FR2973024A1 - DRY CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITION FOR PREPARING WET FORMULATION OF COATING, MORTAR OR CONCRETE WITHOUT EFFLORESCENCE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dry cementitious composition for the preparation of a wet formulation of coatings, mortars or concretes in particular allowing the production of thick mineral coatings (RME) without efflorescence without harming the other properties required for the corresponding wet formulation: workability, workability, pumpability, rheology, ease of mixing and application as well as cleaning of tools and properties of hardened objects obtained from this wet formulation: protection / waterproofing, hardness, crack resistance, durability, resistance to traffic light. The composition according to the invention comprises (a) CAC and / or CSA; (b) organic binder; (c) anhydrite; and at least one of the following: (d) a set retarder; (e) a setting accelerator; (f) a water retainer; (g) a charge; (h) a water repellent; (i) a colorant; (j) fibers; (k) an antifoam. It is free of Portland cement and its ratio to the composition (a) / (c) is between 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01. The wet formulation obtained by mixing with water of the cementitious composition, the processes for preparing the cementitious composition and the corresponding wet formulation, the coating obtained by applying the wet formulation, the application and the coated supports are other objects of the invention.

Description

The technical field of the invention is that of compositions of cementitious powders intended for the preparation of wet formulations of mortars or concretes. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS for the building. More specifically, the invention relates to a dry cementitious composition for the preparation of a wet formulation of coatings, mortars or concretes allowing the realization of coatings by projection or spreading on a concrete building surface, or coated with a coated or an external thermal insulation system (ITE). The coatings considered may be wall coverings, preferably exterior. The present invention aims in particular thick mineral coatings (RME), or even thin mineral coatings (RMM), but also a wide range of mineral decorative coatings, mineral paints with thick coatings. These coatings are intended to participate in the decoration, protection, and waterproofing of buildings and more particularly to be applied as a decorative layer on masonry-coated substrates, as a coating on an ITE system or as a coating on an ITE system. coated on concrete.

BACKGROUND ART Efflorescence is a well-known phenomenon that affects cementitious coatings, undermining their decorative appearance due to surface crystallization of insoluble salts of calcium carbonate which thus form an undesirable whitish layer. These calcium carbonate salts also called calcites, have as precursor calcium oxides produced during the hydration of Portland cement and / or the presence of lime in the formulation. These calcium oxides are solubilized and then transported by water (from the mixing water, upwellings in the support or water inlets by precipitation), from the interior of the coating to the surface and form on it white crystalline deposits after evaporation of the water. Calcium carbonates are converted by reaction with ambient carbon dioxide. Since CaOH2 is the cause of efflorescence, it has been proposed to use weakly alkaline binders such as calcium sulpho aluminate cements (CSA) or calcium aluminate cements. (CAC) that contain or produce little or no CaOH2.

Since part of the salts causing efflorescence can come from the concrete substrate on which a coating or a mortar is applied, it has been envisaged to apply to the substrate a polymer film forming a barrier to these salts between the substrate and the substrate. outer coating layer.

GB2360769-A discloses cementing compositions that limit the efflorescence phenomenon by allowing the reaction of CaOH 2 with CSA and calcium sulfate (gypsum) to form ettringite, as taught in GB2099808-B. Having found that mineral monosulfate and hydrated alumina are co-products of ettringite and that these co-products are detrimental to the physical properties of cement, GB2360769-A proposes to associate Portland cement (CPA) with CAC (SECAR®51) calcium sulfate (gypsum) and reactive silica, to overcome this disadvantage. The CAC / gypsum weight ratios generally disclosed in GB2360769-A are from 0.8 to 30 and those referred to in the examples are 0.9; 3.5; 5 and 8.6.

