FR2979612A1 - Undercarriage for aircraft, has leg connected to structure of aircraft and including lower part on which beam is articulated by pivot, and needle bearings interposed between pivot and beam, where leg is free to rotate on pivot - Google Patents

Undercarriage for aircraft, has leg connected to structure of aircraft and including lower part on which beam is articulated by pivot, and needle bearings interposed between pivot and beam, where leg is free to rotate on pivot Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2979612A1
FR2979612A1 FR1157882A FR1157882A FR2979612A1 FR 2979612 A1 FR2979612 A1 FR 2979612A1 FR 1157882 A FR1157882 A FR 1157882A FR 1157882 A FR1157882 A FR 1157882A FR 2979612 A1 FR2979612 A1 FR 2979612A1
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pivot
leg
aircraft
undercarriage
articulated
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FR1157882A
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French (fr)
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FR2979612B1 (en
Inventor
Francois Jan
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Messier Bugatti Dowty SA
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/34Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface  wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies

Abstract

The undercarriage has a leg connected to a structure of an aircraft and including a lower part (5) on which a beam (3) carrying wheels of the undercarriage is articulated by a pivot (7), which is stopped in rotation on the beam or on the leg. Needle bearings (10a, 10b) are interposed between the pivot and the beam. The leg is free to rotate on the pivot. The bearings are formed as needle bushes whose needles are directly attached to a cylindrical surface opposite to the pivot. Openings (11a, 11b) are placed in the beam.

Description

L'invention concerne un atterrisseur à balancier pour aéronef. ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION On connaît des atterrisseurs comportant une jambe reliée à la structure de l'aéronef, soit de façon rigide, soit de façon escamotable pour pouvoir être repliée en vol. La jambe comporte une extrémité inférieure sur laquelle est articulé un balancier portant les roues, en général par paires. The invention relates to a landing gear for an aircraft. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Landing gears are known having a leg connected to the structure of the aircraft, either rigidly or retractably to be folded in flight. The leg has a lower end on which is articulated a rocker carrying the wheels, usually in pairs.

