FR2974017A1 - COMBINED PRODUCT PROCESSING INSTALLATION BY MILLING, CUTTING OR COMPACTING - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is a combined plant for treating products by grinding, shredding or compacting, consisting essentially of a rotor mill (1), by a feed means (2) for said mill (1), of which longitudinal axis is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the mill (1), by at least one peripheral means (3) for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill or subsequent treatment of the ground products, by a device (4) driving the mill rotor (1), comprising a transmission means (5) and at least one drive motor (6), and at least one energy distribution means (7) to the one or more peripheral means (3) of preliminary treatment of the products entering the mill (1) or subsequent treatment of the crushed products, and a single frame (8) for mounting the entire plant. The invention is more particularly applicable in the field of the treatment of materials of all origins, in particular by shredding using crushers or hammer mills, or the like.

Description

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to the field of the treatment of materials of all origins, in particular by shredding using crushers or hammer mills, or the like, and relates to a combined plant for treating products by grinding, shredding or compaction. The recovery of metal products from spent objects, especially motor vehicles, by crushers or grinders, is generally carried out by introducing the objects into a hammer mill, via a introduction ramp equipped with a crushing drum. The mill shreds and shreds the material entering, by interaction with one or more anvils, and ejects and / or discharges through screen walls mechanical waste obtained having a given size. This waste is then treated for disposal of unsuitable materials for reuse and sorting of the remaining materials according to their metallurgical characteristics. Hammer mills known to date, whose hammers are generally mounted on a rotor constituted by a disk assembly and are eclipsable in the rotor generally allow a correct grinding of the products to a predetermined density.

However, these known mills are often in the form of large units, capable of achieving a very high daily output and are only suitable for treatment centers sized accordingly. As a result, in order to make facilities of this size profitable, these must necessarily be reduced in number to cover a large supply area. However, even if the size of such grinding plants makes it possible to reduce their number, it necessarily requires relatively large transport paths to bring products to grinding at these facilities.

Moreover, the existing grinding plants are extremely energy-intensive, since the driving of the grinding rotors requires engines of very high power. Indeed, because the rotors are large and extend over the entire width of the feed troughs, these rotors tend to pull the material to grind -2 so that there is a risk of jamming resulting in a significant demand for instantaneous power. It has also been proposed, in order to reduce the bulk, to produce vertical mills, in which the rotor is disposed vertically in a grinding chamber, which is fed from above. However, in such grinders, the aforementioned disadvantages remain, because the control of the power supply can not be ensured, and that results in very high instantaneous power peaks. Moreover, in the case of the treatment of long-term waste, it presents itself, with these mills, even if they are very high capacity and power, a risk of jamming due to the drive effect of their own and that said products are monolithic, such as, for example, large bars or plates. To treat the products of great length and width, it is thus necessary to install grinders with very long rotors. An alternative is to perform a pretreatment of such products, in order to make possible a more regular feeding and without risk of jamming grinders. Such pre-treatment is carried out in plants downstream of the grinding site, the products being first precut and then transported to said grinding site. This results in the implementation of complex and expensive means, as well as a large size of the installation, which may be incompatible with decentralized processing of smaller volume. It has also been proposed to use pre-shredders or pre-shredders which allow a dimensional reduction and a fractionation of objects and very bulky materials, in order to increase the density for transport, storage, or their burial, or their treatment in crushers, crushers or granulators of smaller size and whose feed opening is of smaller section. The pre-shredders or pre-shredders existing to date are, however, also large size and high power, generally consisting of one or more rotors slow rotation, rotating in the same direction or opposite direction.

These rotors shred the material under the interaction of the tools equipping them and the speed of rotation of the rotors may be identical or different from one rotor to another. The shafts of these rotors are driven by electric or hydraulic motors, either directly or via gearboxes. In addition, the shredding tools are mounted, usually by welding, on the drive shaft of large section and are not interchangeable. The drive of these shafts, which are mounted at their ends in rolling bearings of large section, which are supported on the side walls of the shredder, is performed by reducing and motor assemblies, which are laterally fixed on both sides. other crankcase of these machines or their feed chute.

The mounting of these large equipment, namely gearboxes and motors, outside these machines results in a large bulk of them, incompatible with a low capacity processing facility, which must, in essence, be mobile for possible use on different sites.