JP60-251162-A discloses a mortar composition comprising white cement, white CAC, gypsum hemihydrate, a polymer dispersion and siliceous sand. The CAC / gypsum ratios disclosed in JP60-251162-A are 1.5; 2.25 and 2. EP1858822-B1 relates to a non-efflorescence, non-reactive silica cementitious mortar composition comprising from 1 to 10% by weight Portland CPA cement, 1 to 30% by weight CAC and 1% by weight. at 15% by weight of calcium sulphate. The CAC / calcium sulfate ratios according to this document are between 0.067 and 30. In the examples, the CAC / gypsum ratio is 3. None of the above-mentioned formulas for cementitious compositions gives rise to an acceptable compromise between the reduction the efflorescence and preservation of mechanical properties including durability, cohesion (hardness-resistance to cracking) over time. It is also important that the gain in terms of reduction of efflorescence does not come at the expense of the other properties required for the achievements obtained from wet formulations coated, mortars, concrete, resulting from dry cement compositions. The properties of the wet formulation are considered here: maneuverability, workability, pumpability, rheology, ease of mixing and application as well as cleaning of tools and the properties of hardened objects obtained from this wet formulation: protection / waterproofing, thermal and acoustic insulation, hardness, crack resistance, durability. Technical problem - objectives of the invention In this context, the technical problem at the source in the present invention is to satisfy at least one of the objectives set forth herein. -after: - Provide a dry cementitious composition stable storage in dry form and leading after mixing and hardening to coatings not subject to efflorescence. - Provide a dry cementitious composition, after mixing with water and application or shaping and curing to produce coatings not subject to efflorescence and with stable properties in terms of durability, hardness, cohesion, protection / waterproofing , resistance to cracking. - Provide a dry cementitious composition leading, after mixing with water, to wet formulations (pastes, coatings, mortars, concretes) which can be projected easily and easy to use, provided with an acceptable water retention during mixing, presenting a consistency and a paste viscosity allowing pumping by a machine, a pumping ability, a workability long enough to achieve the mixing and application including coatings, while remaining economical and stable after mixing ,. - Provide a wet formulation, obtained by mixing with water of the cementitious composition referred to in the above objectives, said wet formulation having the above-mentioned properties. - Provide processes for the preparation of the cementitious composition and the corresponding wet formulation, which are easy to implement and are economical. - Provide an external building covering, for example a thick mineral coating RME, obtained by application of the wet formulation mentioned in the objectives mentioned above (coatings, mortars, cements) and endowed with good long-term mechanical performance (hardness, resistance to cracking, durability, cohesion) and good performance of implementation, while having, in the long term, optimal qualities in terms of decoration (absence of efflorescence).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned problem is solved by the invention which provides a dry cementitious composition having an optimized CAC / SS ratio.

From which it follows that the present invention relates, in a first aspect, to a dry cementitious composition for the preparation of a wet formulation of plaster, mortar or concrete characterized in that it comprises: (a) a cementitious mineral hydraulic binder comprising calcium aluminate (CAC) and / or calcium sulpho aluminate (CSA) cement; (b) an organic binder; (c) a source of sulphate (SS); and at least one of the following: (d) a set retarder; (e) a setting accelerator; (f) a water retainer; (g) a charge; (h) a water repellent; (i) a colorant; and in that the ratio CAC and / or CSA / SS, in% by dry weight with respect to the composition, is, in ascending order of preference, 80/20 and 100/0; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 85/15 and 99.99 / 0.01; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 98/2 and 99.99 / 0.01.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, the dry cementitious composition has a portland cement concentration, expressed as% dry weight of the composition and in increasing order preferably, less than 5; 1; 5.10-1; 10- '; 5.102; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106. It should be noted that the composition according to the invention makes it possible to lead to hardened coatings having a very good resistance to blooming not only the primary efflorescences but also the secondary efflorescences. The composition according to the invention gives access to readily preparable, perfectly manageable wet formulations, of suitable rheology and workability, and ultimately to hardened, non-efflorescent coatings or hard objects having quite mechanical properties. satisfactory and stable over time. The specifications are also satisfied with regard to the specifications of decoration, protection and waterproofing. The cementitious composition according to the invention may for example be: Embodiment M1: either a Thick Mineral Coating (RME) or a Thin Mineral Coating (RMM); - embodiment M2: a mineral paint.

Moreover, the composition according to the invention makes it possible to lead to hardened coatings having good fire resistance. In fact, the hydration products of the CAC / sulphate mixtures in the ratios described by the patent are mainly calcium mono-sulphoaluminate, and ettringite.

The structure of monosulfoaluminate (C3A, C $, H12), the major product of the hydration of our binder system, contains 12 molecules of water. The structure of ettringite (C3A, 3C $, H32) contains 32 molecules of water. Thanks to a large number of moles of water in their structure, monosulfoaluminate, ettringite and gypsite reduce the speed of fire propagation systems in which they are incorporated.

In the embodiment M1, the composition is characterized in that the filler (g) is chosen from sands and / or granulates, preferably from siliceous, calcareous, silico-calcareous sands and mixtures thereof; this charge (g) being optionally supplemented by at least one filler (1), and in that it comprises at least one water retainer (f).