Un exemple d'un tel atterrisseur es par exemple donné par l'atterrisseur principal de l'AIRBUS A340 qui porte quatre roues, ou encore par l'atterrisseur principal du BOEING 777 qui porte six roues. Le balancier est articulé à la partie inférieure de la jambe au moyen d'un pivot (qui peut également s'étendre au-delà du balancier pour former un essieu, comme dans le cas de l'atterrisseur du BOEING 777). A cet effet, la partie inférieure de l'atterrisseur est généralement conformée en fourche entre les bras de laquelle s'étend le balancier. Le pivot articule le balancier à la fourche et permet la libre rotation du balancier selon un axe confondu avec un axe longitudinal du pivot. En général le balancier présente deux paliers encadrés par les paliers formés par les bras de la fourche. Le pivot est en général arrêté en rotation sur la fourche ou sur le balancier en étant broché sur l'élément concerné. Le pivot est très sollicité lorsque l'aéronef est au sol. Typiquement, pour un aéronef comportant deux atterrisseurs principaux et un atterrisseur auxiliaire, chaque atterrisseur principal supporte de 40% à quasiment 50% du poids de l'aéronef, en fonction du centrage de celui-ci. Dans un atterrisseur de type direct, c'est-à-dire dont la jambe forme l'amortisseur et présente une partie inférieure coulissante, le pivot subit directement la portion du poids supportée par l'atterrisseur. En outre, le pivot est soumis à chaque atterrissage et à chaque décollage à une rotation sous charge du balancier par rapport à la jambe de l'atterrisseur du fait du changement d'assiette de l'aéronef, sans compter les oscillations angulaires sous charge du balancier lors des phases de roulage de l'aéronef. Ces sollicitations mettent à l'épreuve l'articulation formée par le pivot avec le balancier, le pivot étant en général immobilisé en rotation vis-à-vis de la jambe. Cette articulation est soumise à d'intenses frottements sous charge. Il est courant d'interposer des pièces de friction entre le pivot et le balancier, par exemple des bagues en bronze fritté, en retenant des dimensions (diamètre du pivot, largeur des bagues) permettant de minimiser la pression locale de frottement, et de prévoir une lubrification adéquate, par exemple par graissage à intervalles périodiques. Cependant, lors de l'utilisation répétée de l'aéronef sur des terrains non préparés ou dégradées, les oscillations répétées du balancier finissent par mettre à l'épreuve une telle articulation, qui risque de subir une usure prématurée. Il a été proposé dans le document EP1288512 d'utiliser des bagues formant des réserves de graisse associées à des matériaux de surface autolubrifiants pour équiper une telle articulation. Cependant, ces paliers continuent à subir des frottements sous charge intenses. OBJET DE L'INVENTION L'invention a pour objet de proposer une liaison entre un balancier et la jambe de l'atterrisseur minimisant le risque d'usure prématurée, en particulier 35 lors de l'utilisation répétée de l'aéronef sur des terrains dégradés ou mal préparés. BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTION En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose un atterrisseur d'aéronef comportant une jambe reliée à la structure de l'aéronef et ayant une partie inférieure sur laquelle un balancier portant la ou les roues de l'atterrisseur est articulé au moyen d'un pivot qui est arrêté en rotation sur le balancier ou sur la jambe. Selon l'invention, des paliers à aiguilles sont interposés entre le pivot et celui du balancier ou de la jambe qui est libre en rotation sur le pivot. L'utilisation d'un palier à aiguilles permet de diminuer le risque de détérioration de l'articulation du fait des charges intenses et des mouvements de rotations subis par l'articulation. Les aiguilles pourront être montées directement entre le pivot et la jambe ou le balancier, si les surfaces en regard permettent de supporter les matages et contraintes de roulement induites par les aiguilles. An example of such a landing gear is for example given by the main landing gear of the AIRBUS A340 which carries four wheels, or by the main landing gear of BOEING 777 which carries six wheels. The balance is articulated to the lower leg by means of a pivot (which can also extend beyond the balance to form an axle, as in the case of the lander BOEING 777). For this purpose, the lower part of the undercarriage is generally shaped fork between the arms of which extends the beam. The pivot articulates the balance at the fork and allows the free rotation of the balance according to an axis coincides with a longitudinal axis of the pivot. In general the balance has two bearings framed by the bearings formed by the arms of the fork. The pivot is generally stopped in rotation on the fork or on the balance being broached on the element concerned. The pivot is very stressed when the aircraft is on the ground. Typically, for an aircraft comprising two main landing gear and an undercarriage, each main undercarriage supports from 40% to almost 50% of the weight of the aircraft, depending on the centering of the latter. In a landing gear type direct, that is to say, the leg forms the damper and has a lower sliding portion, the pivot directly undergone the portion of the weight supported by the undercarriage. In addition, the pivot is subject to each landing and at each takeoff rotation under load of the balance relative to the leg of the undercarriage due to the change of attitude of the aircraft, not to mention the angular oscillations under load. pendulum during the taxiing phases of the aircraft. These stresses test the articulation formed by the pivot with the balance, the pivot being generally immobilized in rotation vis-à-vis the leg. This joint is subjected to intense friction under load. It is common to interpose friction pieces between the pivot and the balance, for example sintered bronze rings, retaining dimensions (diameter of the pivot, width of the rings) to minimize the local friction pressure, and to provide adequate lubrication, for example by lubrication at periodic intervals. However, during the repeated use of the aircraft on unprepared or degraded terrain, repeated oscillations of the pendulum end up testing such a joint, which is likely to undergo premature wear. It has been proposed in EP1288512 to use grease-forming rings associated with self-lubricating surface materials to equip such a joint. However, these bearings continue to undergo intense friction under load. