a high direction or towards a low direction, at least one of the bags (12) is inflated and / or deflated in response to the direction of said displacement control (31, 33). The method of claim 14, wherein at least one of the sachets (12) is inflated and / or deflated in response to the direction of the displacement control (31, 33) so that at least one difference in depth (p) between two adjacent pouches is less than a difference in depth between a maximum swelling state (C) and a deflated state (A) of the pouches (12). 15 20 2530