In embodiment M2, the composition is characterized in that the filler (g) is selected from mineral fillers, preferably among calcareous or magnesium fillers. According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a mineral hydraulic binder for a cementitious composition characterized in that it comprises a cement based on CAC and / or CSA and a sulphate source (SS) and in that the ratio CAC and / or CSA / SS, in% by dry weight relative to the composition, is, in increasing order of preference, between 80/20 and 100/0; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 85/15 and 99.99 / 0.01; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 98/2 and 99.99 / 0.01. According to another of its aspects, the invention also relates to a wet formulation obtained by mixing the aforementioned composition with water. In particular, the wet formulation (coating, mortar, concrete) according to the invention is provided with good performance of implementation such as "workability" and rheological properties adapted to pumping. In addition, this coating has in particular on the mechanical level a suitable hardness and good resistance to cracking and durability. According to another of its aspects, the invention provides a thick or thin mineral coating obtained from the aforementioned wet formulation. According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the abovementioned composition, said process consisting essentially in mixing the components of said composition or binder.

According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a process for preparing the wet formulation as defined above, characterized in that it essentially consists in mixing with water a mixture ready for use. use comprising all or part of the binder (a) and / or (b) and the source (c) of sulfate SS, and optionally all or part of the other components, (d) to (k) for the RME or RMM, or d) to (i) for mineral paints, the cementitious composition according to the invention, the mixing time being preferably equal to 1 to 30 min, or even 3 to 10 min, the rest of the components then being gradually incorporated into the mix if this has not been done before. According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a method of application on a building surface or building construction of civil engineering using the wet formulation as referred to above.

The definitions given hereinafter by way of example may be used for the interpretation of the present disclosure: - "polymer" denotes indifferently "homopolymer" and "copolymer"; - "particle size" corresponds to Dmax in dry sieving; - "plaster" means more specifically a mortar used in surface coating of a surface to protect, homogenize, decorate, etc .; "Mortar" refers more particularly to a mixture of binder (hydraulic or organic), fillers, sands (aggregates with a diameter of <5 mm), water and possibly additives and special additions; - The particle size of a "granulate" is greater than 1 mm, preferably less than or equal to 10 mm; "Filler" denotes a powdery mortar filler, comprising, for example, siliceous, calcareous, silico-calcareous particles and / or particles of perlite or vermiculite, of particle size less than or equal to 200 μm.

Detailed description of the invention

DRY CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITION The inventors had the merit of putting a dry cementitious composition which, after hydration, leads to the predominant formation of calcium monosulfoaluminate, preferentially to ettringite. However, the carbonation of calcium monosulfoaluminate preferentially leads to the formation of aluminum hydroxide (or gibbsite), without loss of cohesion of the composition, contrary to that the carbonation of ettringite preferentially leads to the formation of gypsum accompanied by a loss of cohesion and surface hardness. Thus, the coatings obtained after mixing with water and hardening of this cementitious composition have a scratch resistance and improved durability. Preferably, the dry cementitious composition according to the invention is characterized by a scratch resistance at the end of a carbonation in a test T2 defined below (in Newtons), greater than or equal to, in an increasing order of preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for example between 6 and 100 or 6 and 50.

In the embodiment M1 (RME-RMM) of the invention, the dry cementitious composition is characterized by: (a) CAC and / or CSA [80-100]; [90-100] [98-99 (c) SS [0.01-20]; [0.01-10]; [0.01-2] (a / c) CAC and / or CSA / SS [12-28]; [15-M]; [18-22] (b) organic binder L s: 2-10]; [D.- 51; [0-2] (d) setting retarder [0.02-Mt; [0.05-01]; [0.1-0.2] (e) setting accelerator [0.005-0.05]; [0.01-0.03] (f) water retentor [0.01-1]; [0.02-13]; [0.03-015] (g) charge [60-85]; [70- (h) water-repellent [0-2], [0.1-1]; [02- 15] (i) dye [5]; [0- 21 (j) fibers [0-2]; [0- It (k) antifoam [0-0.1]; [0-0.05]; [0.001-0.01] (1) flow [0-2; [2-10; [4-8]