In addition, the engines used are most often hydraulic motors, which are slow, very heavy and mounted freely on the ends of the shafts, or electric or hydraulic motors connected to said shafts via conventional reducers or epicyclic reducers and, in all cases, the drive shafts must be maintained by bearings provided with rings or bearing, the drive or transmission members not being bearing and bearing on the ends of these shafts or being fixed on a frame or walls of the machine. The loading of these hammer mills or crushers is generally carried out by means of a feed device in the form of a chute or inclination ramp inclined towards the feed opening of the crusher or crusher, shredder or the like. These devices, in the form of known ramps or chutes, make it possible to respond adequately to the problem of correct feeding of crushers, crushers, shredders or the like. However, they are usually arranged at a high height, namely at the feed opening, corresponding substantially to the top of the crusher or crusher and therefore several meters from the ground, so that their loading is relatively unclear and requires the implementation of heavy and expensive handling means. -4- Some crushers or crushers are equipped with ramps or mobile chutes allowing, certainly, easier loading, because they are in the horizontal. However, these ramps or chutes remain at a level very clearly above the ground, thus preventing any use of current equipment. In addition, these known mills are generally in the form of units of greater or lesser size, depending on their daily efficiency and have a drive device of the rotor in direct contact with the latter or via a set transmission with pulleys and belts or gears and chains, single speed or variable frequency, possibly with the interposition of a hydraulic coupler to promote starting and to protect the mechanical and electrical parts in case of overload or blockage. It has been proposed to carry out the rotor drive by means of slow hydraulic motors in direct contact with the rotor shaft or by fast hydraulic motors coupled to said rotor shaft via planetary gearboxes. Such devices are, however, adapted only to limited powers. In addition, the extraction of the rotor for maintenance work is extremely difficult or impossible without disassembly of a large part of the machine and implementation of a high-power lifting device such as a crane This entails, on the one hand, the additional disadvantage of having to have a sufficiently large ground space and, on the other hand, very high corresponding intervention costs. Finally, during grinding, inert waste, which consists of synthetic products, rags, glass, wood ... are often mixed and entangled with ferrous and non-ferrous metals after their ejection and the different products. 'hang each other making their separation difficult. The sorting of the products is generally carried out by means of vibrating screens or cascade devices, which deliver only calibrated products without taking into account their constitution, namely synthetic products and other inert and ferrous or non-ferrous metals. To these devices are associated magnetic drums or magnetic mats extending parallel above conveyor belts, as well as possibly ventilation and suction means. These known sorting devices generally make it possible to satisfactorily meet all the needs in the field. However, they are of very complex and cumbersome construction and very high cost, often incompatible with the implementation of processing units of smaller size and lower power. In addition, the envelopes of the magnetic drums are very thin and therefore very sensitive to shocks and the magnetic separation mats are often subject to tearing. The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a combined plant for processing products by grinding, shredding or compaction, allowing a complete treatment of out-of-use products, that is to say their complete reduction in shredding and selective sorting of these in a single site and without intermediate transport, in a small footprint, with a reduced energy expenditure and without the need for additional transport. For this purpose, the combined plant for treating products by grinding, shredding or compaction is essentially constituted by a rotor mill, by a feed means of said mill, the longitudinal axis of which is in the plane of the mill. longitudinal axis of the mill, by at least one peripheral means of pre-treatment of the products entering the mill and / or by at least one peripheral means for subsequent treatment of the ground products and by a drive device of the rotor of the mill. The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which: FIG. a perspective view of an installation according to the invention; Figure 2 is a side elevational and sectional view, on a larger scale, of the mill of the plant with the rotor drive device and the transmission means; Figure 3 is a sectional view, on a larger scale, of the transmission means; Figure 4 is a side elevational view of a mill provided with a rotor extraction device in the operating position of the rotor, the grinding chamber being open; - E - Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 showing the extracted rotor in the maintenance position; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the mill equipped with a peripheral means for pre-treatment of the products in the form of a compacting device and prior shearing; Figure 7 is a front elevation and sectional to the right of a shear, another embodiment of the device according to Figure 6; Figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 7 showing the mill in the open position; Figure 9 is a perspective view of a peripheral means of pre-treatment of the products in the form of a pre-grinder or pre-shredder; Fig. 10 is a partial plan and sectional view showing a first embodiment of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder; Figure 11 is a view similar to that of Figure 10 of an alternative embodiment of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder; Figures 12 and 13 are views similar to those of Figures 10 and 11 other embodiments of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder according to the invention; Figure 14 is a side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder according to Figure 9; Figure 15 is a view similar to that of Figure 14 of another alternative embodiment of the invention; Fig. 16 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a mobile power supply means; Figure 17 is a schematic side elevational view showing an alternative embodiment of the connection between the side arms 30 and the bucket; Figure 18 is a view similar to that of Figure 17 of another variant of the connection between the side arms and the bucket, and Figure 19 is a schematic elevational view in section of a mill equipped with a peripheral means for further processing the crushed products in the form of a sorting device. FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows, by way of example, a combined plant for treating products by grinding, shredding or compacting, which essentially consists of a rotor mill 1, by means of supply 2 of said mill 1, whose longitudinal axis is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the mill 1, by at least one peripheral means 3 for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill and / or by at least one peripheral means for subsequent treatment of the crushed products and by a device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1. The feed means 2 can be of any type, namely chute, bucket, belt, hopper. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, two variants are represented, namely a chute 2 'and a bucket 2 ".The device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1 comprises a transmission means 5 and at least one motor drive 6, as well as at least one energy distribution means 7. This means 7 is advantageously connected to peripheral means 3 for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill 1 or to further processing means of the ground products. Finally, the entire installation can be mounted on a single mounting frame 8. As shown in FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings, the transmission means 5 of the rotor rotor drive device 4 of the mill 1, which is connected at least one drive motor 6, is in the form of a gearbox comprising a ring gear 9 in direct contact with the rotor shaft of the mill 1, the drive motor or motors 6 being fixed on the box speed and e n taken with the ring gear 9 via corresponding drive gears 10, said transmission means 5 being further provided with one or more orifices 11, 11 'for access to its internal space in view of the attachment of one or more auxiliary hydraulic pumps forming a power distribution means 7 (Figure 2), these hydraulic pumps being each provided with a drive pinion meshing with the toothed gear of the gearbox , or being in direct contact each with a drive motor 6, or shafts opening out of the means 5, for the drive connection of such hydraulic pumps. The orifices 11 'for accessing the internal space of the gearbox forming the transmission means 5 are thus advantageously coaxial with the axis of a driving motor 6 and the pumps forming a distribution means of energy 7, which they are provided, can then be in direct contact with said drive axis of the corresponding motor. As shown in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings, the transmission means 5 of the device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1 is advantageously provided with a longitudinal passage 5 ', parallel to its longitudinal axis and to the axis of the rotor of the mill 1, this passage being in the extension of a support axis of the hammers of said rotor and being intended for the passage of an extractor of such an axis. Thus, it is possible to dismantle the hammers of the rotor without the use of a complex handling device, by arranging the extraction means on the drive side, that is to say the motors 6. Drive motors 6 are advantageously hydraulic or electric motors, with a single or reversible direction of rotation, or even thermal engines. However, in the case of realization of a mobile installation, these engines can also be heat engines. In the case of implementation of electric or hydraulic motors, these have the advantage of allowing a continuous variation of the power according to the needs, by implementation of an electric variator in relation with the electric motors or by acting on the supply pressure, if hydraulic motors are used, the latter also making it possible to absorb shocks in the event of overload or blockage without the need for intermediate hydraulic couplers. In the case of implementation of electric motors 6, the drive gear 10 of each motor is advantageously connected to the drive shaft of the latter via a ball coupler 12 (FIG. 3) or a hydraulic coupler. A ball coupler is intended to ensure, as a hydraulic coupler, shock absorption in case of overload or blockage and thus prevent any risk of damage to the drive electric motor. Moreover, in the context of the use of such electric motors, they may be equipped with electronic starting variators not only to vary the speed of rotation of the mill, but also to increase the torque of about 1.5 times its nominal value, in case of occasional need for additional power. The openings 11 or 11 'for accessing the interior space of the transmission means 5, for fixing one or more auxiliary hydraulic pumps driven by the ring gear 9 of the gearbox, or directly by the motors 6, make it possible to drive ancillary devices, such as the peripheral means 3, from a single power source supplying the motor or motors 6, by means of independent motors in drive connection with these peripheral means 3, by means of hydraulic pumps, forming energy distribution means 7, themselves driven by the ring gear 9 of the gearbox or directly by the motors 6 in direct contact with these hydraulic pumps. As a result, the driving power of the rotor of the mill 1 can be modulated according to the load undergone by the latter. Thus, in the case of normal operation, a portion of the power supplied to the ring gear 9 of the gearbox can be transmitted to the hydraulic pump (s) supplying the drive motors of the peripheral means 3.