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to propose a connection between a rocker arm and the landing gear leg, minimizing the risk of premature wear, in particular during the repeated use of the aircraft on degraded terrain. or poorly prepared. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With a view to achieving this goal, an aircraft landing gear having a leg connected to the structure of the aircraft and having a lower part on which a rocker carrying the wheel or wheels of the aircraft is proposed. landing gear is articulated by means of a pivot which is stopped in rotation on the balance or on the leg. According to the invention, needle bearings are interposed between the pivot and that of the rocker or the leg which is free to rotate on the pivot. The use of a needle bearing reduces the risk of damage to the joint due to intense loads and rotational movements suffered by the joint. The needles can be mounted directly between the pivot and the leg or the balance, if the facing surfaces can withstand the matings and rolling stresses induced by the needles.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit d'un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, en référence aux figures des dessins annexés, parmi lesquelles : - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective partielle d'un atterrisseur principal de type à balancier ; - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe de l'articulation du balancier sur la jambe selon le plan P de la figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures of the attached drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view a wheel type main landing gear; - Figure 2 is a sectional view of the articulation of the balance on the leg according to the plane P of Figure 1.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE PARTICULIER DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION Les figures illustrent un atterrisseur principal d'aéronef comportant une jambe 1 articulée sur la structure de la voilure de l'aéronef pour être mobile 35 entre une position déployée, illustrée ici, et une position rétractée dans laquelle l'atterrisseur est stockée en soute pour diminuer la traînée aérodynamique de l'aéronef en vol. La jambe 1 est de type direct et intègre un amortisseur ayant une partie télescopique ou tige 2 formant la partie inférieure de la jambe et à l'extrémité de laquelle est articulé un balancier 3 portant ici quatre roues 4 montées par paires sur deux essieux. Comme cela est visible à la figure 2, la tige 2 a une partie inférieure en forme de fourche 5 avec deux bras 5a et 5b s'étendant de part et d'autre du balancier, et définissant deux paliers 6a et 6b recevant un pivot 7, avec interposition de bagues 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, par exemple en bronze fritté. Le pivot 7 est ici arrêté en rotation vis-à-vis de la tige, par des moyens d'arrêt non représentés (par exemple une broche, ou des doigts d'indexage). Le pivot 7 s'étend entre les bras 5a, 5b au travers du balancier 3. Le balancier 3 est conformé pour présenter deux alésages 9a, 9b qui reçoivent selon l'invention des douilles à aiguilles 10a, 10b, constituées chacun d'une bague externe et d'un ensemble d'aiguilles maintenues parallèles entre elles par une cage. Les aiguilles portent ici directement sur une surface cylindrique circulaire en regard du pivot 7. De préférence, ladite surface est soumise à un traitement de surface permettant son durcissement. Des orifices 11a, 11b sont prévus dans le balancier 3 pour y implanter des graisseurs afin d'amener 30 périodiquement de la graisse dans les douilles à aiguilles 10a, 10b. L'exemple de réalisation décrit ici est particulièrement adapté à un atterrisseur dont le pivot 7 est en acier à haute résistance, tandis que le balancier 35 3 est en alliage de titane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The figures illustrate an aircraft landing gear comprising a leg 1 hinged to the aircraft wing structure to be movable between an extended position, illustrated here, and a retracted position in which the undercarriage is stored in the hold to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft in flight. The leg 1 is of the direct type and incorporates a damper having a telescopic portion or rod 2 forming the lower part of the leg and at the end of which is articulated a rocker 3 bearing here four wheels 4 mounted in pairs on two axles. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the rod 2 has a fork-shaped lower portion 5 with two arms 5a and 5b extending on either side of the rocker arm, and defining two bearings 6a and 6b receiving a pivot 7 , with the interposition of rings 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, for example sintered bronze. The pivot 7 is here stopped in rotation vis-à-vis the rod by means not shown stop (for example a pin, or indexing fingers). The pivot 7 extends between the arms 5a, 5b through the rocker 3. The rocker 3 is shaped to present two bores 9a, 9b which receive according to the invention needle bushes 10a, 10b, each consisting of a ring external and a set of needles held parallel to each other by a cage. The needles here bear directly on a circular cylindrical surface facing the pivot 7. Preferably, said surface is subjected to a surface treatment allowing its hardening. Orifices 11a, 11b are provided in the rocker 3 to implant grease nipples in order to periodically bring grease into the needle bushes 10a, 10b. The embodiment described here is particularly suitable for an undercarriage with the pivot 7 is made of high-strength steel, while the balance 35 3 is made of titanium alloy.