In the embodiment M2 (mineral paint) of the invention, the dry cementitious composition is characterized by the following concentrations, expressed in% dry weight of the composition and in increasing order of preference: (a) CAC and / or CSA [80-100]; [20-1M; [98-99.99] (c) SS [0.01-20]; [0.01-10]; [0.01-2 (a + c) CAC and / or CSA / SS [20-60]; [30-50]; [35-45] (b) organic binder [0- 20]; [Mt [4-10] (d) setting retarder [0.05-1]; [15]; [0 2- 0.4] 8 (e) setting accelerator [0.01-0.1]; [0.02-0.05] (f) water retentor [0.01-2]; [0.05- MI; [0.05-0.3] (g) lime scale LM-70]; [40-60]; [30-50] (h) water-repellent [0-3]; [2]; [002-M] (i) dye [0-15]; [0-10]; QUALIFYING MINERAL HYDRAULIC BINDER (a) Advantageously, the CAC contained in the binder (a): has a concentration of alumina greater than or equal to, in% by weight and in ascending order preferably: 40:50 ; 60; preferably between 65 and 75; is preferably chosen from TERNAL® WHITE, TERNAL® RG, SECAR® 41, SECAR® 51, SECAR® 60, SECAR® 71, SECAR® 80, cast cement, and mixtures thereof. The CAC may be totally or partially replaced by CSA sulphoaluminous cement: at a concentration (in% by weight) in yeelimite greater than or equal to, preferably 45-55; 20 - is preferably the KTS Belitex. ORGANIC BINDER (b) Preferably the organic binder (b) is a polymer, preferably a polymeric resin, the monomers or comonomers of which are selected from: - vinyl esters, preferably vinyl acetate, meth) acrylates, - vinyl aromatics, - olefins, preferably ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, vinyl halides, preferably vinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof. This polymer is incorporated into the composition in the form of an aqueous dispersion and / or in the form of a redispersible powder, preferably produced by atomization (for example VINNA-PAS®), acrylic, styrene-acrylic, vinyl acetate / ethylene resins, vinyl acetate / versatate / ethylene, the vinyl acetate / vinyl ester / ethylene terpolymers and their mixtures being particularly preferred. SOURCE OF SULFATE SS (c) Preferably the sulphate source (SS) is selected from preferably from the following sulphates: gypsum, hemihydrate, anhydrite, lithium, potassium or sodium sulphate and their mixtures; anhydrite being preferred.

It should be noted that in the case where SS corresponds to lithium sulphate, the concentration of SS is preferably between 1.10-3% by weight and 1% by weight and even more preferably is of the order of 0.01%. in weight.

ADJUVANTS The adjuvants (d) to (k) have the role of providing a regularity of the properties of the material and make it possible to fulfill the precise specifications specific to each application of the dry cementitious composition: mortar, plaster, ...

Reta.dateus_ of_accessing_accession

The set retarders (d) and the setting accelerators (e) are water-soluble products which modify the solubilities, the dissolution and hydration rates of the various constituents of the dry cementitious composition. The set retarder (d) is an important component or constituent of the composition according to the invention. He is indeed one of those who act on the ettringite transformation process obtained after hydration of the mineral hydraulic cementitious binder (a). It has indeed appeared interesting in accordance with the invention to promote the formation of gibbsite from ettringite. The choice of the retarder (d) but also the accelerator (e) influencing this process is therefore one of the remarkable features of the invention.

The setting retarder (d) is preferably chosen from tartaric acid and its salts, preferably the sodium or potassium salts, the citric acid and its salts, preferably the sodium salts (trisodium citrate) and their salts. mixtures. The setting accelerator (e) is chosen from carbonates, preferably lithium or sodium, sulphates, preferably lithium, and mixtures thereof.

Réteteu. of water (f) The water retainer (f) has the property of keeping the mixing water before setting. The water is thus maintained in the plaster, mortar or concrete paste, which gives it a very good adhesion and good hydration. To a certain extent, it is less absorbed on the support, the release on the surface is limited and there is thus little evaporation. The water retainer (f) is chosen from: polysaccharides, preferably cellulose ethers and mixtures thereof, and preferably from the group comprising methylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof, or from among modified or unmodified guar ethers and their mixtures or the mixture of these different families.

Charge (g) - Embodiment M1 (RME-RMM): the filler is chosen from sands and / or aggregates, preferably from siliceous, calcareous and silico-calcareous sands and mixtures thereof. The load (g) of the embodiment M 1 may optionally be completed by at least one filler of the type defined hereinbelow. - Embodiment M2 (paints): the filler is a filler chosen from mineral fillers, preferably from calcareous fillers.

Water-repellent (h) The water-repellent (h) is chosen from fatty acids and their sodium, potassium or magnesium salts and mixtures thereof, preferably from oleic acid, stearic acid and their magnesium or magnesium salts. sodium.

(I) The dye (i) is selected from iron, titanium, chromium oxides, polysulfurized sodium aluminosilicates and mixtures thereof, or organic dyes

Fibles O) The fibers (j) comprise fibers of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, cellulose, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, glass, sisal, jute, hemp or mixtures thereof.

Anti-foams, (k) Defoamers (k) are used to increase cohesion of the coating by limiting the presence of air bubbles. They reduce the side effect of other additives or consequent mixing, resulting in air. The antifoam (k) is chosen from polyether polyols, hydrocarbon molecules, hydrophobic esters or mixtures thereof.