When an overload occurs on the rotor of the mill 1, said hydraulic pumps can be slowed down, disconnected or short-circuited from the motors which they drive, so that maximum power or all the power supplied by the or the motors 6 becomes available for rotor drive.

To achieve the control of the distribution of the power available according to the load of the rotor, the device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1 is advantageously provided with an automatic control installation managed by a control software. Such installations are of a type known to those skilled in the art and do not require a detailed additional description. It is thus possible to operate simultaneously several machines, for example a mill and a peripheral means 3. In fact, this control takes into consideration all the operating parameters, to permanently deliver correction signals of the operating modes of the machines of the machine. the installation and optimum use of the installed powers is carried out almost permanently, so that the efficiency of the installation can be very close to the maximum capacities of the latter. Moreover, in case of implementation of electric drive motors 6, the power consumption can be kept very linear, so that peaks of high intensities are avoided. The transmission means 5 may furthermore be provided with a low power hydraulic or electric auxiliary motor meshing with the ring gear 9 via a pinion. Such an auxiliary engine may in particular be provided for the rotor drive, during maintenance work. The provision of such a drive device in combination with electric motors, and more particularly hydraulic motors, allows a substantial reduction in the overall size of the drive assembly, at the end of the rotor, and therefore a corresponding reduction in the overall height of the whole mill. In addition, it is thus possible to reduce the size of such a crusher or crusher while eliminating the wear and tension constraints usually existing with the known transmission means, namely the type of pinions and chains or pulleys and belts and the hydraulic pump or pumps of the motors can be arranged at a distance from the latter, so that the bulk can be further limited. The rotor advantageously has a working diameter, that is to say corresponding to the deployment of the tools, which is substantially equal to either the width of the chute forming the feed means 2 or the width of the peripheral means 3 pre-treatment of products.

According to another characteristic of the invention and as shown in Figures 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, the crusher housing 1, which comprises densification bars or lower grids, may advantageously be constituted by two half-shells 13 mounted on the frame 16 of the mill 1, pivotally under the action of hydraulic cylinders 14. Thus, after separation of the half-shells 13 constituting the housing, in the position shown in the accompanying drawings, the rotor of the mill 1 becomes perfectly accessible, so that maintenance is greatly facilitated. The rotor of the mill 1 is driven via the transmission means 5 connected to the rotor shaft in a disconnectable manner, without total disassembly of the frame of the mill 1 and is mounted at each end in a bearing 17 of the frame 16. To further facilitate maintenance, in particular of the rotor, the mill 1 is provided with a device 15 for extracting the rotor.

For this purpose, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings, the device 15 for extracting the rotor consists of pivotally mounting means of the ends of the rotor on the frame 16 of the mill 1, which are present, for each rotor end, preferably in the form of a support 18 of the bearing 17, connected to said bearing 17 and pivotally mounted, by means of a pivot pin 19 to the frame of the mill 1, crusher or the like, this support 18 being connected, at a distance from the pivot axis 19, to the rod of a cylinder 20. Thus, it is possible, after opening the grinding chamber by pivoting the half-shells 13 delimiting it, to disengage, in firstly, the rotor, then by actuation of the jack 20 to make a pivoting to the rotor about the pivot axis 19 of the support 18, so as to bring it from its working position shown in Figure 4 to a extraction position shown in Figure 5. Although stretched, prior to the opening of the half-shells, or the drive motor or transmission means connected to the rotor shaft, will be disconnected so as to allow the subsequent tilting of the rotor in its extraction position. Such disconnection of the rotor shaft and the drive motor or the transmission means or means 5 will advantageously be carried out, in a known manner, by predicting a connection between said motors or transmission means and the shaft key or spline type rotor, allowing assembly and disassembly by simple longitudinal sliding. Thus, it is possible to intervene quickly and simply on the rotor of the mill or crusher or in the grinding chamber, by predicting a handling of said rotor without the use of external means and without the need for a long disassembly operation. and expensive.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, each bearing 17 of the rotor support can be mounted directly pivotally about an axis of articulation, on the frame of the mill 1, crusher or the like and The pivoting in the extraction position takes place, in such a case, in exactly the same manner as described with reference to the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5. According to a characteristic of the invention, the support 18 of bearing 17 or the bearing 17 is preferably provided with a locking means in the operating position (not shown), which may be in the form of a mechanical lock actuated by jack, mounted on the frame of the mill 1, crusher or the like. It is also possible to achieve such locking by implementing a self-locking actuating jack. Thus, when an extraction of the rotor must be performed, it is necessary to perform a series of operations consisting of a prior unlocking of the operating position, and then a pivotal actuation of the rotor. Of course, these operations will advantageously be performed automatically, that is to say that the control of the extraction will automatically unlock before the pivoting of the rotor. FIG. 6 of the appended drawings shows a peripheral means 3 for pretreatment of the products in the form of a compacting and preliminary shearing device comprising at least one compaction and feed means 39, upstream of a filling machine. shear 36, above the feed means 2 and which is connected directly, by the output of the shearing machine 36, the mill 1, the longitudinal axis extends in extension of the axis of the means of supply 2 and whose feed inlet is located in the extension of the output of the shearing machine 36. Thus, it is possible to directly feed the mill 1 by means of the previously densified and sheared products and these sheared products enter directly by gravity, or under the effect of the thrust exerted by the products entering the shearing machine 36, in the mill 1 for final shredding. For this purpose, as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the beat diameter of the hammers or fixed or movable knives of the mill rotor 1 is substantially equal to the cutting width of the shearing machine 36 and the width of the means. 2. Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings show an embodiment, wherein the calibration grid equipping the mill 1 is advantageously arranged in a laterally inclined manner and pivotally mounted on the grinding chamber comprising the densification bars 40 or lower grids arranged in the crusher housing 1, and thus forms an ejection hatch uncrushable. Moreover, to promote the maintenance of the mill, the crusher housing 1 comprising the densification bars 40 or lower grids is advantageously constituted by two half-shells 13 mounted on the constituent bearings of the mill 1 frame pivotally under the action hydraulic cylinders 14. Thus, after separation of the half-shells constituting the housing, in the position shown in the accompanying drawings, the rotor of the mill 1 becomes perfectly accessible, so that maintenance is greatly facilitated. The compacting and feeding means 39 may advantageously be in the form of a crushing element extending above the supply means 2, at a distance from the latter and mounted on sliders (not shown) disposed laterally to the supply means 2 (Figure 6) or between articulated arms, these slides or these articulated arms being driven by hydraulic cylinders, not shown. The crushing element forming the compacting and feeding means 39 can be constituted in the form of a roller driven by a reversible rotational movement which makes it possible to crush but also to regulate and dose the feed of the shearing machine. 36. Thus, the products to be sheared by the shearing machine 36 are crushed and densified, prior to their entry into said shearing machine 36.