L'invention n'est bien sûr pas limitée au mode particulier de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit. En particulier, on pourra utiliser d'autres types de paliers à aiguilles que des douilles, par exemple des roulements à aiguilles, ou de simples cages à aiguilles, sans bague externe ni bague interne. Le pivot pourra s'étendre au-delà du balancier pour former un essieu apte à recevoir des roues de part et d'autre du balancier. The invention is of course not limited to the particular embodiment which has just been described. In particular, it is possible to use other types of needle bearings than sockets, for example needle bearings, or simple needle cages, without outer ring or inner ring. The pivot may extend beyond the beam to form an axle adapted to receive wheels on either side of the balance.

Par ailleurs, l'invention s'applique également à un atterrisseur à balancier dont l'amortisseur n'est pas intégré dans la jambe, mais s'étend entre un caisson de celle-ci et le balancier. En outre, si le pivot est immobilisé en rotation sur le balancier, on placera les paliers à aiguilles au niveau des bras de la fourche de la partie inférieure de la jambe. Furthermore, the invention also applies to a balance wheel lander whose damper is not integrated in the leg, but extends between a box thereof and the balance. In addition, if the pivot is immobilized in rotation on the balance, the needle bearings will be placed at the arms of the fork of the lower leg.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS1. Atterrisseur d'aéronef comportant une jambe (1) reliée à la structure de l'aéronef et ayant une partie inférieure (5) sur laquelle un balancier (3) portant la ou les roues de l'atterrisseur est articulé au moyen d'un pivot (7) qui est arrêté en rotation sur le balancier ou sur la jambe, caractérisé en ce que des paliers à aiguilles (10a,10b) sont interposés entre le de la jambe qui est libre pivot et celui du balancier ou en rotation sur le pivot. REVENDICATIONS1. An aircraft landing gear comprising a leg (1) connected to the structure of the aircraft and having a lower part (5) on which a rocker (3) carrying the wheel or wheels of the undercarriage is articulated by means of a pivot (7) which is stopped in rotation on the rocker arm or on the leg, characterized in that needle bearings (10a, 10b) are interposed between the leg which is free pivot and that of the balance or in rotation on the pivot . 2. Atterrisseur d'aéronef selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les paliers à aiguilles sont des douilles à aiguilles dont les aiguilles portent directement sur une surface cylindrique circulaire en regard du pivot. 2. An aircraft landing gear according to claim 1, wherein the needle bearings are needle bearings whose needles bear directly on a circular cylindrical surface facing the pivot.
FR1157882A 2011-09-06 2011-09-06 WING BALANCER FOR AIRCRAFT Active FR2979612B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3375708A1 (en) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-19 Safran Landing Systems UK Limited Aircraft landing gear assembly
US11441603B2 (en) * 2019-02-21 2022-09-13 Safran Landing Systems Uk Ltd Bearing arrangement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938684A (en) * 1956-07-03 1960-05-31 Dowty Equipment Ltd Aircraft retractable undercarriage
FR2524860A1 (en) * 1982-04-13 1983-10-14 Messier Hispano Sa Under carriage for helicopter - comprises damper extending between undercarriage leg and coupling arm
EP1288512A2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-05 The Boeing Company Truck pivot joint bearing and method of lubricating

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938684A (en) * 1956-07-03 1960-05-31 Dowty Equipment Ltd Aircraft retractable undercarriage
FR2524860A1 (en) * 1982-04-13 1983-10-14 Messier Hispano Sa Under carriage for helicopter - comprises damper extending between undercarriage leg and coupling arm
EP1288512A2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-05 The Boeing Company Truck pivot joint bearing and method of lubricating

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3375708A1 (en) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-19 Safran Landing Systems UK Limited Aircraft landing gear assembly
US10946952B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2021-03-16 Safran Landing Systems Uk Ltd Aircraft landing gear assembly
US11441603B2 (en) * 2019-02-21 2022-09-13 Safran Landing Systems Uk Ltd Bearing arrangement

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