Fillers The filler (1) is for example chosen from calcareous or magnesium fillers INGREDIENT-BINDER HYDRAULIC MINERAL Another object of the invention is a mineral-hydraulic binder ingredient for a cementitious composition characterized in that it comprises a cement based on CAC and / or CSA and a sulphate source (SS) and in that the ratio CAC and / or CSA / SS, in% by dry weight relative to the composition, is, in increasing order of preference, 80 / 20 and 100/0; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 85/15 and 99.99 / 0.01; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 98/2 and 99.99 / 0.01.

WET FORMULATION According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a wet formulation formed by a mixture of water and the dry cementitious composition defined above. In particular this wet formulation may be constituted by a coating applicable to a building surface to achieve a coating. It may be in particular a thick mineral coating RME or a mineral thin coating NMR.

Advantageously, this wet formulation is characterized in that its water content is expressed by a mixing ratio (ratio of the mass of water introduced to the mass of dry matter in percentage by weight), included in the following intervals, according to a increasing order of preference: [10 -100]. [10-50]. [15-25] for RME and RMM (Embodiment M1) and [20-200]. [30-120]. [35-80] for mineral paints (Embodiment M2).

Coatings The invention also relates to the cured products obtained from the aforementioned wet formulation and / or that obtained by the process defined below, namely in particular the RME and the RMM (Embodiment M1) and the mineral paints (Embodiment M2). These coatings RME or RMM, or mineral paints, preferably have at least one of the following properties: Adhesion to concrete, coating or ITE (test T6 defined below) greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa and preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa or cohesive in the case of a break in the support on ITE. - Resistance to scratching, (test T3 defined below) after carbonation T2 defined below in a test, greater than or equal to 1 N and preferably greater than or equal to 2 N and without loss at the end of the tests of T2 carbonation. 35 - Resistance to primary and secondary blooms: at the end of the Tl test defined below and after drying of the coating, the latter must not present discoloration or salt trace deposition.

These coatings, for example inorganic paints, preferably have at least one of the following properties: - Resistance to primary and secondary blooms: at the end of the test T1 defined below and after drying the paint, the latter must not not show any discoloration or salt deposit. - Resistance of the paint to the brush abrasion test (T5 test defined below): The resistance is, on the one hand, advantageously greater than or equal to 50 cycles, before accelerated aging, and, on the other hand, advantageously less than or equal to this value, after aging T2.

The invention also relates to the combinations of components (a) to (k) which may be separately provided for reconstituting the aforementioned dry cementitious composition at the time of use. In particular, they may be ready-to-use mixtures comprising either a mono- component with all the necessary components (a) to (k), or a multi-component, for example a two-component component comprising a part of the aforementioned components (a) to (k) and the other part of the components (a) to (k) referred to above.

The invention also relates to the processes for preparing the aforementioned dry cementitious composition, the wet formulation defined above and the method of application on a building surface or construction of building or civil engineering work by means of of the wet formulation according to the invention. These methods are easy to implement by building practitioners.

As regards the mixing of the water with the dry cement composition, it may be a batch mixing in which is mixed in the tank of a machine to spray water to a mixture ready to the use comprising all or part of the components (a) to (k). The mixing time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes, or even 3 to 10 minutes. Some of the components can be incorporated gradually.

Another object of the invention is the application by projection on a building surface preferably on a wall of the wet formulation defined above. These may be new buildings or renovations.35 SUPPORTS The invention also relates to the supports (concrete, coating, ITE system) coated with the cured wet formulation of the invention. EXAMPLES