The shearing machine 36 is advantageously in the form of a guillotine shear, whose fixed counter-knife extends in continuity with the bottom of the feed means 2 and on the same plane as the latter, the movable slide of this shear guillotine being equipped with a knife and being actuated via cylinders 42. The feeding opening of the guillotine shears is determined according to the thickness of the layer of material feeding the shears, downstream of the crushing roller forming the compaction and feeding means 39 and supplying the shears. Thus, the crushing roll forming the compacting and feeding means 39 may not only allow adjustment of the feed speed of the shears, but also determine the length of the products cut by said shears. This is easily achieved by driving the driving motor or motors of said crushing roll. In known manner, the feed means 2 is preferably inclined to facilitate the feeding of the shears by gravity.

However, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the supply means 2 can be subdivided into a fixed part integral with the frame 360 of the shearing machine 36 and in part mobile, mounted to hinge on said frame 360 and can be actuated in pivoting by means of a cylinder 43. Such a possibility of tilting of the movable part makes it possible to perform the supply of materials to be compacted and sheared, to a lesser extent. height and, preferably, on a horizontal plane. After loading the products to be fed into the feed means 2, said products are directed towards the machine 36, by gravity or by driving through the crushing roller forming compacting and feeding means 39. feed means 2 comprises a movable portion mounted to hinge on the frame 360 of the shearing machine 36, the loading will be performed on this movable part, preferably tilted horizontally. Then, the movable portion is tilted, via the cylinder 43, in its position in extension of the fixed part and the products therein will be moved, by gravity or with the aid of the crushing roll, towards the shearing machine 36. The compacting and feeding means 39 then performs a densification of the products on the feed means 2, in order to bring them between the set of knives and counter-knives of the shearing machine 36 The latter then performs a debiting at predetermined lengths of the products entering it. The determination of the length of the products to be dispensed can be carried out by taking into account the rotation of the crushing roller or by the use of adjustable position detectors or a retractable stop, the reaching of this length automatically triggering a stop compacting and feeding means 39, followed by an actuation of the slider carrying the knife, by means of the cylinders 42. The rotation of the crushing roll forming the compacting and feeding means 39 reduces the height automatically. crushed and compacted product directed to the shearing machine 36, while the position detectors or the adjustable stop determine the length of product to be cut. In the embodiment according to Figure 6, it may be provided to mount the retractable stop for determining the length of the sheared products directly between the shearing machine 36 and the mill 1, preferably on the feed inlet of said mill 1. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the shearing machine 36 may be further provided with a lower slider 361 extending, in the rest position, at the bottom of the feed means 2 and the counter-knife and connected to the slider bearing the knife through side guides 362 guided in the uprights of the shearing machine 36. - 15 - Such a slide 361 is therefore moves parallel to the knife, during a shearing cycle and, at the end of said cycle, it returns to its initial position by bringing the sheared products level with the means 2, thus allowing their release nt. In addition, a device comprising such a slider 361 is more particularly suitable for use with a grinder whose feed inlet is at the same level as the feed means 2. The shearing machine 36 may also be provided , on its side facing the crushing roller forming the compacting and feeding means 39, a means 44 for holding and crushing the products previously crushed and ready to be cut, this means 44 having a width slightly less than that of the feed means 2, being guided in displacement against the corresponding face of said shearing machine 36 and being actuated in displacement by means of at least one jack 45. Thus, the products to be sheared having entered the machine Shears 36 are always held and crushed against the counter knife during the shearing process. In addition, the means 44 for holding and crushing the products may be equipped at its lower part with a drive means (not shown), in the form of wheels, preferably notched, slightly protruding below the lower edge. Thus, the materials held by the means 44 can easily be moved to the machine 36, without ever risking tilting during shearing. As shown in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, the inlet of the mill 1 may be equipped with a crushing element 46 rocking by means of a jack (not shown). The crushing element 46 may be in the form of a crushing drum (not shown) mounted on a tilting frame or in the form of a crusher flap provided with gears or wheels provided with drive profiles. This crushing element 46 makes it possible to direct the material to be grinded towards the inlet of the grinder 1. The prediction of an embodiment in the form of a crushing drum makes it possible to optimize the forcing effect of the material towards the inside of the crusher. 1 and in particular to optimize the feeding of the latter. Furthermore, the mill 1 can be provided, near its feed opening, with a high ejection grid 1111, simultaneously forming an ejection valve and which is connected by a wall 1112, preferably inclined, to said opening power. The inclination of this wall 1112 makes it possible to increase the area of the high ejection grille 1111 and thus to improve the ejection capacities of the mill 1. In addition, on the side opposite the wall 1112, the high ejection grid 1111 can be extended, in the direction of the feed opening, by an inclined wall 1113 forming a chute for guiding the pre-ground products to the inlet of the mill 1. In addition, this inclined wall 1113 can be provided, on the side facing the rotor, an upper anvil (not shown). Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the crushing element 46 may be integrated in a tilting or fixed feed chute, mounted laterally to the feed opening, on the side opposite to that carrying the high ejection grille 1111, and be fixedly mounted or hinged on the chute. Thus, the crushing element 46 can either contribute to an application of the products entering the mill from above against the rotor of the latter, or serve as drive element and compaction of products fed by a lateral chute. FIG. 9 of the appended drawings shows a peripheral means 3 for pretreatment of the products entering the mill, in the form of a pre-mill or pre-shredder, consisting essentially of at least one drive assembly 53 comprising an engine of hydraulic or electrical drive 54 and a gearbox 55 and by at least one shredding element 56, mounted on a frame 57, a feed means or another support, disposed above the mill 1 and whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mill 1.

As a result, the rotor of the mill 1 can be of short length, namely of a reduced length, substantially equal to the width of the transverse opening of communication between the rotor of the mill 1 and the means 3. In accordance with the According to the invention, the gearbox 55 of the drive assembly 53 of this pre-shredder or pre-shredder forms an element for fixing and supporting at least one shredding element 56, and is constituted by a fixed part 55 ', fixed directly on the frame 57 of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder or on a support or a wall of the latter, and by a movable part 55 ", the shredding element 56 being fixed on the movable part 55" of this reducer 55 by fitting, clamping or insertion, and being guided and held on the frame 57, directly by the gearbox 55 of the drive assembly 53, which performs the functions of support and guidance in rotation of the shredding element 56. According to a first embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings, the chipping element 56 is in the form of a tube with a large section wall or a solid shaft provided with at least one end a flange 58 or a flange for attachment to a flange or a corresponding flange of the movable portion 55 "of the gearbox 55. The shredding element 56 may in particular be in the form of an interchangeable wear part.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the shredding element 56 is a tube with a large section wall fitted at one end to the gearbox 55. The shredding element 56 may also be form of a solid shaft provided at at least one end of a housing for its fitting on the gearbox 55. It is also possible to realize the shredding element 56 in the form of a tube with a large section wall or a solid shaft having, instead of or end plates or flanges or the fitting housing, a drive means (not shown) by interlocking in a correspondingly shaped housing of the free end of the movable portion 55 "of the corresponding reducer 55. Such an embodiment of the shredding element 56 allows it to be disassembled simply by withdrawing its drive means from the corresponding housing of the moving part 5. 5 ".

It is also possible, according to another embodiment of the invention, in the case of implementation of hydraulic drive motors, to connect these directly to or shredding elements 56, the speed variation of these engines being realized by means of their supply means, which makes it possible to intervene directly on the dynamic characteristics of the element (s) 56. The gearbox 55 of the drive assembly 53 is a device known per se, comparable to the mechanisms known as translational reducers, of very compact construction and to transmit very high torque at reduced speeds, while ensuring a perfect adaptation of the speed to reduction ratios. The gearbox 55 of the drive assembly 53, which consists essentially of a fixed portion 55 'and a movable portion 55 ", is advantageously fixed on the frame 57 of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder or on a wall or other element of the latter through the fixed part 55 ', on which the motor 54, which may be of the electric or hydraulic type, is mounted, such a fixing of the gear unit 55 can be carried out in the usual manner by by means of bolts, pins, screws or the like, whereby the shredding element 56 and the drive assembly 53 can be mounted on the frame 57, a wall or other element of the machine without a bearing or rolling bearing, the function of support and guide bearings being provided directly by the drive assembly 53 and in particular by the gearbox 55, the shredding element 56 being, in fact, a simple interchangeable piece eable not requiring any specific mounting on rolling bearings and maintenance during a replacement, before their connection to the gearbox 55. According to a feature of the invention, the movable portion 55 "of the gearbox 55 is mounted door-to-door. false on the frame 57 or wall or other, relative to the fixed portion 55 'of this gear and forms a support for fixing the shredding element 56. In the case of implementation of a tube of large section, this tube has a wall thickness sufficient to withstand the forces and is provided, either directly by welding, chipping tools 59, or through at least one flange 60 forming a toolholder of fixed shredding tools or mobile and interchangeable that can be changed as simple wear elements. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 of the accompanying drawings, the pre-shredder or pre-shredder is simply constituted by a drive assembly 53 comprising a drive motor 54 and a gearbox 55 and a shredder element. 56.

In such a case, the shredding assembly works in a shredding chamber, cantilevered with respect to the frame 57 or to a wall, simply being supported by the gearbox 55. It is also possible to mount between the moving part 55 "of the gearbox 55 and the shredding element 56 a grinding or shredding tool-holder assembly in the form of flanges provided with mobile or stationary peripheral tools .Also it is conceivable to fit two pre-shredders or pre-shredders in a juxtaposed manner, without being interconnected, so that their operation can be completely independent In the embodiment according to FIGS. 10 and 12, the shredding element 56 is advantageously attached to the movable portion 55 "of the reducer 55 and is provided at its opposite end with a closure cover (not shown) or an assembly flange 61, fixed by screwing, bolting or welding. The provision of an assembly flange 61 allows the juxtaposition of a shredding element 56 mounted on one side of a frame or on a wall with a second chipping element 56 mounted on the opposite side of the frame or on the wall opposite, the free ends of each shredding element being then connected together by bolting or by a form cooperation. Such bolting is a conventional assembly in the field of mechanics and simply implements bolts through two adjacent flanges 61 and is therefore not described or shown in more detail. It is the same with regard to an assembly by cooperation of form which can be of the jabber type or the like. In the embodiment according to FIG. 12, the shredding element 56 is advantageously fixed on the mobile part 55 "of the gearbox 55 by means of pins or screws 62 and is provided at its opposite end with a cover of closure (not shown) or an assembly flange 61, fastened by screwing, bolting or welding Figs 11 and 13 of the accompanying drawings show alternative embodiments of the invention, in which the pre-grinder or pre-shredder comprises two drive assemblies 53 arranged in opposition on a frame 57 or on a support or a wall of the latter, these drive assemblies 53 cooperating with a single chipping element 56 in the form of a tube strong section or a solid shaft fixed (Figure 11) or fitted (Figure 13) at its ends on the movable portion 55 "gearboxes 55. Such an embodiment allows obtaining pre-grinders or pre-shredders including l The working width is comparable to that of traditional pre-shredders or pre-shredders, while having a much smaller footprint and weight and a much lower cost. In the embodiment according to FIG. 11 of the appended drawings, the pre-shredder or pre-shredder comprises two drive assemblies 53 each provided with at least one shredding element 56, these drive assemblies and a shredder element. - shredding 56 being connected in parallel to cooperate by interpenetration or not their tools Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings, to improve the work of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder, the latter may comprise a movable flap 63 pivotally mounted under or on said pre-shredder or pre-shredder and pivotally controlled by means of at least one jack 65. This movable flap 63 may be provided with teeth 64 constituting obstacles between the tools of the shredding element 56.