-1- Raw materials

(A) Mineral Hydraulic Binder: 1. TERNAL® WHITE, sintered binder consisting primarily of CA, CA2 and secondarily C12A7, Au. Alumina content> 68%, CaO content <31%, surface area blaine> 3700 cm2 / g.Supplier: Kerneos. Production site: Le Teil (Fr) or West Thurrock (GB). 2. SECAR 71 ®, a sintered binder consisting mainly of CA, CA2 and secondarily C12A7, Au. Supplier: Kerneos. Production site: Le Teil (Fr) or West Thurrock (GB). (b) Organic Binder: 1. Resin-water dispersible resin Vinnapas 5535T from WACKER Company. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. 98-100% solid material, ashes: 8-13% polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid, max. 4% rejection at 400 μm, predominant particle size 0.5-8 μm, film formation temperature 4 ° C. 2. Axilat UP600B re-dispersible water resin from HEXION. Copolymer of vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate and maleic ester. 99-100% solid material, 10-14% ash, average particle size about 80 μm, minimum film formation temperature 6 ° C. (c) Source of SS sulphate: 1. Micronized anhydrite MICRO A. S03 content 50% +/- 1%, CaO 30 content 38.7%, specific surface area 5300 cm2 / g +/- 100. Supplier: Maxit. Production site: Faulquemont (Fr). 2. Anhydrite Francis Flower. Content of calcium sulphate> 94%. Supplier: Francis Flower. (d) Setting retarder: Trisodium citrate dihydrate C6HSNa3O7 · 2H2O reference F6000 from the company UNIVAR. Title 99% -100.5%. Granulometry: 15% maximum passing to 200 μm and 10% maximum refusal to 630 μm.5 (e) Accelerator: 1. Light-weight lithium carbonate fine grade RODACHEM. Li2CO3 content> 99%. Density 2.049 g / cm3, average particle size 66 μm. 2. Lithium carbonate grade CHEMETALL technical grade. Li2CO3 content> 99%. Density 2.11 g / cm3, particle size 47% rejection at 420 μm and 17% passing at 74 μm. (f) Water Retterer: Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose cellulose ether of Brookfield viscosity 20000-270000 mPa.s (2% suspension / 20 ° C). WALOCELL MKW 20 000 PP01 from the company DOW. (g) Charge: - Procedure Ml: siliceous, calcareous or silico-calcareous sands and aggregates and possibly calcareous filler. - Procedure M2: Filler limestone. (h) Water repellent: 1 - Sodium oleate from the company PETER GREVEN. Sieve refusal 8001um <15%. 2 - magnesium stearate of the company METALEST. (i) Colorant: Iron Oxide (j) Fibers: Polyacrylonitrile fibers of average length 0.8 mm. Reference FPAC 243 of the company STW. (k) Antifoam: Powder based on a mixture of hyrophobic esters. Granulometry 99% <600 μm.

Reference PERAMIN DEFOAM 50 PE of the company PERAMIN.

-2-Mode_operative_ :. * 2 kg of powder comprising the binder, the structuring filler, the adjuvants are prepared and mixed for 2 minutes on a laboratory mixer Guedu (model 4.5 NO) of useful capacity 3.5 liters at a speed between 545 and 610 revolutions / minute. The 2 kg of powder obtained are mixed on a Perrier laboratory mixer: 30 seconds at a speed of 120 revolutions / minute and then 1 minute at a speed of 60 revolutions / minute. Measurement of the properties: T resistance primary and secondary efflorescence: - "Primary efflorescence" means the efflorescence occurring within hours after the material has been used (24 to 48 hours) while the material is saturated with water. - "Secondary efflorescence" means efflorescence occurring after hardening and exposure of the material to liquid water (rain, runoff, capillary rise). Coatings are applied to the associated substrate (concrete, coating or thermal insulation system from the outside). The models are subjected to a drop-of-water test 6 hours after application of the coating (primary efflorescence tests) and 28 days after hardening (secondary efflorescence tests). The models are inclined at 45 ° and a flow of distilled water flows on the model between 30 and 60 minutes. The drop height of the water is about 23 cm and the flow rate is 9 to 12 ml / minute. At the end of the test and after drying, the appearance of the coating is observed. The latter must not present any discoloration or salt deposit.

T2: Carbonation resistance test: The 28-day hardened plaster samples (mock-up of pure paste without the sands or complete formulas) are placed in a chamber fed with a gas mixture consisting of 40% nitrogen and 60% of CO2 (in moles). The hygrometry is controlled and maintained above 80%. The gas flow rate is maintained by daily injection of a few liters of the mixture. The samples are placed in such a way that the gas mixture can circulate well. The mortar or paint formulations are rinsed weekly under demineralized water to simulate the rinsing effects of an external rain (about 300g / m2 demineralized water), the pure pasta is only preserved without rinsing. The test is maintained at least 28 days or 3 months. The evolution of the hardness of the coating at different times and the stability of the hydrates formed on pure pulp by ATD are measured.

T3: Resistance to scratching The hardness of the coating is determined with the aid of a sclerometer by the measurement of resistance to scratch penetration using a 1 mm diameter tungsten carbide needle. The test will be done on the hardened coating at 28 days and after accelerated carbonation test.

T4: Accelerated aging test on ITE system: The aesthetic and mechanical durability (resistance to cracking and adhesion) is evaluated on a complete wall, the coating being applied as a decorative layer of a thermal insulation system from the outside. . The aging cycle is carried out according to ETAG guide No. 004.

T5: Abrasion test on paints: The abrasion test is performed according to ASTM D 2486 according to method A. The paint is in our case applied to a fiber cement substrate without prior application of primer to a thickness of about 0.25 mm. The evaluation is made after 28 days of drying and after 28 days of drying + 28 days of carbonation following the T2 test. We note after how many cycles the support begins to be visible.