Preferably, in the case of implementation of shredding elements 56 mounted at both ends on gearboxes 55, whose fixed parts 55 'are each fixed to a wall of the frame 57 of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder, a fixed part 55 'corresponding to one end of each shredding element 56 is mounted on the corresponding wall of the frame 57 by securing with a flange or a ring, not shown, sliding in a corresponding housing of said corresponding wall of the frame 57 and maintained against a rotation, while the fixed portion 55 'assigned to the opposite end is preferably secured directly with the corresponding wall, thus ensuring the free expansion of the shaft of each shredding element 56. The maintenance against a rotation of the flanges or sliding rings secured to the fixed part 55 'is provided by means of keys (not shown) cooperative nt with corresponding longitudinal grooves provided in the bearings provided in the wall of the frame 57, as well as on said flanges or sliding rings, or else by means of reaction arms connecting said flanges or rings each to a fixed point provided on said chassis wall 57. Such a reaction arm, which consists of a connecting rod or the like connected by its ends respectively to the corresponding flange or ring and to the frame 57 or to a wall of the latter, is of a type known per se and does not require additional description. Thus, freedom of translation of the flange or the sliding ring is permitted, its rotation remaining impossible. The fixed parts 55 'of the gear units 55 may also be mounted on eccentric flanges cooperating with reaction arms or the like. It is thus possible to vary the spacing between two elements 56. FIG. 14 of the appended drawings represents an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the pre-grinder or pre-shredder comprises at least one element of the invention. shredding 56 driven by a drive assembly 53, this shredding element 56 being mounted on the end of a frame 57 ', in the form of a pair of support arms, the other end of which is hinged to the frame of a mill or on a feed ramp or the like via an axis 570 ', this frame 57' being pivotable about the axis 570 'via at least one cylinder 571' . Thus, it is possible to vary the distance of the chipping element 56 with respect to a feeding ramp or feed hopper, so that the pre-grinding or pre-shredding can be more or less important, for example depending on the strength of the products to grind. The provision of a device according to FIG. 14 and the resulting mode of operation make it possible to eliminate a flap or a feed roll or a crusher of the products to be treated, which entails a weight saving on the whole of the machine. equipped machine and a corresponding economy in terms of its cost. The shredding element 56 provided at the pivoting end of the frame 57 'has the same effect as a flap or crusher, in that it compresses the material against a wall preferably of the feed ramp and the makes the pivoting movement of the frame 57 ', it makes it possible to advance the material to be treated towards fixed counter-tools or towards the other shredder element 56.

According to another characteristic of the invention and as shown in Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings, the frame side walls 57 'can advantageously be subdivided into two symmetrical parts 57 "preferably following the axis line or close to this line connecting the axes of the gearboxes 55 and shredding elements 56 and thus form at each of these axes of the bearing portions of receiving fixed parts 55 'of said gearboxes 55, the two parts 57 "of the frame 57' being interconnected, preferably at one of their ends, by a hinge pin 163 and can be pivoted, preferably relative to each other about this axis 163, by means of at least one actuator d 164. Such an embodiment allows rapid assembly and disassembly of the gearboxes 55 - chipping element (s) 56, by simply pivoting a portion 57 "of the wall of the - 22 - frame 57 'relative to each other, so that the fixed parts 55' of the gearboxes 55 can be instantly maintained or released. Preferably, in such a case, the bearings 551 'of the fixed parts 55' of the reducers 55, as well as said fixed parts 55 'may advantageously have a non-circular cylindrical section, namely oval or polygonal (FIG. 15), so that maintaining said fixed parts 55 'of the gear units 55 against rotation is automatically ensured. As a result, the bearings can simultaneously ensure a displacement of the fixed parts 55 ', due to the expansion of the shredding element or elements 56, the limitation of this expansion displacement of the fixed parts 55' being ensured by the prediction on the latter, on either side of the corresponding chassis side wall 57 'of an abutment stop (not shown). According to another characteristic of the invention, also shown in FIG. 15 of the accompanying drawings, it is possible to mount the fixed parts 55 'of the gear units 55 eccentrically in non-circular cylindrical bearings. Thus, each shredding element 56 with its drive assembly 53 can be adjusted in position in the frame 57 'by a simple rotation around the mounting axis on the walls of the frame 57', which will have the effect of causing the shredding elements 56 to move in the direction of approaching or spacing parallel to the bottom of the feed means or to a neighboring chipping element 56. FIG. 16 of the accompanying drawings shows a mobile feed means 2 consisting of a bucket 2 "pivotably mounted on one side of the mill 1 frame, via arms 65 hinged to the frame of the mill 1, and pivotally actuated by at least one jack 66, articulated by its yoke on said frame of the mill 1, or on another support, and by its piston rod on said bucket 2 ", near its end facing the frame of the mill 1 or on the end of the arm 65 connected to the bucket 2 "The side of the bucket 2", forming the mobile feed means 2, facing the frame of the mill 1, is advantageously open over the entire height of the 2 "bucket which is supported by the corresponding ends of its longitudinal edges against the corresponding face of the frame, which has a bend along a radius corresponding to the radius of pivoting of the bucket 2" relative to the axis of articulation of the arms 65, l the ends of the longitudinal edges having a curvature equal to this bending. Thus, it is possible to perform a prior loading of the bucket 2 "constituting the mobile feed means 2, at a distance from the ground corresponding to the upper level of the sides of said bucket 2", and then to lift the latter by the action or actuating cylinders 66. Such actuation causes a thrust on the end of the bucket 2 "facing the frame of the mill 1, which has the effect of pivoting the bucket 2" around the axis d 65. The bucket 2 "then pivots gradually towards an inclined position, while being moved upwards to be brought in front of the feed opening of the grinding chamber, so that on arrival before said opening, the contents of the bucket 2 "can be discharged by gravity into the latter. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, represented in FIG. 17 of the appended drawings, the arms 65, articulated on the frame of the mill 1, can be connected to the bucket 2 "forming the mobile feed means 2 by the intermediate a hinge 67 of the end of said arm 65 opposite the hinge on the frame, at least one jack 68, and preferably two jacks 68, acting between bearings 69, provided on the arms 65, and 70 provided at the end of the bucket 2 ", the actuators 66 pivotally acting by their end is on the bucket 2." Preferably, the control of the cylinder or cylinders 68 is subject to the control of the cylinder or cylinders 66 of pivotal actuation of the arms 65, so that during the upward pivoting of the arms 65, the bucket 2 "is kept at an inclination close to the horizontal and when arriving at the end of high pivoting arms 65, or said cylinders 68 are controlled s in the direction of an upward pivoting of the bucket 2 "to bring it from a substantially horizontal position to an inclined position substantially in extension of the axis of the pivot arms 65.

FIG. 18 of the accompanying drawings shows another variant embodiment of the invention, in which the skip 2 "is pivotally connected to the arms 65 via a hinge pin 71 offset behind the end of the invention. its longitudinal edges, the arms 65 being loaded by the cylinders 66 for actuating pivotally, and the bucket 2 "is further provided near its lower transverse end edge of at least one transverse bar 72 intended to cooperate with hooks 73 - 24 - provided near the lower part of the feed opening of the grinding chamber. In this embodiment, the bucket 2 "is freely pivotable about the hinge axis 71 and, during the upward pivoting of the arms 65 under the action of the jacks 66, it slides on the curved guide wall provided on the frame of the mill 1 until its transverse bar 72 hooks into the hooks 73 provided under the opening of the grinding chamber It then occurs, during the continuation of pivoting up arms 65, a pivoting of the bucket 2 "around the crossbar 72, which has the effect of bringing it into a tilting position for gravity unloading. In FIG. 16, the bucket 2 "of the mobile feed means 2 is shown in a position close to the ground, in which its loading can be carried out very quickly by using common and unsophisticated handling means, unlike ramps. Of course, if the mill 1 is mounted on a frame, at a distance from the ground, the bucket 2 "will be placed on a frame at the same height but the advantages provided by the possibility of displacement, according to to the invention, remain.

FIG. 19 of the appended drawings shows a peripheral means 3 for the subsequent treatment of the ground products in the form of a sorting device mounted downstream of the mill 1 and which consists of at least one device 74 for separating the ground products according to their nature. and in several receptacles or carriers 75 to 77 for collecting the sorted products, this device comprising at least one rotary magnetic device, consisting of at least one rotating disk 78 smooth or having a profiled surface, and by at least one magnetic field generator 79 disposed behind said disk relative to the products to be separated. The rotary disc 78 is driven directly by a motor or a geared motor, or by a cardan or pulley transmission and chain or belt, preferably with a speed variation means, on the same side of the disc 78 as the generator. magnetic field 79, the disc 78 being a disc of non-magnetic material, such as stainless steel or aluminum and the magnetic field generator 79 is fixed behind a portion of the surface of the disc 78, on a fixed support. The rotary magnetic device 74 may be constituted by a plurality of disks 78 associated with magnetic field generators 79, these disks 78 being driven individually or in synchronism. In addition, the disc or discs 78 forming the rotary magnetic device 74 may be arranged perpendicularly, parallel or inclined relative to the plane of travel or exit of the products to be separated. In addition, in the case of implementation of several discs 78, these may be arranged in axial alignment or staggered and be parallel to each other or angularly oriented relative to each other, thus promoting optimal sorting products to separate. The magnetic field created on the disk 78 by the magnetic field generator 79, allows ferrous products to be driven along the entire path corresponding to the space covered by the magnetic field generator 79, and then releases them, so that they are propelled more or less strongly according to the rotational speed of the disk 78, which serves simultaneously as a reception and shock screen, and their weight, in one or more collection receptacles 75, 76. According to the speed of the disk 78 it is possible to perform a densimetric and ballistic sorting, namely that the heavier products, remaining attached to the disk 78 in its zone corresponding to the magnetic field generator 79, are ejected furthest from said disk 78, while the lighter products fall back to a closer distance. As a result, two receptacles for receiving ferrous products arranged side by side can be implemented, the one 75 located farthest from the disc 78 receiving the heavier products, while the lighter products fall into the receptacle on closer 76.

The device 74 may be completed by a device 80 for sucking up the dust and the lightest inert products, arranged between the plane of travel or exit of the products to be separated and the rotary magnetic device 74. Thus, the sorting of the crushed products is further improved, a portion of the inert being automatically removed before any treatment by the device 74. Furthermore, the disc 78 can be provided over its entire surface of small diameter perforations and behind the disc 78 can be mounted a blowing means d 'air. The device 74 is also equipped with a means 81 for sorting non-ferrous waste by eddy current, this means 81 consisting essentially of a conveyor belt 82 traveling at least over part of its length on a magnetron 83. - By using this means 83, the non-ferrous metals, which are not retained by the disk 78, as well as the heavier inerts, which has resulted on the conveyor belt 82, are subjected to a sorting by current of Foucault, during which, during the progression of the conveyor belt, the ferrous metals are subjected to a repulsion via the magnetron 83. As a result, when passing over the magnetron 83, the non-ferrous metals are propelled above the conveyor belt 82 and the magnetron 83, so that under the kinetic effect, these non-ferrous products are discharged into a receiving receptacle 76, the inert being simply recovered by gravity in another receptacle of reception. Preferably, the disc or discs 78 are advantageously arranged in front of the grinding and / or grading grids of the mill 1, in an inclined manner with respect to the latter, so that the non-ferrous products and the inerts projected on said or said disks 78 can easily be removed by gravity and evacuated into a receptacle 76 or 77, or a collection conveyor. It is also possible, according to another characteristic of the invention, to arrange the sorting device above a conveyor belt disposed in front of the grinding and / or grading grilles of the grinder 1, the rotating magnetic device. then extending above the end of said conveyor belt opposite that downstream of the mill. Furthermore, the mounting frame 8 of the installation can advantageously form a hydraulic fluid reservoir for the hydraulic machines and / or fuel for a possible implementation of heat engines. In addition, as shown in Figure 1, the feed means 2 and a peripheral means 3 for pre-treatment can be based on a technical room, whose roof is double slope. Thus, in particular the motor (s) 6, the transmission means 5, as well as other peripheral elements can be arranged protected from ambient pollution. Finally, the grinder is enclosed in a sound insulating enclosure formed by at least two frames, articulated on both sides of the mill, completely surrounding the latter and allowing access to the mill for maintenance or other operations, these articulated frames can themselves be equipped in the upper part, traffic bridges. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce a combined product treatment plant by grinding, shredding or compaction, allowing a complete treatment of products out of use, that is to say their reduction. complete crushing and selective sorting of the latter on a single site and without intermediate transport, in a small footprint and with a reduced energy expenditure. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (29)