Tables 1 and 2 of compositions (% by weight) Embodiment Ml EMR: TABLE 1 Constituents Formula B% (formula A% (formula PC11) 36-1) Ternal White (a) 19.6 15.3 Anhydrite (c) 0.4 1.7 Li (c) sulphate 0 0 Mikhart 40 (g) 5.65 0 Walocell MKW 20000 PP01 (f) 0.09 0.01 Fibers Pac 243/125 (d) 0.50 0 Stearate magnesium (h) 0.15 0.15 Sodium oleate (h) 0.12 0.12 Trisodium citrate (d) 0.15 0.05 Lithium carbonate (e) 0.018 0.03 Vinnapas 5535 T (b) 2 1 Peramin Defoam 50PE (k) 0.005 0 Red 110 (i) 1 1 Sands and aggregates siliceous and calcareous (g) 72.262 79.67 5 10 Embodiment M2 mineral paint: TABLE 2 Constituents Formula C% Ternal White (a) 38 Anhydrite (c) 0.8 Mikhart 40 (g) 50.215 Walocell MKW 20000 PP01 (f) 0.25 Magnesium stearate (h) 0.2 Sodium oleate (h) 0.2 Trisodium citrate (d) 0.3 Carbonate Lithium (e) 0.035 Vinnapas 5535 T (b) 6 Red 110 (i) 4 Tables 3 and 4 summary of test results