REVENDICATIONS1. Combined plant for treatment of products by grinding, shredding or compacting essentially consisting of a rotor mill (1), a feed means (2) of said mill (1), the longitudinal axis of which is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the mill (1), by at least one peripheral means (3) for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill and / or by at least one peripheral means for the subsequent treatment of the milled products and by a device (4). ) driving the mill rotor (1). 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (4) for driving the rotor of the mill (1) comprises a transmission means (5) and at least one drive motor (6), as well as at least one energy distribution means (7). 3. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises a single frame (8) mounting. Installation according to Claim 2, characterized in that the transmission means (5) of the mill rotor drive device (4), which is connected to at least one drive motor (6). , is in the form of a gearbox comprising a ring gear (9) in direct contact with the rotor shaft of the mill (1), the driving motor or motors (6) being fixed to the gearbox and in engagement with the ring gear (9) via corresponding drive gears (10), said transmission means (5) being further provided with one or more orifices (11, 11 ') access to its interior space for the attachment of one or more auxiliary hydraulic pumps forming a power distribution means (7), these hydraulic pumps being each provided with a drive pinion meshing with the crown toothed gearbox, or being in direct contact with each other with a drive motor (6), t shafts opening out of the means (5), for the drive connection of such hydraulic pumps. 5. Installation, according to claim 4, characterized in that the transmission means (5) of the device (4) for driving the rotor of the mill (1) is provided with a longitudinal passage (5 '), parallel to its longitudinal axis and the rotor axis of the mill (1), this passage being in the extension of a support axis of the hammers of said rotor and being intended for the passage of an extractor of such an axis. 6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the transmission means (5) is provided with a low power hydraulic or electric auxiliary engine meshing with the ring gear (9) via a pinion. . 7. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotor of the mill (1) has a working diameter, that is to say corresponding to the deployment of tools, which is substantially equal to the width of the feeding means (2), ie the width of the peripheral means (3) for pretreatment of the products. 8. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the crusher housing (1), which comprises densification bars or lower grids, is constituted by two half-shells (13) mounted on the frame (16) of the mill (1) pivotably under the action of hydraulic cylinders (14). 9. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mill (1) is provided with a device (15) for extracting the rotor (1) consisting of pivoting mounting means of the ends rotor (1) on the frame (2) of the mill, crusher or the like. 10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the means of the ends of the rotor on the frame (16) of the mill (1) are, for each rotor end in the form of a support (18) of the bearing (17), connected to said bearing (17) and hingedly mounted, by means of a pivot axis (19) to the mill frame (1),) this support (18) being connected at a distance from the axis of pivoting (19), to the rod of a jack (20). 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that each bearing (17) for supporting the rotor is mounted directly pivotally about an axis of articulation, on the frame of the mill (1) and is actuated directly by a cylinder (20). 12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral means (3) for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill is in the form of a compacting device and preliminary shearing comprising at least one compacting means and feeding device (39), upstream of a shearing machine (36), above the feed means (2) and connected directly by the output of the shearing machine (36) at the mill (1), whose longitudinal axis extends in extension of the axis of the feed means (2) and whose feed inlet is in the extension of the output of the shearing machine (36). 13. Installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the compaction means and feeding (39) is in the form of a crushing element extending above the supply means (2), at a distance of it and mounted on sliders arranged laterally to the supply means (2) or between articulated arms, these sliders or these articulated arms being driven by hydraulic cylinders, not shown. 14. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the calibration grid equipping the mill (1) is arranged laterally inclined and pivotally mounted on the grinding chamber comprising the densification bars (40). ) or lower grids arranged in the crusher housing (1) and thus forms an ejection hatch uncrushable. 15. Installation, according to claim 14, characterized in that the inlet of the mill (1) is equipped, in front of the output of the shearing machine (36) of a crusher element (46) tilting by means of a cylinder. 16. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mill (1) is provided, near its feed opening, a high ejection grid (1111), simultaneously forming an ejection valve and which is connected by a wall (1112), preferably inclined, to said feed opening. 17. Installation according to claim 14, characterized in that, on the opposite side of the wall (1112), the upper ejection grid (1111) is extended, in the direction of the feed opening, by an inclined wall. (1113) forming a chute for guiding pre-milled products to the inlet of the mill (1). 18. Installation according to claim 17, characterized in that the inclined wall (1113) forming a chute for guiding the pre-ground products towards the inlet of the mill (1) is provided, on the side facing the rotor, of an upper anvil. 19. Installation according to claim 15, characterized in that the crushing element (46) is integrated in a tilting or fixed feed chute, mounted laterally to the feed opening, on the opposite side to that carrying the high ejection grid (1111), and is mounted fixedly or hingedly on this chute. 20. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral means (3) for pre-treatment of the products entering the mill is in the form of a pre-mill or pre-shredder, essentially consisting of at least one set (53) comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor (54) and a gearbox (55) and by at least one shredding element (56), mounted on a frame (57), a feed means or another support disposed above the mill (1) and whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mill (1). 21. Installation according to claim 20, characterized in that the reducer (55) of the drive assembly (53) of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder forms a fastening element and support of at least one element shredding device (56), and is constituted by a fixed part (55 ') fixed directly on the frame (57) of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder or on a support or a wall thereof, and by a movable part (55 "), the shredding element (56) being fixed on the movable part (55") of this gear (55) by fitting, clamping or insertion, and being guided and held on the frame (57), directly by the gearbox (55) of the drive assembly (53), which provides support functions and rotational guidance of the shredding element (56). 22. Installation according to claim 20, characterized in that the pre-grinder or pre-shredder comprises at least one shredding element (56) driven by a drive assembly (53), the shredding element (56) being mounted on the end of a frame (57 '), in the form of a pair of support arms, the other end of which is hinged to the frame of a mill or to a feed ramp or the like intermediate of an axis (570 '), this frame (57') being pivotable about the axis (570 ') via at least one cylinder (571'). 23. Installation according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the pre-shredder or pre-shredder comprises a movable flap (63) pivotally mounted under or on said pre-shredder or pre-shredder and pivotally controlled by means of at least one jack (65). 24. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 1, 2 and 4 to 6, characterized in that, in the case of the use of such electric motors, they are equipped with electronic variable speed drives. start-up. 25. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable supply means (2) consists of a bucket (2 "), mounted pivotably on one side of the mill frame (1), via of arms (65) articulated on the frame of the mill (1), and actuated in pivoting by at least one jack (66), articulated by its fork on said frame of the mill (1), or on another support, and by its piston rod on said bucket (2 "), near its end facing the frame of the mill (1) or on the end of the arm (65) connected to the bucket (2"). 26. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with peripheral means (3) for subsequent treatment of the ground products in the form of a sorting device mounted downstream of the mill (1) and which consists of in at least one device (74) for separating the crushed products according to their nature and in several receptacles or conveyors (75 to 77) for collecting the sorted products, this device comprising at least one rotary magnetic device constituted by at least one rotatable disk (78) smooth or having a profiled surface, and by at least one magnetic field generator (79) disposed behind said disk with respect to the products to be separated, the disk or disks (78) forming the rotary magnetic device (74). ) can be arranged perpendicularly, parallel or inclined relative to the plane of travel or exit of the products to be separated. 27. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the frame (8) mounting the installation forms a hydraulic fluid reservoir for the hydraulic machines and / or fuel for possible implementation. thermal engines. 28. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the supply means (2) and a peripheral means (3) pretreatment are based on a technical room, whose roof is double slope . 29. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the mill is enclosed in a sound insulating enclosure formed by at least two frames, articulated on both sides of the mill, completely surrounding the latter and allowing access to the crusher for maintenance or other operations, these articulated frames - 33 - can themselves be equipped in the upper part, traffic bridges.