Operating Procedure Ml: RME TABLE 3 Formula A Formula B Initial Performance: Positive Positive Resistance Tests efflorescence Tl Tensile Strength Test 10 N 3 N T3 Adhesion to concrete at 0.40 MPa 0.43 MPa 28 days T6 Adhesion to 28-day non-ITE rupture system Ti in the affected insulation Performance at the end of the 11 N 3 N resistance aging test (6 stripe T3 months): Performance at the end of the 14 N resistance test 5 N T2 T3 carbonation test Performance after the 10 N resistance test No accelerated aging on the T3 scratch T4 concerned TTE system adhesion Fracture on system Rupture No ITE T6 in the concerned insulation Mode M2: Mineral paint TABLE 4 Formula C Initial performances: Positive resistance tests Tl blooms T5 abrasion test 400 cycles T5 abrasion test performance 800 cycles T2 carbonation Conclusion on the tests: The examples cited show that the compositions have a very good resistance to primary and secondary blooms and a scratch resistance which is not degraded at the end of accelerated aging.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dry cementitious composition for the preparation of a wet formulation of plaster, mortar or concrete characterized in that it comprises: (a) a cementitious mineral hydraulic binder comprising a calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and / or based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA); (b) an organic binder; (c) a source of sulphate (SS); and at least one of the following: (d) a set retarder; (e) a setting accelerator; (f) a water retainer; (g) a charge; (h) a water repellent; (i) a colorant; and in that the ratio CAC and / or CSA / SS, in% by dry weight relative to the composition, is, in increasing order of preference, between 80/20 and 100/0; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 85/15 and 99.99 / 0.01; 98/2 and 99.99 / 0.01. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a Thick Mineral Coating (RME) or Thin (RMM), in that the filler (g) is selected from sands and / or aggregates; this charge (g) possibly being supplemented by at least one fluer (1), and in that it comprises at least one water retainer (f). 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a mineral paint and in that the filler (g) is chosen from mineral fillers, preferably from calcareous or magnesium fillers. 30 4. Composition according to claim 2, characterized by the following concentrations, expressed in% by dry weight of the composition and in increasing order of preference: (a) CAC and / or CSA: [80-100]; [90-100] [98-29.29] (c) SS: [0.01-20]; [101-10]; [101-2] 35 (a / c) CAC and / or CSA / SS: [12-28]; [15-21]; [18-22 (b) organic binder: [2125 (d) setting retarder: [0.02-0M5]; [0.05-0.3]; [0,1- 0L2] (e) setting accelerator: [0.005-0.05]; [0.01-0.03] (f) water retainer: [0.01-1]; [0.02-043]; [0.03-0.15] (g) charge: [60-85]; [65-801; [70-75] (h) water-repellent: [0-2]; [Il- 1]; [0 2-5] (i) colorant: [0-5]; [0-2] (j) fibers: [0-5]; [0-2]; [Q- (k) antifoam: [0-MI; [0-0.05]; [ME-0.01] (1) filler: [[2-1M; [4-8] 5. Composition according to claim 3, characterized by the following concentrations, expressed in% by dry weight of the composition and in increasing order of preference: (a) CAC and / or CSA: [80-100]; [90-100] [98-99.99] (c) SS: [0.01-20]; [0.01-10]; [0.01-2] (a / c) CAC and / or CSA / SS: [20-60]; [30-50]; [35-45] (b) organic binder: [0- 20]; [2-151; [4- 10] (d) set retarder: [0.05-1]; [0-1 Mi; [0 2- 0A] (e) setting accelerator: [0.01-0.1]; [0.02-0.05] (f) water retainer: [QQI-2]; [105-15]; [0.0S- M] (g) calcareous filler: [20-70]; [40- 0; [1-50] (h) water-repellent: [0-3]; [OLI-2]; [0 ~ 2- 0 8] (i) colorant: D-MI; [0-10; [0- 5] 6. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the CAC contained in the binder (a): - has a concentration of alumina greater than or equal to, in% by weight and in increasing order of preference: % 50%; 60%; and - is preferably selected from TERNAL WHITE, TERNAL® RG, SECAR® 41; SECAR® 51, SECAR® 60, SECAR® 71, SECAR® 80, fused cement and mixtures thereof. 7. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sulphate source (SS) is chosen from sulphates, preferably from the following sulphates: gypsum, hemihydrate, anhydrite, sulphate lithium, potassium or sodium and mixtures thereof; anhydrite being preferred. 8. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims having at least one of the following characteristics: the organic binder (b) is a polymer, preferably a polymer resin, the monomers or comonomers of which are chosen from: vinyl esters, preferably vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylates, vinylaromatic compounds, olefins, preferably ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, vinyl halides, preferably vinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof; this polymer being incorporated into the composition in the form of an aqueous dispersion and / or in the form of a redispersible powder, preferably produced by atomization, the acrylic, styrene-acrylic, vinyl acetate / ethylene, vinyl acetate / versatate / ethylene resins, the vinyl acetate / vinyl ester / ethylene terpolymers and mixtures thereof being particularly preferred; the retarding agent (d) is preferably chosen from tartaric acid and its salts, preferably sodium or potassium salts, citric acid and its salts, preferably sodium salts (trisodium citrate) and their mixtures. - The setting accelerator (e) is selected from carbonates, preferably lithium or sodium, sulfates, preferably lithium, and mixtures thereof. the water retainer (f) is chosen from: polysaccharides and preferably cellulose ethers and mixtures thereof, and preferably from the group comprising methylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof, or among modified or unmodified guar ethers. the filler (g) is chosen from: Embodiment M1 (RME-RMM): sands and / or aggregates, preferably from siliceous, calcareous and silico-calcareous sands and mixtures thereof. - Embodiment M2 (paints): mineral fillers, preferably from calcareous or magnesium fillers. the water-repellent (h) is chosen from fatty acids and their sodium, potassium or magnesium salts and their mixtures, preferably from oleic acid, stearic acid, and their magnesium or sodium salts; the dye (i) is chosen from iron, titanium and chromium oxides, polysulfurized sodium aluminosilicates and their mixtures or organic dyes; the fibers (j) comprise fibers of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, cellulose, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, glass, sisal, jute, hemp or mixtures of these fibers; the antifoam (k) is chosen from polyether polyols, hydrocarbon molecules, hydrophobic esters or mixtures thereof; the filler (1) is chosen from calcareous or magnesium fillers. 9. mineral hydraulic binder ingredient for cementitious composition, characterized in that it comprises a cement based on CAC and / or CSA and a sulphate source (SS) and in that the ratio CAC and / or CSA / SS, in% by dry weight relative to the composition, is, in an increasing order of preference, between 80/20 and 100/0; 90/10 and 99.99 / 0.01; 85/15 and 99.99 / 0.01; 98/2 and 99.99 / 0.01. 10. Process for the preparation of the composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 or the binder ingredient according to claim 9, characterized in that it consists essentially of mixing the components of said composition or of the ingredient-binding. Process for the preparation of a wet formulation, characterized in that it essentially consists in mixing water with a ready-to-use mixture comprising all or part of the binder (a) and the source (c) of SS sulphate and optionally all or part of the other components, the mixing time preferably being 1 to 30 min, or even 3 to 10 min, the rest of the components then being gradually incorporated into the mixture if this has not been done before . Thin or thin mineral coating obtained from the wet formulation obtained by the process according to the claim 11. The coating of claim 12, characterized in that it has a concrete adhesion (Tl test) greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa and preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa. 14. A building or civil engineering work made at least in part with a wet formulation obtained by the process according to claim 11, said formulation curing after its application and shaping. A method of application to a building or building work surface of a building or civil engineering structure by means of the wet formulation obtained by the process according to claim 11.